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Yapiyev V, Ongdas N, Pinkerneil S, Samarkhanov K, Kabdeshev A, Karakulov Y, Muzdybaev M, Atalikhova A, Stefan C, Sagin J, Fustic M. The exploratory dataset of isotopic composition of different water sources across Kazakhstan. Data Brief 2024; 54:110360. [PMID: 38590614 PMCID: PMC10999508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents the dataset of stable water isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen measured in water samples from different sources (precipitation, surface water, groundwater, tap water) across Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2018 and from 2020 to 2023. The dataset includes results on isotopic composition of 399 water samples, namely precipitation: event-based (n = 108), cumulative monthly (n = 22); surface water: lakes, reservoirs, brooks, rivers, channels (n = 175), groundwater: shallow and artesian groundwater, spring (n = 85), tapwater (n = 9). For each sample name of the source, location, latitude, longitude and date of sampling, measurement uncertainty (one standard deviation) are available. The samples were assessed by plotting the data in dual δ18O vs. δ2H isotope space with reference to values found in the published literature and fitting a linear regression equation for Astana (event) precipitation. Overall, this is the first dataset covering wide range of sources across Kazakhstan, which could be used by global and regional water resource assessments and studies such as tracing water sources, hydrograph separation and end-member analyses, isotope mass balance, evapotranspiration partitioning, residence time analysis and groundwater recharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yapiyev
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Ongdas
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
- Research Group INOWAS, Department of Hydro Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Pinkerneil
- Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kanat Samarkhanov
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Kabdeshev
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Karakulov
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Muzdybaev
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aksholpan Atalikhova
- International Science Complex Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave 8, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Catalin Stefan
- Research Group INOWAS, Department of Hydro Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jay Sagin
- Kazakh-British Technical University, Tole Bi Street 59, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
- Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 49008, MI, United States
| | - Milovan Fustic
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- University of Calgary, Department of Earth, Energy, and Environment, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Wright EJ, Meija J, McCarron P, Miles CO. Preparation of 18O-labelled azaspiracids for accurate quantitation using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5973-5983. [PMID: 37530793 PMCID: PMC10556123 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of polyether marine algal toxins known to accumulate in shellfish, posing a risk to human health and the seafood industry. Analysis of AZAs is typically performed using LC-MS, which can suffer from matrix effects that significantly impact the accuracy of measurement results. While the use of isotopic internal standards is an effective approach to correct for these effects, isotopically labelled standards for AZAs are not currently available. In this study, 18O-labelled AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 were prepared by reaction with H218O under acidic conditions, and the reaction kinetics and sites of incorporation were studied using LC-HRMS/MS aided by mathematical analysis of their isotope patterns. Analysis of the isotopic incorporation in AZA1 and AZA3 indicated the presence of four exchangeable oxygen atoms. Excessive isomerization occurred during preparation of 18O-labelled AZA2, suggesting a role for the 8-methyl group in the thermodynamic stability of AZAs. Neutralized mixtures of 18O-labelled AZA1 and AZA3 were found to maintain their isotopic and isomeric integrities when stored at -20 °C and were used to develop an isotope-dilution LC-MS method which was applied to reference materials of shellfish matrices containing AZAs, demonstrating high accuracy and excellent reproducibility. Preparation of isotopically labelled compounds using the isotopic exchange method, combined with the kinetic analysis, offers a feasible way to obtain isotopically labelled internal standards for a wide variety of biomolecules to support reliable quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J. Wright
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher O. Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
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Sim J, McGoverin C, Oey I, Frew R, Kebede B. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy accurately predicted isotope and elemental compositions for origin traceability of coffee. Food Chem 2023; 427:136695. [PMID: 37385064 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios and trace elements are well-established tools that act as signatures of the product's environmental conditions and agricultural processes; but they involve time, money, and environmentally destructive chemicals. In this study, we tested for the first time the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) to estimate/predict isotope and elemental compositions for the origin verification of coffee. Green coffee samples from two continents, 4 countries, and 10 regions were analysed for five isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, δ2H, and δ34S) and 41 trace elements. NIR (1100-2400 nm) calibrations were developed using pre-processing with extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) and mean centering and partial-least squares regression (PLS-R). Five elements (Mn, Mo, Rb, B, La) and three isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) were moderately to well predicted by NIR (R2: 0.69 to 0.93). NIR indirectly measured these parameters by association with organic compounds in coffee. These parameters were related to altitude, temperature and rainfall differences across countries and regions and were previously found to be origin discriminators for coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sim
