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Rendell VR, Pauli EM. Parastomal Hernia Repair. Surg Clin North Am 2023; 103:993-1010. [PMID: 37709401 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Parastomal hernias (PHs) are common and contribute to significant patient morbidity. Despite 45 years of evolution, mesh-based PH repairs continue to be challenging to perform and remain associated with high rates of postoperative complications and recurrences. In this article, the authors summarize the critical factors to consider when evaluating a patient for PH repair. The authors provide an overview of the current techniques for repair, including both open and minimally invasive approaches. The authors detail the mesh-based repair options and review the evidence for choice of mesh to use for repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Rendell
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Eric M Pauli
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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López-Cano M, Adell-Trapé M, Verdaguer-Tremolosa M, Rodrigues-Gonçalves V, Badia-Closa J, Serra-Aracil X. Parastomal hernia prevention with permanent mesh in end colostomy: failure with late follow-up of cohorts in three randomized trials. Hernia 2023; 27:657-664. [PMID: 36966221 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short-term results have been reported regarding parastomal hernia (PH) prevention with a permanent mesh. Long-term results are scarce. The objective was to assess the long-term PH occurrence after a prophylactic synthetic non-absorbable mesh. METHODS Long-term data of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected. The primary outcome was the detection of PH based exclusively on a radiological diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) performed during the long-term follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the comparison of time to diagnosis of PH according to the presence of mesh vs. no-mesh and the technique of mesh insertion: open retromuscular, laparoscopic keyhole, and laparoscopic modified Sugarbaker. RESULTS We studied 121 patients (87 men, median age 70 years), 82 (67.8%) of which developed a PH. The median overall length of follow-up was 48.5 months [interquartile range (IQR) 14.4-104.9], with a median time until PH diagnosis of 17.7 months (IQR 9.3-49.0). The survival analysis did not show significant differences in the time to development of a PH according to the presence or absence of a prophylactic mesh neither in the overall study population (log-rank, P = 0.094) nor in the groups of each technique of mesh insertion, although according to the surgical technique, a higher reduction in the appearance of PH for the open retromuscular technique was found (log-rank, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In the long-term follow-up placement of a non-absorbable synthetic prophylactic mesh in the context of an elective end colostomy does not seem effective for preventing PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Cano
- Abdominal Wall Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Abdominal Wall Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Adell-Trapé
- Abdominal Wall Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Verdaguer-Tremolosa
- Abdominal Wall Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Rodrigues-Gonçalves
- Abdominal Wall Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Badia-Closa
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Serra-Aracil
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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Winsnes A, Ivarsson ML, Falk P, Gunnarsson U, Strigård K. Similar collagen distribution in full-thickness skin grafts in intraperitoneal and onlay positions, an experimental mice-study. Hernia 2022; 26:1695-1705. [PMID: 36048398 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-022-02664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autologous full-thickness skin grafting (FTSG) has the potential to become an option in abdominal wall repair. An understanding of tissue remodelling in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial as this interplay determines such parameters as tissue strength and flexibility. This cross-sectional preclinical laboratory study in mice provides information on the distribution of collagen types and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the ECM of FTSGs in the intraperitoneal and onlay positions compared with internal controls. The aim was to evaluate morphologic changes after tissue remodelling and repair in FTSGs applied in the two positions and to detect any adverse host response. METHODS ECM components were evaluated as follows: qualitative examination of collagen bundle thickness using Picrosirius Red staining (collagen types I, III and IV); and evaluation of collagen types IV and V, as well as MMPs 1, 8 and 9 using immunohistochemical staining. Full-thickness grafts transplanted between female twin mice were examined as this best mimics autologous transplantation. RESULTS At 8 weeks, FTSGs in the intraperitoneal position did not show any noticeable differences in morphologic appearance to those in the onlay position. Both intraperitoneal and onlay FTSGs showed increases in the amount of thick collagen bundles compared to internal controls. No correlation was seen between distribution of MMPs 1, 8 or 9 and distribution of collagen types I, III, IV or V. CONCLUSION This preclinical study shows that FTSGs in both intraperitoneal and onlay positions are possible application site options and, by extension, promising application site options for abdominal wall reinforcement in hernia surgery. Clinical studies in humans are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Winsnes
