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Janakiraman K, Krishnaswami V, Rajendran V, Natesan S, Kandasamy R. Novel nano therapeutic materials for the effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-recent insights. Mater Today Commun 2018; 17:200-213. [PMID: 32289062 PMCID: PMC7104012 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common complex multifactorial joint related autoimmune inflammatory disease with unknown etiology accomplished with increased cardiovascular risks. RA is characterized by the clinical findings of synovial inflammation, autoantibody production, and cartilage/bone destruction, cardiovascular, pulmonary and skeletal disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were responsible for the induction of inflammation in RA patients. Drawbacks such as poor efficacy, higher doses, frequent administration, low responsiveness, and higher cost and serious side effects were associated with the conventional dosage forms for RA treatment. Nanomedicines were recently gaining more interest towards the treatment of RA, and researchers were also focusing towards the development of various anti-inflammatory drug loaded nanoformulations with an aid to both actively/passively targeting the inflamed site to afford an effective treatment regimen for RA. Alterations in the surface area and nanoscale size of the nanoformulations elicit beneficial physical and chemical properties for better pharmacological activities. These drug loaded nanoformulations may enhances the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs, improves the bioavailability, affords targetability and may improve the therapeutic activity. In this regimen, the present review focus towards the novel nanoparticulate formulations (nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanomicelles, and nanocapsules) utilized for the treatment of RA. The recent advancements such as siRNA, peptide and targeted based nanoparticulate systems for RA treatment were also discussed. Special emphasis was provided regarding the pathophysiology, prevalence and symptoms towards the development of RA.
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Key Words
- A-SLN, actarit loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
- ACF-SLN, aceclofenac loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
- AIA, antigen-induced arthritis
- ALP, alkaline phosphate
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- C-SLN, curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
- CEL-TS-LN, celecoxib loaded tristearin based lipidic nanoparticles
- CFA, complete freund’s adjuvant
- CHNP, chitosan nanoparticle
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- COX- 1, cyclooxygenase - 1
- COX- 2, cyclooxygenase - 2
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DEX-PMs, dexamethasone-loaded polymeric micelles
- DMARD, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
- FA, folic acid
- FR-β, folate receptor-beta
- GC, glucocorticoid
- HA- AuNP/TCZ, hyaluronate gold nanoparticle/Tocilizumab
- HEKcells, human embryonic kidney cells
- HSA-NCs, human serum albumin nanocapsules
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein cells
- IL, interleukin
- IND-NMs, indomethacin loaded polymeric micelles
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- Ind-NCs, indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules
- Inflammation
- LDE, lipidic nanoemulsion
- LX-NMs, larnoxicam loaded nanomicelles
- MTX-LCNCs, methotrexate-loaded lipidic core nanocapsules
- NSAIDs, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Nanoformulation
- Nanoparticles
- P-SLN, piperine loaded solid lipid nanoparticle
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PCL-PEG, poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone)
- PSA, polysialic acid
- PSA-PCL-CyA-NMs, polysialic acid- polycaprolactone cyclosporine A nanomicelles
- Pir-SLN, piroxicam solid lipid nanoparticles
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RGD, arginine-glycine aspartic acid
- RNAi, RNA interference
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- TAC-HSA-NPs, tacrolimus human serum albumin nanoparticle
- TAC-LCNCs, tacrolimus loaded lipidic core nanocapsules
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Janakiraman
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries (NFDD), Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries (NFDD), Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Rajendran
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries (NFDD), Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Natesan
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries (NFDD), Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries (NFDD), Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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