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Al-Sha'er MA, Basheer HA, Taha MO. Discovery of new PKN2 inhibitory chemotypes via QSAR-guided selection of docking-based pharmacophores. Mol Divers 2023; 27:443-462. [PMID: 35507210 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 (PKN2) plays an important role in cell cycle progression, cell migration, cell adhesion and transcription activation signaling processes. In cancer, however, it plays important roles in tumor cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. PKN2 inhibitors have been shown to be promising in treating cancer. This prompted us to model this interesting target using our QSAR-guided selection of docking-based pharmacophores approach where numerous pharmacophores are extracted from docked ligand poses and allowed to compete within the context of QSAR. The optimal pharmacophore was sterically-refined, validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and used as virtual search query to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database for new promising anti-PKN2 leads of novel chemotypes. Three low micromolar hits were identified with IC50 values ranging between 9.9 and 18.6 µM. Pharmacological assays showed promising cytotoxic properties for active hits in MTT and wound healing assays against MCF-7 and PANC-1 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Al-Sha'er
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan.
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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2
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Posor Y, Kampyli C, Bilanges B, Ganguli S, Koch PA, Wallroth A, Morelli D, Jenkins M, Alliouachene S, Deltcheva E, Baum B, Haucke V, Vanhaesebroeck B. Local synthesis of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate lipid drives focal adhesion turnover. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1694-1711.e7. [PMID: 35809565 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that couple cell-matrix adhesion to cytoskeletal force transmission and signaling and to steer cell migration and collective cell behavior. Whereas proteomic changes at focal adhesions are well understood, little is known about signaling lipids in focal adhesion dynamics. Through the characterization of cells from mice with a kinase-inactivating point mutation in the class II PI3K-C2β, we find that generation of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) membrane lipid promotes focal adhesion disassembly in response to changing environmental conditions. We show that reduced growth factor signaling sensed by protein kinase N, an mTORC2 target and effector of RhoA, synergizes with the adhesion disassembly factor DEPDC1B to induce local synthesis of PtdIns(3,4)P2 by PI3K-C2β. PtdIns(3,4)P2 then promotes turnover of RhoA-dependent stress fibers by recruiting the PtdIns(3,4)P2-dependent RhoA-GTPase-activating protein ARAP3. Our findings uncover a pathway by which cessation of growth factor signaling facilitates cell-matrix adhesion disassembly via a phosphoinositide lipid switch.
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Murray ER, Menezes S, Henry JC, Williams JL, Alba-Castellón L, Baskaran P, Quétier I, Desai A, Marshall JJT, Rosewell I, Tatari M, Rajeeve V, Khan F, Wang J, Kotantaki P, Tyler EJ, Singh N, Reader CS, Carter EP, Hodivala-Dilke K, Grose RP, Kocher HM, Gavara N, Pearce O, Cutillas P, Marshall JF, Cameron AJM. Disruption of pancreatic stellate cell myofibroblast phenotype promotes pancreatic tumor invasion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110227. [PMID: 35081338 PMCID: PMC8810397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), differentiation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) into myofibroblast-like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can both promote and suppress tumor progression. Here, we show that the Rho effector protein kinase N2 (PKN2) is critical for PSC myofibroblast differentiation. Loss of PKN2 is associated with reduced PSC proliferation, contractility, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) stress fibers. In spheroid co-cultures with PDAC cells, loss of PKN2 prevents PSC invasion but, counter-intuitively, promotes invasive cancer cell outgrowth. PKN2 deletion induces a myofibroblast to inflammatory CAF switch in the PSC matrisome signature both in vitro and in vivo. Further, deletion of PKN2 in the pancreatic stroma induces more locally invasive, orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that a PKN2KO matrisome signature predicts poor outcome in pancreatic and other solid human cancers. Our data indicate that suppressing PSC myofibroblast function can limit important stromal tumor-suppressive mechanisms, while promoting a switch to a cancer-supporting CAF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Murray
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shinelle Menezes
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jack C Henry
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Josie L Williams
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lorena Alba-Castellón
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Priththivika Baskaran
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ivan Quétier
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ami Desai
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jacqueline J T Marshall
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian Rosewell
- Transgenic Services, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marianthi Tatari
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Faraz Khan
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Panoraia Kotantaki
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eleanor J Tyler
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Namrata Singh
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire S Reader
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Edward P Carter
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Richard P Grose
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Nuria Gavara
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Angus J M Cameron