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Sierra-Olea M, Kölle S, Bein E, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ, Hübner U. Isotopically labeled ozone: A new approach to elucidate the formation of ozonation products. Water Res 2023; 233:119740. [PMID: 36822109 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As ozonation becomes a widespread treatment for removal of chemicals of emerging concern from wastewater treatment plant effluents, there are increasing concerns regarding the formation of ozonation products (OPs), and their possible impacts on the aquatic environment and eventually human health. In this study, a novel method was developed that utilizes heavy oxygen (18O2) for the production of heavy ozone ([18O1]O2, [18O2]O1, [18O3]) to actively label OPs from oxygen transfer reactions. To establish and validate this new approach, venlafaxine with a well-described oxygen transfer reaction (tertiary amine -> N-oxide) was chosen as a model compound. Observed 18O/16O ratios in the major OP venlafaxine N-oxide (NOV) correlated with expected 18O purities based on tracer experiments. These results confirmed the successful labeling with heavy oxygen and furthermore demonstrate the potential to monitor NOV as an indicator of 18O/16O ratios during ozonation. As a next step, 18O/16O ratios were used to elucidate the formation mechanism of previously described OPs from sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Seven OPs were detected including the frequently described nitro-SMX, which was formed with a maximum yield of 3.2% (of initial SMX). With the successful labeling of six of the seven OPs from sulfamethoxazole, it was possible to confirm their previously proposed formation pathways, and to distinguish oxygen transfer from electron transfer reactions. 18O/16O ratios in OPs indicate that hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and formation of nitro-groups mostly follows oxygen transfer reactions, while electron transfer reactions initiate the formation of hydroxylamine and the abstraction of NH2 leading to catechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millaray Sierra-Olea
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Simon Kölle
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Emil Bein
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching D-85748, Germany.
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Avery E, Samonina O, Vyshenska I, Fryar AE, Erhardt AM. Variation of tap-water isotope ratios and municipal water sources across Kyiv city, Ukraine. Discov Water 2022; 2:13. [PMID: 38013790 PMCID: PMC9640821 DOI: 10.1007/s43832-022-00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of water allow researchers to examine water pathways and better understand spatial and temporal variability in mixtures of municipal water sources. In regions such as Kyiv (Ukraine), with a water supply that is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, pollution, and geopolitical conflict, such understanding is critical for effective water management. Trends in stable isotope values and water sources can function as a confirmation of municipal data. Additionally, these data can provide an early signal for the effects of climate change on these sources, reducing uncertainty from physical measurements. For this study, tap water, surface water, and groundwater were collected over 14 months in Kyiv and nearby Boryspil, Brovary, and Boyarka and measured for hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes. The stable isotope values from the tap water for each district show a general seasonal trend in water sources, with more groundwater used in the supply in the winter for most districts. Spatially, groundwater use increases from south to north in the left-bank districts in Kyiv city and groundwater use generally decreases from south to north in the right-bank districts. As precipitation patterns shift and temperatures increase, the reliance on particular water sources may need to shift as well. Overall, δ2H and δ18O data provide a baseline expectancy for current water use throughout the year and, from this, deviations can be assessed early. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43832-022-00021-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Avery
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Olena Samonina
- Department of Environmental Sciences, National University Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Vyshenska
- Department of Environmental Sciences, National University Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alan E. Fryar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Andrea M. Erhardt
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mudge EM, Meija J, Uhlig S, Robertson A, McCarron P, Miles CO. Production and stability of Oxygen-18 labeled Caribbean ciguatoxins and gambierones. Toxicon 2022; 211:11-20. [PMID: 35300989 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) and gambierones are ladder-shaped polyethers associated with ciguatera poisoning and Gambierdiscus spp. Several of these compounds contain carbonyl or hemiketal groups, which have the potential to exchange with 18O-labeled water under acidic conditions. The effects of solvent composition and acid on the rate of exchange and on the stability of the labels at various pH values were assessed to optimize the incorporation of 18O into Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 and -2 (C-CTX1/2), gambierone, and 44-methylgambierone. LC-HRMS results showed that 18O-labeling occurred at the hydroxy group of the hemiketal at C-56 in C-CTX1/2, and at the hydroxy group of the hemiketal at C-4 and the ketone at C-40 in gambierones. Labeling occurred very rapidly (complete in <30 min) for C-CTX1/2, and more slowly (complete in ca. 16 h) for both gambierones. Labeled C-CTX1/2 was reduced with sodium borohydride to produce 18O-labeled C-CTX3/4. The incorporated 18O labels in the gambierones and C-CTXs were retained in aqueous solvent mixtures under neutral conditions in a short-term stability study, demonstrating that these 18O-labeled toxins have the potential to be used in isotope dilution and metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mudge
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Z1, Canada.
