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Wright P, Veronese M, Mazibuko N, Turkheimer FE, Rabiner EA, Ballard CG, Williams SCR, Hari Narayanan AK, Osrah B, Williams R, Marques TR, Howes OD, Roncaroli F, O'Sullivan MJ. Patterns of Mitochondrial TSPO Binding in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An in vivo PET Study With Neuropathological Comparison. Front Neurol 2020; 11:541377. [PMID: 33178101 PMCID: PMC7596201 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.541377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with cognitive impairment in older age and be implicated in vascular dementia. Post-mortem studies show proliferation of activated microglia in the affected white matter. However, the role of inflammation in SVD pathogenesis is incompletely understood and better biomarkers are needed. We hypothesized that expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of microglial activation, would be higher in SVD. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed with the second-generation TSPO ligand [11C]PBR28 in 11 participants with SVD. TSPO binding was evaluated by a two-tissue compartment model, with and without a vascular binding component, in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). In post-mortem tissue, in a separate cohort of individuals with SVD, immunohistochemistry was performed for TSPO and a pan-microglial marker Iba1. Kinetic modeling showed reduced tracer volume and blood volume fraction in WMH compared with NAWM, but a significant increase in vascular binding. Vascular [11C]PBR28 binding was also increased compared with normal-appearing white matter of healthy participants free of SVD. Immunohistochemistry showed a diffuse increase in microglial staining (with Iba1) in sampled tissue in SVD compared with control samples, but with only a subset of microglia staining positively for TSPO. Intense TSPO staining was observed in the vicinity of damaged small blood vessels, which included perivascular macrophages. The results suggest an altered phenotype of activated microglia, with reduced TSPO expression, in the areas of greatest white matter ischemia in SVD, with implications for the interpretation of TSPO PET studies in older individuals or those with vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wright
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ndabezinhle Mazibuko
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico E. Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenii A. Rabiner
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Invicro, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive G. Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avinash Kumar Hari Narayanan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Bahiya Osrah
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky Williams
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago R. Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Fowler EG, Oppenheim WL, Greenberg MB, Staudt LA, Joshi SH, Silverman DHS. Brain Metabolism During A Lower Extremity Voluntary Movement Task in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:159. [PMID: 32528261 PMCID: PMC7263017 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) is a primary impairment due to corticospinal tract (CST) injury in spastic cerebral palsy (CP). There are few studies of brain metabolism in CP and none have examined brain metabolism during a motor task. Nine children with bilateral spastic CP [Age: 6-11 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels II-V] completed this study. SVMC was evaluated using Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) ranging from 0 (absent) to 10 (normal). Brain metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in association with a selective ankle motor task. Whole brain activation maps as well as ROI averaged metabolic activity were correlated with SCALE scores. The contralateral sensorimotor and superior parietal cortex were positively correlated with SCALE scores (p < 0.0005). In contrast, a negative correlation of metabolic activity with SCALE was found in the cerebellum (p < 0.0005). Subsequent ROI analysis showed that both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellar metabolism correlated with SCALE but the relationship for the ipsilateral cerebellum was stronger (R 2 = 0.80, p < 0.001 vs. R 2 = 0.46, p = 0.045). Decreased cortical and increased cerebellar activation in children with less SVMC may be related to task difficulty, activation of new motor learning paradigms in the cerebellum and potential engagement of alternative motor systems when CSTs are focally damaged. These results support SCALE as a clinical correlate of neurological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen G Fowler
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Tarjan Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William L Oppenheim
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marcia B Greenberg
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Loretta A Staudt