- Kinase Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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4
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Li J, Dong W, Jiang Q, Zhang F, Dong H. LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:311-323. [PMID: 33879018 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1905138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, gastric cancer (GC) ranks first in the incidence of all malignant tumors. With high recurrence and distant metastasis, GC has caused considerable mortalities. LncRNA long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 668 (LINC00668) has been reported to be upregulated in GC cells and predict poor prognosis of GC patients. However, the mechanism of LINC00668 has not been fully investigated in GC. This study aimed to investigate the role of LINC00668 in GC. We found that LINC00668 level was upregulated in GC tissue and cells and predicted poor prognosis. Functionally, LINC00668 knockdown suppressed GC cell migration and invasion. Additionally, LINC00668 knockdown inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. PKN2 exerts similar effects with LINC00668 in GC cells. LINC00668 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, HuR was predicted to bind with LINC00668 and protein kinase N2 (PKN2). RNA pull-down assays validated the binding between HuR and LINC00668 (or PKN2). Moreover, either silencing of LINC00668 or HuR could decrease PKN2 mRNA stability or reduce PKN2 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, PKN2 expression was positively correlated with LINC00668 expression and HuR expression in GC tissues, and HuR expression was positively associated with LINC00668 expression in GC tissues. Finally, rescue assays confirmed that the suppressive effect of LINC00668 silencing on cell migration, invasion, and EMT process was reversed by PKN2 overexpression or HuR upregulation. In conclusion, LINC00668 cooperated with HuR-dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis, which may provide a potential novel insight for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutang Li
- Hongqiao International Research Institution, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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5
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Lin X, Han L, Gu C, Lai Y, Lai Q, Li Q, He C, Meng Y, Pan L, Liu S, Li A. MiR-452-5p promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating an ERK/MAPK positive feedback loop. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7608-7626. [PMID: 33658394 PMCID: PMC7993669 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-452-5p plays an essential role in the development of a variety of tumors, but little is known about its biological function and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The expression levels of miR-452-5p in CRC tissues and cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Besides, the biological effects of miR-452-5p on CRC were investigated by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunecipitation assay, western blotting and recovery experiments were implemented to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. RESULTS The expression level of miR-452-5p was up-regulated in CRC tissues. MiR-452-5p promoted CRC cell proliferation, cell cycle transition and chemoresistance, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-452-5p directly targeted PKN2 and DUSP6 and subsequently activated the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, and it was transcriptionally regulated by c-Jun. CONCLUSION To conclude, miR-452-5p expression is up-regulated in CRC, which promotes the progression of CRC by activating the miR-452-5p-PKN2/DUSP6-c-Jun positive feedback loop. These findings indicate that miR-452-5p may act as a potential therapeutic target and clinical response biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncai Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Ai Y, Tang Z, Zou C, Wei H, Wu S, Huang D. circ_SEPT9, a newly identified circular RNA, promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression through miR-1225/ PKN2 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13266-13277. [PMID: 33090705 PMCID: PMC7701517 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a newly discovered class of endogenous non-coding RNAs which are widely expressed and play important roles in disease progression. However, the function of circRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remains largely unknown. In this research, we found that circ_SEPT9 was highly expressed in OSCC cell lines and tumour tissues. Results showed that circ_SEPT9 promoted OSCC proliferation and tumour growth. And, circ_SEPT9 also enhanced the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Mechanically, we found that circ_SEPT9 acted as a sponge for miR-1225 to rescue PKN2 expression in OSCC cells. Inhibition of circ_SEPT9/miR-1225/PKN2 pathway could effectively block the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC cells. Our study provides strong evidence that circ_SEPT9/miR-1225/PKN2 axis is a promising target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Ai
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haigang Wei
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dahong Huang
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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8
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Scott F, Fala AM, Pennicott LE, Reuillon TD, Massirer KB, Elkins JM, Ward SE. Development of 2-(4-pyridyl)-benzimidazoles as PKN2 chemical tools to probe cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127040. [PMID: 32085971 PMCID: PMC7078758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are signalling proteins which have proven to be successful targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases, predominantly in cancers. However, only a small proportion of kinases (<20%) have been investigated for their therapeutic viability, likely due to the lack of available chemical tools across the kinome. In this work we describe initial efforts in the development of a selective chemical tool for protein kinase N2 (PKN2), a relatively unexplored kinase of interest in several types of cancer. The most successful compound, 5, has a measured IC50 of 0.064 μM against PKN2, with ca. 17-fold selectivity over close homologue, PKN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Scott