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Daniel Naezéns väg, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M-L Ivarsson
- Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Falk
- Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Daniel Naezéns väg, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Daniel Naezéns väg, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Sahebally SM, Lim TZ, Azmir AA, Lu CT, Doudle M, Naik A, Nolan G, Papen MV. Prophylactic mesh placement at index permanent end colostomy creation to prevent parastomal hernia-an updated meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:2007-2016. [PMID: 33877438 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate persists regarding the efficacy of prophylactic mesh insertion (PMI) at index permanent stoma creation to reduce the rate of parastomal hernia (PSH). This meta-analysis aimed to appraise all the latest evidence from newly published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PMI for PSH prevention. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until November 2020. All RCTs that reported on PMI at end colostomy creation with ≥ 12 months follow-up were included. The primary objective was the rate of clinical and radiological PSH while secondary objectives included number of PSH requiring repair and stoma (or mesh)-related complications. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS Eleven RCTs were included capturing 1097 patients. The mean (SD) age was 67.9 (±9.4) years. On random effects analysis, prophylactic mesh appeared to reduce the rate of both clinical (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.61, p = 0.002) and radiological (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.65, p = 0.0002) PSH. However, there was no difference in number of PSH requiring repair or stoma-related complications. On sensitivity analysis, when focusing on low-risk of bias studies, the benefit of prophylactic mesh in the retrorectus space was lost for both clinical (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.62 to 1.51, p = 0.89) and radiological PSH (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.46 to 1.18, p = 0.20). CONCLUSION PMI may reduce the rate of subsequent PSH. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings and to establish the optimal mesh position and shape before definite recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheel M Sahebally
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia. .,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Titus Z Lim
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Alisha A Azmir
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Cu Tai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Mark Doudle
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Arun Naik
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Gregory Nolan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Michael Von Papen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
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López-Cano M, Pereira JA, Rodrigues-Gonçalves V, Verdaguer-Tremolosa M, Hernández-Granados P, Bravo-Salvá A. Parestomal hernia repair. Prospective observational study based on the Spanish Registry of Incisional Hernia (EVEREG). Cir Esp 2021; 99:527-534. [PMID: 34253496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The results of parastomal hernia (PH) repair based on data from registries are scarce. The objective of this work is to analyze the data collected on PH in the National Registry of Incisional Hernia (EVEREG) and thus evaluate current practices and results in PH repair. METHODS Data from the PH cohort recorded in the period from July 2012 to June 2018 are analyzed. Complications, recurrences and associated factors of the entire PH cohort are analyzed, regardless of the type of stoma they are associated with. Subsequently, the same PH group analysis was performed in relation to a colostomy (larger group). RESULTS 353 PH were studied. Of these, 259 (73%) were PH in the context of a terminal colostomy, 74 (21%) in the context of a terminal ileostomy, and 20 (6%) in the context of a ureteroileostomy (Bricker). The global mean age was 68.7 ± 11.1 years and 135 (38%) patients were female. The open approach and elective surgery were predominant (78% and 92% respectively); 99% were repaired with a non-absorbable synthetic mesh. Global postoperative complications were high (30.6%). As well as, the global recurrence (27.5%) after a mean follow-up of 9.4 months. CONCLUSIONS PH repair is infrequent. PH surgery seems to be associated with a high percentage of postoperative complications and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López-Cano
- Unidad de Cirugía de la Pared Abdominal, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Pereira
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Departament de Cièncias Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Rodrigues-Gonçalves
- Unidad de Cirugía de la Pared Abdominal, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Verdaguer-Tremolosa
- Unidad de Cirugía de la Pared Abdominal, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Bravo-Salvá
