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Xing K, Che Y, Wang Z, Yuan S, Wu Q, Shi F, Chen Y, Shen X, Zhong X, Xie X, Zhu Q, Li X. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with BEZ235 prevent acute rejection in mouse heart transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110922. [PMID: 37699303 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute rejection may manifest following heart transplantation, despite the implementation of relatively well-established immunosuppression protocols. The significance of the mTOR signaling pathway in rejection is widely acknowledged. BEZ235, a second-generation mTOR inhibitor with dual inhibitory effects on PI3K and mTOR, holds promise for clinical applications. This study developed a nanodelivery system, BEZ235@NP, to facilitate the intracellular delivery of BEZ235, which enhances efficacy and reduces adverse effects by improving the poor solubility of BEZ235. In the complete MHCII-mismatched model, BEZ235@NP significantly prolonged cardiac allografts survival compared to free BEZ235, which was attributed to more effective suppression of effector T cell activation and promotion of greater expansion of Tregs. These nanoparticles demonstrated excellent biosafety and exhibited no short-term biotoxicity upon investigation. To elucidate the mechanism, primary T cells were isolated from the spleen and it was observed that BEZ235@NP treatment resulted in the arrest of these cells in the G0/G1 phase. As indicated by Western blot analysis, BEZ235@NP substantially reduced mTOR phosphorylation. This, in turn, suppressed downstream pathways and ultimately exerted an anti-proliferative and anti-activating effect on cells. Furthermore, it was observed that inhibition of the mTOR pathway stimulated T-cell autophagy. In conclusion, the strategy of intracellular delivery of BEZ235 presents promising applications for the treatment of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjia Che
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. District No. 99, Zhang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
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