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Angela M Fala
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Lewis E Pennicott
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Tristan D Reuillon
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon E Ward
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
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9
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Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Xu J, Yang M, Chen P, Xu W, Zhao J, Geng L, Gong S. PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:13. [PMID: 29368606 PMCID: PMC5784528 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase N2 (PKN2) is a PKC-related serine/threonine-protein kinase. PKN2 is required for tumor cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. However, the functional role of PKN2 in regulating tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization in colon cancer has never been reported. METHODS PKN2 expression in human colon cancer tissues was examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC). M1/M2 macrophage signatures were evaluated by RT-PCR, IHC and flow cytometry. The effects of PKN2 on tumor growth and TAM polarization were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. PKN2 targeted cytokines/pathway were analyzed by gene expression analysis and further confirmed by PCR, luciferase assay or western blot. Correlations between PKN2 and transcriptional factors for IL4 and IL10 were confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. The catalytic activities of PKN2 and DUSP6 were determined by kinase activity assay. Interactions between PKN2 and DUSP6 were confirmed by Co-IP. RESULTS The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells predicted a favorable prognosis and was associated with low M2 macrophage content in human colon cancer tissues. PKN2 inhibited tumor growth in mice xenograft model and inhibited M2 phenotype polarization both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PKN2 suppresses the expression of IL4 and IL10 from colon cancer cells by inhibiting Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which is required for phosphorylation and binding of CREB and Elk-1 to the promoters of IL4 and IL10. DUSP6, which is phosphorylated and activated through direct association with PKN2, suppresses Erk1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells suppresses tumor associated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth. Targeting PKN2 signaling pathway may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Liver Tumor Center, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Min Yang
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
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Guen VJ, Gamble C, Perez DE, Bourassa S, Zappel H, Gärtner J, Lees JA, Colas P. STAR syndrome-associated CDK10/Cyclin M regulates actin network architecture and ciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:678-88. [PMID: 27104747 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1147632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK10/CycM is a protein kinase deficient in STAR (toe Syndactyly, Telecanthus and Anogenital and Renal malformations) syndrome, which results from mutations in the X-linked FAM58A gene encoding Cyclin M. The biological functions of CDK10/CycM and etiology of STAR syndrome are poorly understood. Here, we report that deficiency of CDK10/Cyclin M promotes assembly and elongation of primary cilia. We establish that this reflects a key role for CDK10/Cyclin M in regulation of actin network organization, which is known to govern ciliogenesis. In an unbiased screen, we identified the RhoA-associated kinase PKN2 as a CDK10/CycM phosphorylation substrate. We establish that PKN2 is a bone fide regulator of ciliogenesis, acting in a similar manner to CDK10/CycM. We discovered that CDK10/Cyclin M binds and phosphorylates PKN2 on threonines 121 and 124, within PKN2's core RhoA-binding domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deficiencies in CDK10/CycM or PKN2, or expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of PKN2, destabilize both the RhoA protein and the actin network architecture. Importantly, we established that ectopic expression of RhoA is sufficient to override the induction of ciliogenesis resulting from CDK10/CycM knockdown, indicating that RhoA regulation is critical for CDK10/CycM's negative effect on ciliogenesis. Finally, we show that kidney sections from a STAR patient display dilated renal tubules and abnormal, elongated cilia. Altogether, these results reveal CDK10/CycM as a key regulator of actin dynamics and a suppressor of ciliogenesis through phosphorylation of PKN2 and promotion of RhoA signaling. Moreover, they suggest that STAR syndrome is a ciliopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Guen
- a P2I2 group, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) , Roscoff , France.,b David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Carly Gamble
- a P2I2 group, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) , Roscoff , France
| | - Dahlia E Perez
- b David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- c Proteomics Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) , Québec , Canada
| | - Hildegard Zappel
- d Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Neuropediatrics , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- d Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Neuropediatrics , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- b David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Pierre Colas
- a P2I2 group, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) , Roscoff , France
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