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Abstract
In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the regulatory requirements for acute systemic toxicity information in the European Union, and we review structure-based computational models that are available and potentially useful in the assessment of acute systemic toxicity. Emphasis is placed on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models implemented by means of a range of software tools. The most recently published literature models for acute systemic toxicity are also discussed, and perspectives for future developments in this field are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Antonia Diukendjieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Al-Jamal O, Al-Jighefee H, Younes N, Abdin R, Al-Asmakh MA, Radwan AB, Sliem MH, Majdalawieh AF, Pintus G, Yassine HM, Abdullah AM, Da'as SI, Nasrallah GK. Organ-specific toxicity evaluation of stearamidopropyl dimethylamine (SAPDMA) surfactant using zebrafish embryos. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140450. [PMID: 32886985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are widely used in the industry of detergents, household products, and cosmetics. SAPDMA is a cationic surfactant that is used mostly in cosmetics, conditioning agents and has recently gained attention as a corrosion inhibitor in the sea pipelines industry. In this regard, literature concerning the ecotoxicological classification of SAPDMA on aquatic animals is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of SAPDMA using the aquatic zebrafish embryo model. The potential toxic effects of SAPDMA were assessed by different assays. This includes (i) mortality/survival assay to assess the median lethal concentration (LC50); (ii) teratogenicity assay to assess the no observed effect concentration (NOEC); (iii) organ-specific toxicity assays including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (using locomotion assay), hematopoietic toxicity (hemoglobin synthesis using o-dianisidine staining), hepatotoxicity (liver steatosis and yolk retention using Oil Red O (ORO) stain); (iv) cellular cytotoxicity (mitochondrial membrane potential) by measuring the accumulation of JC-1 dye into mitochondria. Exposure of embryos to SAPDMA caused mortality in a dose-dependent manner with a calculated LC50 of 2.3 mg/L. Thus, based on the LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, SAPDMA is classified as "moderately toxic". The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) concerning a set of parameters including scoliosis, changes in body length, yolk, and eye sizes was 0.1 mg/L. At the same NOEC concentration (0.1 mg/L), no organ-specific toxicity was detected in fish treated with SAPDMA, except hepatomegaly with no associated liver dysfunctions. However, higher SAPDMA concentrations (0.8 mg/L) have dramatic effects on zebrafish organ development (eye, heart, and liver development). Our data recommend a re-evaluation of the SAPDMA employment in the industry setting and its strictly monitoring by environmental and public health agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Al-Jamal
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadeel Al-Jighefee
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roba Abdin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha A Al-Asmakh
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Bahgat Radwan
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mostafa H Sliem
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aboubakr M Abdullah
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar I Da'as
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Burton J, Worth AP, Tsakovska I, Diukendjieva A. In Silico Models for Acute Systemic Toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1425:177-200. [PMID: 27311468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3609-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we give an overview of the regulatory requirements for acute systemic toxicity information in the European Union, and we review the availability of structure-based computational models that are available and potentially useful in the assessment of acute systemic toxicity. The most recently published literature models for acute systemic toxicity are also discussed, and perspectives for future developments in this field are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Burton
- Systems Toxicology Unit and EURL ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrew P Worth
- Systems Toxicology Unit and EURL ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Varese, Italy.
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Department of QSAR & Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonia Diukendjieva
- Department of QSAR & Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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