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REICHEN G. [The premises of the surgical department at the time of antisepsis]. Veroff Schweiz Ges Gesch Med Naturwiss 1949; 18:51-9. [PMID: 15400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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EISLER M, EIBL H. [Further experiments on the effect of phenols on the diphtheria toxin and toxoid]. Klin Med Osterr Z Wiss Prakt Med 1948; 3:609-623. [PMID: 18883316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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UPDEGRAFF DM. Phenol production by marine bacteria. J Bacteriol 1947; 54:268. [PMID: 20260785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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STONE RW, MACHAMER HE. Production of p-cresol and phenol from tyrosine by marine mud cultures. J Bacteriol 1947; 54:39. [PMID: 20255135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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BOLLIGER A, McDONALD ND. Colour reactions of carbohydrates with phenols and their interpretation with the recording spectrophotometer. Aust J Sci 1947; 9:189. [PMID: 20250899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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BAROIN M. [Positions and intensities of absorption bands, in the near infrared, of phenolic derivatives]. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci 1947; 224:821. [PMID: 20248739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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MEINCK F, SPALTENSTEIN A. [Sewage from coal processing industries and drinking water supply; a contribution to the knowledge of phenolic waters]. Gesund Ing 1947; 68:7-11. [PMID: 20242088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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GREENBERG GR, BARNUM CP. Effect of pH on apparent pK of phenolic groups in protein. Fed Proc 1947; 6:256. [PMID: 20343104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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THOMAS A. [Monoethanolamine molybdate reactivates ortho di phenols]. Schweizer Chem Ztg Tech Ind 1946; 29:380. [PMID: 20343151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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ROSENTHALER L, CAPUANO L. [About incompatibilities; On reactions of iodine with phenols in aqueous solution]. Pharm Acta Helv 1946; 21:225-228. [PMID: 20251051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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KEIFER HH. Isopropyl alcohol and phenol used in entomological microtechnique. J Econ Entomol 1946; 39:665. [PMID: 20278204 DOI: 10.1093/jee/39.5.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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JORDAN RC, JACOBS SE. Studies in the dynamics of disinfection; the reaction between phenol and Bact. coli; the effect of temperature on the usually accepted concentration exponent and the calculation of a more satisfactory exponent based on theoretical considerations. J Hyg (Lond) 1946; 44:421-429. [PMID: 21003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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SIZER IW. The oxidation and inactivation of poison ivy irritants and other phenolic derivatives by peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Anat Rec 1946; 94:429. [PMID: 21066200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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SIZER IW, LOGEMANN ED. The oxidative inactivation of poison ivy irritants and related phenolic derivatives by laccase. Anat Rec 1946; 94:429. [PMID: 21020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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BEINHART EG. Absorption of phenol vapors by plants. Science 1946; 103:207. [PMID: 21065743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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ALEXANDER AE, TRIM AR. The biological activity of phenolic compounds; the effect of surface active substances upon the penetration of hexyl resorcinol into Ascaris lumbricoides var. suls. Proc R Soc Med 1946; 133:220-34. [PMID: 21014295 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1946.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of surface active substances (sodium cholate, sodium oleate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C. T. A. B.)), upon the penetration of hexyl resorcinol into the pig round-worm (
Ascaris lumbricoides
var.
suis
) has been measured quantitatively, and parallel measurements carried out upon the interfacial activity of these solutions again staninert mineral oil. In all three cases a marked similarity of action, differing only in degree, was observed. Using a fixed hexyl resorcinol concentration (0∙025%) the soap in dilute solution accelerated the penetration of this drug, the maximum accelerations being in the order sodium cholate sodium oleate < C. T. A. B., but when present in high concentration the penetration was completely inhibited. The soaps alone were found to penetrate
Ascaris
very slowly, if at all, the amounts taken up being reasonably explained on the basis of surface adsorption only. Measurement of interfacial tensions showed that the soap and hexyl resorcinol molecules associate at an interface, forming a labile complex of increased surface activity. Using a fixed drug concentration (0∙025% as above), the interfacial tension went through a minimum as the soap concentration was increased, ultimately rising to the value for the soap alone. Maximum interfacial activity (i. e. minimum interfacial tension), was found in all cases to occur at that soap concentration giving maximum hexyl resorcinol penetration into
Ascaris
, and was in the same order, viz. cholate ≪ oleate < C. T. A. B. The interfacial tension measurements also showed that this particular soap concentration corresponded to the onset of micellar aggregation of the soap molecules. From the interfacial tension data a simple explanation for the biological measurements can be suggested, which at the same time appears to explain a number of observations upon other biological systems, in particular the effect of soaps upon the bactericidal activity of phenols. This explanation suggests that the biological activity of hexyl resorcinol (as measured by its rate of penetration) is determined by the interfacial activity of the mixture, and that when soap micelles are present the drug distributes itself between the micelles and any other interface present (e. g. oil/water or
Ascaris
/water). The maximum biological activity thus occurs at the critical concentration for micelle formation, since this has maximum interfacial activity. At high soap concentrations the hexyl resorcinol is mainly held by the soap micelles, so that the biological activity is thereby diminished, ultimately to zero since the soaps alone penetrate so extremely slowly. In the case of C. T. A. B./hexyl resorcinol mixtures it has been possible, from physical data only, to calculate a theoretical curve for the biological activity which is in good agreement with experiment. The possible bearings of these conclusions upon
in vivo
activity of hexyl resorcinol as an anthelmintic, and upon drug action in general, are briefly mentioned.
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VILALLONGA F. [Relations between the organic structures and the absorption spectra in the ultraviolet; benzene, phenol and diphenols]. Publ B Aires Cent Investig 1946; 10:59-79. [PMID: 20240287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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PHENOL disinfectants. Manuf Chem Aerosol News 1945; 16:440. [PMID: 21006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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SIEVERS O, JANNES L. Chemical control of the phenol contents of vaccines and serum preparations. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1945; 22:204. [PMID: 21006644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1945.tb05043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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