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Wang S, Zhang S, Cheng L. Drivers and Decoupling Effects of PM 2.5 Emissions in China: An Application of the Generalized Divisia Index. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:921. [PMID: 36673680 PMCID: PMC9859606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although economic growth brings abundant material wealth, it is also associated with serious PM2.5 pollution. Decoupling PM2.5 emissions from economic development is important for China's long-term sustainable development. In this paper, the generalized Divisia index method (GDIM) is extended by introducing innovation indicators to investigate the main drivers of PM2.5 pollution in China and its four subregions from 2008 to 2017. Afterwards, a GDIM-based decoupling index is developed to examine the decoupling states between PM2.5 emissions and economic growth and to identify the main factors leading to decoupling. The obtained results show that: (1) Innovation input scale and GDP are the main drivers for increases in PM2.5 emissions, while innovation input PM2.5 intensity, emission intensity, and emission coefficient are the main reasons for reductions in PM2.5 pollution. (2) China and its four subregions show general upward trends in the decoupling index, and their decoupling states turn from weak decoupling to strong decoupling. (3) Innovation input PM2.5 intensity, emission intensity, and emission coefficient contribute largely to the decoupling of PM2.5 emissions. Overall, this paper provides valuable information for mitigating haze pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjiu Wang
- School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Political Science and Law, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
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Li J, Ding T, He W. Socio-economic driving forces of PM2.5 emission in China: a global meta-frontier-production-theoretical decomposition analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:77565-77579. [PMID: 35676583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a bad output of China's improved industrialization and rapid economic development, which seriously threatens people's health and greatly hinders the sustainable economic development. Studying the socio-economic driving factors of PM2.5 emissions is of great significance for reducing air pollution and realizing green development. Therefore, based on the simultaneous consideration of space technology differences and time technology progress, this paper constructs an index decomposition analysis-production-theoretical decomposition analysis decomposition model under the global meta-frontier-production theory. Then, we decompose the PM2.5 emission concentration of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018 into nine driving factors and discuss the impact of different factors from the national, regional, and provincial levels. The results reveal that economic activity is still the main factor to promote the increase of PM2.5 emission, but its effect decreases, while the inhibitory effect of catch-up effect on PM2.5 concentration increases gradually. In addition, economic activities have the greatest impact on the East China, while the time catch-up effect has a more significant impact on the Central and Western China. Moreover, the influence of energy intensity effect, space technology catch-up effect, and time technology catch-up effect is gradually increasing, which have become important factors to inhibit the PM2.5 emission. Based on the above results, we put forward relevant policy suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Ding
- School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun He
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- The Institute of Low Carbon Operations Strategy for Beijing Enterprises, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Xu SC, Zhou YF, Feng C, Wang Y, Li YF. What factors influence PM 2.5 emissions in China? An analysis of regional differences using a combined method of data envelopment analysis and logarithmic mean Divisia index. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:34234-34249. [PMID: 32557036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study uses a combined data envelopment analysis and logarithmic mean Divisia index (DEA-LMDI) method to decompose affecting factors for PM2.5 emissions into effects related to the potential emission intensity (PEI), environmental efficiency and technology, production efficiency and technology, regional economic structure, and national economic growth, and investigates differences in the effects on PM2.5 emissions, considering the diversity among different areas and periods in China. This study provides a new insight in the decomposition method, which can decompose the emissions into new effects compared with the exiting studies. This study reveals that the regional environmental-based technology (EBT) effect is the key curbing factor for PM2.5 emissions, followed by the regional PEI effect. The curbing effect of regional EBT on PM2.5 emissions is strong in East China and weak in Northeast China. The environment-oriented scale efficiency (ESE), environment-oriented management efficiency (EME), production-oriented scale efficiency (PSE), production-oriented management efficiency (PME), and production-based technology (PBT) had relatively small effects on PM2.5 emissions on the whole. The effects differ among different areas and periods in China. The emission reduction potential of these efficiency effects has not been realized. The national economic growth greatly promotes PM2.5 emissions. The regional economic structure effect slightly increases PM2.5 emissions because of the unbalanced development of regional economy. The relative policy suggestions are put forward based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chun Xu
- Management School, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhou
- Management School, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Chao Feng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Management School, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yun-Fan Li