| | - Juris Meija
- Chemical Metrology, National Research Council, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Alison Robertson
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, 600 Clinic Drive, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA; Marine Ecotoxicology, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher O Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Z1, Canada
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Gibson J, Eby P, Stadnyk T, Holmes T, Birks S, Pietroniro A. Dataset of 18O and 2H in streamflow across Canada: A national resource for tracing water sources, water balance and predictive modelling. Data Brief 2021; 34:106723. [PMID: 33521176 PMCID: PMC7820383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-18 and deuterium were measured in streamflow samples collected from 331 gauging stations across Canada during 2013 to 2019. This dataset includes 9206 isotopic analyses made on 4603 individual water samples, and an additional 1259 analysis repeats for quality assurance/quality control. We also include arithmetic and flow-weighted averages, and other basic statistics for stations where adequate data were available. Station data are provided including station code, name, province, latitude, longitude and drainage area. Flow data were extracted from the historical database of the Water Survey of Canada. Details on the preliminary application of these data are provided in "18O and 2H in streamflow across Canada" [1]. Overall, these data are expected to be useful when combined with precipitation datasets and analytical or numerical models for water resource management and planning, including tracing streamflow source, water balance, evapotranspiration partitioning, residence time analysis, and early detection of climate and land use changes in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Gibson
- InnoTech Alberta, 3-4476 Markham Street, Victoria BC V8Z 7X8 Canada
- University of Victoria, Department of Geography, Victoria BC V8W 3R4 Canada
| | - P. Eby
- InnoTech Alberta, 3-4476 Markham Street, Victoria BC V8Z 7X8 Canada
| | - T.A. Stadnyk
- University of Calgary, Geography, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- University of Manitoba, Civil Engineering, Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada
| | - T. Holmes
- University of Calgary, Geography, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- University of Manitoba, Civil Engineering, Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada
| | - S.J. Birks
- University of Victoria, Department of Geography, Victoria BC V8W 3R4 Canada
- InnoTech Alberta, 3608 - 33 St NW Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6 Canada
| | - A. Pietroniro
- National Hydrological Service, Meteorological Service of Canada, National Hydrology Research Centre, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon SK S7N 3H5 Canada
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Tsikas D. GC-MS approach revealing hidden nitrite reactions in hemolysate using 18O-labelled nitrite and cysteine-based thiols. Anal Biochem 2020; 613:114025. [PMID: 33242484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In erythrocytes, nitric oxide (NO) and its autoxidation product nitrite undergo multiple reactions with hemoglobin species to form nitrate, Fe-nitrosyl hemoglobin (HbFe(II)NO), S-nitrosohemoglobin (HbCysβ93SNO), and other intermediates including nitrito-methemoblobin HbFe(III)ONO, nitro-methemoblobin HbFe(III)NO2 and nitrous anhydride (N2O3). Here, we report a stable-isotope dilution GC-MS assay that allows studying reactions of nitrite in hemolysate. The method is based on the use of 18O-labelled nitrite in combination with l-cysteine or N-acetyl-l-cysteine ethyl ester and GC-MS measurement of unlabelled and labelled nitrite and nitrate species. This approach reveals reactions that are hidden at physiological nitrite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Igarashi T, Kambe T, Kihara H. Industrial separation of oxygen isotopes by oxygen distillation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:865-869. [PMID: 31392740 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
18 O-labeled water (Water-18 O) is a widely used starting material of 18 F-labeled diagnostic agents in positron emission tomography (PET). Conventionally, Water-18 O has been separated from other stable oxygen isotope species (16 O, 17 O) by water distillation or nitric oxide distillation. However, conventional methods are costly and may have safety issues. In 2004, we developed the first unit of our novel oxygen isotope separation process by cryogenic oxygen distillation to overcome these issues. To meet the needs of the market, we built a second unit in 2013 and a third in 2016. We are now operating three commercially viable separation units with a total capacity of 600 kg of Water-18 O per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Igarashi
- Research & Development Division, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kambe
- Research & Development Division, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kihara
- Research & Development Division, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
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Hollins SE, Hughes CE, Crawford J, Cendón DI, Meredith KT. Rainfall isotope variations over the Australian continent - Implications for hydrology and isoscape applications. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:630-645. [PMID: 30029138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a continental scale interpretation of δ2H and δ18O in Australian precipitation, incorporating historical GNIP data at seven sites (1962-2002) and 8-12 years of new monthly data from 15 sites from 2003 to 2014. The more than doubling of stations and the significant time series duration allow for an improved analysis of Australian precipitation isotopes. Local meteoric water lines were developed for each site, and for the Australian continent. When the annual precipitation weighted values were used, the Australian meteoric water line was δ2H = 8.3 δ18O + 14.1‰. Precipitation amount was found to be a stronger driver of precipitation isotopes than temperature at most sites, particularly those affected by tropical cyclones and the monsoon. Latitude, elevation and distance from the coast were found to be stronger drivers of spatial variability than