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H S Silverman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Gabelle A, Gutierrez LA, Jaussent I, Ben Bouallegue F, De Verbizier D, Navucet S, Grasselli C, Bennys K, Marelli C, David R, Mariano-Goulart D, Andrieu S, Vellas B, Payoux P, Berr C, Dauvilliers Y. Absence of Relationship Between Self-Reported Sleep Measures and Amyloid Load in Elderly Subjects. Front Neurol 2019; 10:989. [PMID: 31572295 PMCID: PMC6753692 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the relationships between self-reported sleep profile and cortical amyloid load in elderly subjects without dementia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 143 community-dwelling participants aged ≥70 years (median: 73 years [70–85]; 87 females) with spontaneous memory complaints but dementia-free. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, neuropsychological tests, sleep, and 18F-florbetapir (amyloid) PET data were collected. The clinical sleep interview evaluated nighttime sleep duration, but also daytime sleep duration, presence of naps, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) at time of study. Validated questionnaires assessed daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and risk of sleep apnea. The cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) was computed across six cortical regions. The relationship between sleep parameters and SUVr (cut-off ratio>1.17 and tertiles) was analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Amyloid-PET was positive in 40.6% of participants. Almost 40% were at risk for apnea, 13.5% had RLS, 35.5% insomnia symptoms, 22.1% daytime sleepiness, and 18.8% took sleep drugs. No significant relationship was found between positive amyloid PET and nighttime sleep duration (as a continuous variable, or categorized into <6; 6–7; ≥7 h per night). Logistic regression models did not show any association between SUVr and daytime sleep duration, 24-h sleep duration, naps, RLS, daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, and sleep apnea risk (before and after adjustment for APOEε4 and depressive symptoms). Conclusion: Our study did not confirm the association between amyloid-PET burden, poor sleep quantity/quality in elderly population, suggesting that the interplay between sleep, and amyloid is more complex than described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure-Anne Gutierrez
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France
| | - Fayçal Ben Bouallegue
- Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sophie Navucet
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Grasselli
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Bennys
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud David
- Department of Psychiatry, Memory Research and Resources Center, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1027, Toulouse Université III, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1027, Toulouse Université III, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatrie, Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, MUSE, Montpellier, France.,Department of Neurology, Narcolepsy National Reference Center, Sleep Center, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Barré L, Hovhannisyan N, Bodet-Milin C, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Damaj G. [ 18F]-Fludarabine for Hematological Malignancies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:77. [PMID: 31058154 PMCID: PMC6478790 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of PET/CT using 18F-FDG, molecular imaging has become the reference for lymphoma lesion detection, tumor staging, and response assessment. According to the response in some lymphoma subtypes it has also been utilized for prognostication of disease. Although 18F-FDG has proved useful in the management of patients with lymphoma, the specificity of 18F-FDG uptake has been critically questioned, and is not without flaws. Its dependence on glucose metabolism, which may indiscriminately increase in benign conditions, can affect the 18F-FDG uptake in tumors and may explain the causes of false-positive imaging data. Considering these drawbacks, 18F-fludarabine, an adenine nucleoside analog, was developed as a novel PET imaging probe. An efficient and fully automated radiosynthesis has been implemented and, subsequently preclinical studies in xenograft murine models of hematological maligancies (follicular lymphoma, CNS lymphoma, multiple myeloma) were conducted with this novel PET probe in parallel with 18F-FDG. The results demonstrated several crucial points: tumor-specific targeting, weaker uptake in inflammatory processes, stronger correlation between quantitative values extracted from [18]F-fludarabine and histology when compared to 18F-FDG-PET, robustness during immunotherapy with rituximab, divergent responses between CNS lymphoma and glioblastoma (GBM). All these favorable findings permitted to establish a “first in man” study where 10 patients were enrolled. In DLBCL patients, increased uptake was observed in sites considered abnormal by CT and [18F]FDG; in two patients discrepancies were observed in comparison with 18F-FDG. In CLL patients, the uptake coincided with sites expected to be involved and displayed a significant uptake in hematopoietic bone marrow. No uptake was observed, whatever the disease group, in the cardiac muscle and brain. Moreover, its mean effective dose was below the effective dose reported for 18F-FDG. These preclinical and clinical findings revealed a marked specificity of 18F-fludarabine for lymphoma tissues. Furthermore, it might well be a robust tool for correctly quantifying the disease, in the presence of confounding inflammatory processes, thus avoiding false-positive results, and an innovative approach for imaging hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Barré
- LDM-TEP Group, UMR6030 Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des Pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales, Caen, France
| | - Narinée Hovhannisyan
- LDM-TEP Group, UMR6030 Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des Pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Bodet-Milin
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Gandhi Damaj
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Center of Caen, Caen, France
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