- Management School, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Pata UK. How is COVID-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test. Air Qual Atmos Health 2020; 13:1149-1155. [PMID: 32837615 PMCID: PMC7362316 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM2.5 emissions in eight selected US cities with populations of more than 1 million. To this end, the study employs an asymmetric Fourier causality test for the period of January 15, 2020 to May 4, 2020. The outcomes indicate that positive shocks in COVID-19 deaths cause negative shocks in PM2.5 emissions for New York, San Diego, and San Jose. Moreover, in terms of cases, positive shocks in COVID-19 cause negative shocks in PM2.5 emissions for Los Angeles, Chicago, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, and San Jose. Overall, the findings of the study highlight that the pandemic reduces environmental pressure in the largest cities of the USA. This implies that one of the rare positive effects of the virus is to reduce air pollution. Therefore, for a better environment, US citizens should review the impact of current production and consumption activities on anthropogenic environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Korkut Pata
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000 Merkez/Osmaniye, Turkey
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Lin P, He W, Nie L, Schauer JJ, Wang Y, Yang S, Zhang Y. Comparison of PM 2.5 emission rates and source profiles for traditional Chinese cooking styles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21239-21252. [PMID: 31115821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of restaurants is increasing rapidly in recent years, especially in urban cities with dense populations. Particulate matter emitted from commercial and residential cooking is a significant contributor to both indoor and outdoor aerosols. The PM2.5 emission rates and source profiles are impacted by many factors (cooking method, food type, oil type, fuel type, additives, cooking styles, cooking temperature, source surface area, pan, and ventilation) discussed in previous studies. To determine which cooking activities are most influential on PM2.5 emissions and work towards cleaner cooking, an experiment design based on multi-factor and level orthogonal tests was conducted in a laboratory that is specifically designed to resemble a professional restaurant kitchen. In this cooking test, four main parameters (the proportion of meat in ingredients, flavor, cooking technique, oil type) were chosen and five levels for each parameter were selected to build up 25 experimental dishes. Concentrations of PM2.5 emission rates, organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC), water-soluble ions, elements, and main organic species (PAHs, n-alkanes, alkanoic acids, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, polysaccharides, and sterols) were investigated across 25 cooking tests. The statistical significance of the data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with ranges calculated to determine the influence orders of the 4 parameters. The PM2.5 emission rates of 25 experimental dishes ranged from 0.1 to 9.2 g/kg of ingredients. OC, EC, water-soluble ions (WSI), and elements accounted for 10.49-94.85%, 0-1.74%, 10.09-40.03%, and 0.04-3.93% of the total PM2.5, respectively. Fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, n-alkanes, alkanoic acids, and sterols were the most abundant organic species and accounted for 2.32-93.04%, 0.84-60.36%, 0-45.05%, and 0-25.42% of total PM2.5, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 4 parameters on PM2.5 emission rates, while a significant difference was found in WSI, elements, n-alkanes, and dicarboxylic acids according to ANOVA. Cooking technique was found to be the most influential factor for PM2.5 source profiles, followed by the proportion of meat in ingredients and oil type which resulted in significant difference of 183.19, 185.14, and 115.08 g/kg of total PM2.5 for dicarboxylic acids, n-alkanes, and WSI, respectively. Strong correlations were found among PM2.5 and OC (r = 0.854), OC and sterols (r = 0.919), PAHs and n-alkanes (r = 0.850), alkanoic acids and fatty acids (r = 0.877), and many other species of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchuan Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanqing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
| | - Yuqin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Shujian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Meng J, Liu J, Xu Y, Guan D, Liu Z, Huang Y, Tao S. Globalization and pollution: tele-connecting local primary PM 2.5 emissions to global consumption. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160380. [PMID: 27956874 PMCID: PMC5134305 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globalization pushes production and consumption to geographically diverse locations and generates a variety of sizeable opportunities and challenges. The distribution and associated effects of short-lived primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a representative of local pollution, are significantly affected by the consumption through global supply chain. Tele-connection is used here to represent the link between production and consumption activity at large distances. In this study, we develop a global consumption-based primary PM2.5 emission inventory to track primary PM2.5 emissions embodied in the supply chain and evaluate the extent to which local PM2.5 emissions are triggered by international trade. We further adopt consumption-based accounting and identify the global original source that produced the emissions. We find that anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions from industrial sectors accounted for 24 Tg globally in 2007; approximately 30% (7.2 Tg) of these emissions were embodied in export of products principally from Brazil, South Africa, India and China (3.8 Tg) to developed countries. Large differences (up to 10 times) in the embodied emissions intensity between net importers and exporters greatly increased total global PM2.5 emissions. Tele-connecting production and consumption activity provides valuable insights with respect to mitigating long-range transboundary air pollution and prompts concerted efforts aiming at more environmentally conscious globalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Meng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7JT, UK
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Dabo Guan
- School of International Development , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK
| | - Zhu Liu
- Resnick Sustainability Institute , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA
| | - Ye Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Centre d'Etudes Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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