temperature or rainfall amount. Annual isoscapes of δ2H, δ18O and deuterium excess were developed, providing an improved tool to estimate precipitation isotope inputs to hydrological systems. Because of the complex climate, weather and oceanic moisture sources affecting Australia, regional groupings were used instead of the climate zone approach and additional data was included to improve the coverage in data poor regions. Regression equations for the isoscape were derived using latitude, altitude and distance from the coast as predictor variables. We demonstrate how this isoscape can be used as a tool for interpreting groundwater recharge processes using examples from across Queensland and New South Wales, including the Murray Darling Basin. Groundwater isotopes at sites where direct local recharge occurs are similar to rainfall, but for inland sites, which are often arid or semi-arid, a disconnect between shallow groundwater and local rainfall is observed; the departure in deuterium excess for these sites increases with aridity and distance from the headwaters where flooding originates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Hollins
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Jagoda Crawford
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Dioni I Cendón
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Karina T Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
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Nordøy ES, Lager AR, Schots PC. Seasonal changes in background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 prove water drinking by harp seals, which affects the use of the doubly labelled water method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:4450-4455. [PMID: 28982968 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor seasonal changes in stable isotopes of pool freshwater and harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) body water, and to study whether these potential seasonal changes might bias results obtained using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method when measuring energy expenditure in animals with access to freshwater. Seasonal changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the body water of four captive harp seals and in the freshwater pool in which they were kept were measured over a time period of 1 year. The seals were offered daily amounts of capelin and kept under a seasonal photoperiod of 69°N. Large seasonal variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the pool water were measured, and the isotope abundance in the body water showed similar seasonal changes to the pool water. This shows that the seals were continuously equilibrating with the surrounding water as a result of significant daily water drinking. Variations in background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 in freshwater sources may be due to seasonal changes in physical processes such as precipitation and evaporation that cause fractionation of isotopes. Rapid and abrupt changes in the background levels of deuterium and oxygen-18 may complicate calculation of energy expenditure by use of the DLW method. It is therefore strongly recommended that analysis of seasonal changes in background levels of isotopes is performed before the DLW method is applied on (free-ranging) animals, and to use a control group in order to correct for changes in background levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling S Nordøy
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne R Lager
- UNN University Hospital of North Norway, Division of Internal Medicine, Post-box 101, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pauke C Schots
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Tsikas D, Böhmer A, Gros G, Endeward V. Evidence of the chemical reaction of (18)O-labelled nitrite with CO2 in aqueous buffer of neutral pH and the formation of (18)OCO by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:25-35. [PMID: 26976364 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrite (NO2(-), ON-O(-) ←→ (-)O-NO) is the autoxidation product of nitric oxide (NO). Nitrite can also be formed from inorganic nitrate (ONO2(-)), the major oxidation product of NO in erythrocytes, by the catalytic action of bacterial nitrate reductase in gut and oral microflora. Nitrite can be reduced to NO by certain cellular proteins and enzymes, as well as in the gastric juice under acidic conditions. Hemoglobin, xanthine oxidoreductase and carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been reported to convert nitrite to NO. Renal CA isoforms are involved in the reabsorption of nitrite and may, therefore, play an important role in NO homeostasis. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the action of CA on nitrite are incompletely understood. The nitrate/nitrite system is regarded as a reservoir of NO. We have recently shown that nitrite reacts chemically with carbon dioxide (CO2), the regular substrate of CA. The present communication reports a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) study on the reaction of NO2(-) and CO2 performed in 50 mM HEPES buffer of pH 7.4 at 37 °C. By using (18)O-labelled nitrite ((18)ON-O(-)/(-18)O-NO) and CO2 we observed formation of (18)O-labelled CO2. This finding is an unequivocal evidence of the chemical reaction of (18)ON-O(-)/(-18)O-NO with CO2. The reaction is rapid and involves nucleophilic attack of the negatively charged nitrite via one of its oxygen atoms on the partially positively charged CO2 molecule to form the putative intermediate (18)ON-O-CO2(-)/(-)O2C-(18)O-NO. The by far largest fraction of this intermediate decomposes back to (18)ON-O(-)/(-18)O-NO and CO2. A very small fraction of the intermediate, however, rearranges and finally decomposes to form (18)OCO and nitrite. This reaction is slower in the presence of an isolated erythrocytic CA isoform II. In summary, NO2(-), CO2 and CA are ubiquitous. The chemical reaction of NO2(-) with CO2 and its modulation by CA isoforms may play important roles in the transport of nitrite in red blood cells, the kidney and other cells and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anke Böhmer
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerolf Gros
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Endeward
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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