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Nishida K, Takahashi S, Sakaguchi H, Sato S, Kanai M, Shiraki A, Wakabayashi T, Hara C, Fukushima Y, Sakimoto S, Sayanagi K, Kawasaki R, Nishida K. Impact of photoreceptor density in a 3D simulation of panretinal laser photocoagulation. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33962561 PMCID: PMC8103585 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), the outer retina, especially the photoreceptors, are destroyed. During such procedures, the impact of the retinal photocoagulation, which is performed in the same photocoagulated area, may change if it is applied to different locations with different photoreceptor densities. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of photoreceptor density on PRP. Methods We constructed a three-dimensional (3D) average distribution of photoreceptors with 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software using previously derived photoreceptor density data and calculated the number of photoreceptors destroyed by scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP (size 400-μm on the retina, spacing 1.0 spot) using a geometry-based simulation. To investigate the impact of photoreceptor density on PRP, we calculated the ratio of the number of photoreceptors destroyed to the total number of photoreceptors, termed the photoreceptor destruction index. Results In this 3D simulation, the total number of photoreceptors was 96,571,900. The total number of photoreceptors destroyed by scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP were 15,608,200 and 19,120,600, respectively, and the respective photoreceptor destruction indexes were 16.2 and 19.8%, respectively. Conclusions Scatter PRP is expected to have 4/5 of the number of photoreceptors destroyed by full-scatter PRP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-01945-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shizuka Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sakaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Kanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikako Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Sayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, E-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Eitle JF, Kupferschmid S. [Ocular ischemic syndrome : An important differential diagnosis]. Ophthalmologe 2020; 118:948-952. [PMID: 32975660 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular ischemic syndrome is a rare disease, which must be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of painful loss of vision. CASE REPORT A 63-year-old male patient presented as an emergency in our consultation with hyphemia and decompensated intraocular pressure of the right eye. The right eye had been painful for 3 weeks. Apart from nicotine abuse, no relevant pre-existing medical conditions were known. With suspected iritis, the initial treatment was performed with eye drops containing a corticosteroid. After initial improvement in symptoms, an acute deterioration occurred with decrease in visual acuity and increased pain starting 2 days previously. Biomicroscopic examination revealed rubeosis iridis with hyphemia. Due to the hyphemia the view of the fundus was greatly reduced but there were no indications for retinal bleeding. In gonioscopy a chamber angle closure was evident. Fluorescence angiography showed a significantly longer arm-retina time, a delayed arteriovenous passage, peripheral vascular leaks and reduced fluorescence of the choroid. An ocular ischemic syndrome was suspected, therefore, duplex sonography of the carotid arteries and computed tomography angiography were performed and showed complete stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and moderate stenosis of the left internal carotid artery. An intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF and panretinal laser photocoagulation were carried out. Furthermore, an evaluation of the cardiovascular risk factors was initiated as part of the interdisciplinary investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Eitle
- Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
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