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Departament de Cièncias Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Background Aspiring endoscopic surgery with extraperitoneal mesh application to avoid adhesion and pain from mesh fixation, we adopted the principles of the open Pauli repair of parastomal hernia (PSH). We have termed the procedure ePauli repair. The aim of this account is to inform about feasibility and adverse reactions. Methods Patients with PSH selected for ePauli repair with transversus abdominis release (TAR) were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Patients were operated with laparoscopic or robotic assistance and endoscopic Rives-Stoppa repair in cases with concomitant midline hernia. Coated meshes or a buffer mesh was used in the retromuscular pocket for this modification of the Sugarbaker principle. Results Fifteen patients were included: six patients were operated laparoscopically and nine patients with robotic assistance. The median age of the stomas was 33 months (7–313). Five PSHs were recurrent after previous repairs. Median operating time without midline hernia repair was 156 min (107–233) and with midline hernia repair 241 min (176–286). One serosa lesion arose during operation, prompting intraoperative revision of the ostomy without postoperative morbidity. Two patients had postoperative obstruction and were readmitted to operation: one with multiple adhesions and one had kinking of the stoma bowel caused by insufficient incision of the transversalis fascia. No infections or seromas have been observed. One patient had discoloring of the flank with spontaneous remission, and one patient had recurrence. Median postoperative admission time was 3 days (1–19). Median follow-up is 10 months (0–27). Conclusions ePauli repair is technically challenging but feasible. With our limited experience, we are encouraged with the pain, complication, and functional summary after ePauli repair and hopeful for the recurrence profile. ePauli/TAR is not for every patient or every surgeon and whether it should be restrained to recurrent PSH or be offered as first-line treatment for PSH is disputable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00464-020-08192-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roland Lambrecht
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Furnesvegen 26, N-2380, Brumunddal, Norway.
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Ayuso SA, Shao JM, Deerenberg EB, Elhage SA, George MB, Heniford BT, Augenstein VA. Robotic Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair: technique and outcomes. Hernia 2020; 25:809-815. [PMID: 33185770 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a novel technique for the repair of parastomal hernias. METHODS A total of 15 patients underwent parastomal hernia repair. A robotic Sugarbaker technique was utilized for repair. The fascial defect was closed prior to robotic intraperitoneal placement of the mesh. Baseline demographics of the patients were obtained, and intra-operative and post-operative outcomes were tracked. RESULTS The etiology of the ostomies was oncologic in all but three patients. Five of the stomas were urostomies (33.3%). Patient characteristics were as follows: age 64.9.1 ± 9.3 years, BMI 30.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2, smoking history 60.0%, and diabetes 6.7%. The mean size of the hernia defect was 46.0 ± 40.1 cm2 with a mesh size of 372.0 ± 101.2 cm2. The mean operative time was 182.0 ± 51.9 min. In seven patients, an inferolateral preperitoneal flap was created for mesh placement. Intraoperatively, only one enterotomy was made during dissection, which was repaired without complication. The mean length of stay was 4.2 ± 1.9 days. There was only one hernia recurrence (6.7%). There were no wound complications, surgical site infections, or mesh infections. A mean follow-up time of 14.2 ± 9.4 months was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Robotic Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair is a safe and effective technique. The results demonstrate the feasibility of fascial closure with this technique and a low recurrence rate. The authors propose this technique should be widely considered for parastomal hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ayuso
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - J M Shao
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - E B Deerenberg
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - S A Elhage
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - M B George
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - B T Heniford
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - V A Augenstein
- Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive Suite 300, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA.
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López-Cano M, Pereira JA, Rodrigues-Gonçalves V, Verdaguer-Tremolosa M, Hernández-Granados P, Bravo-Salvá A; miembros del registro EVEREG., Miembros del grupo EVEREG. Parestomal hernia repair. Prospective observational study based on the Spanish Registry of Incisional Hernia (EVEREG). Cir Esp 2021; 99:527-34. [PMID: 32912623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The results of parastomal hernia (PH) repair based on data from registries are scarce. The objective of this work is to analyze the data collected on PH in the National Registry of Incisional Hernia (EVEREG) and thus evaluate current practices and results in PH repair. METHODS Data from the PH cohort recorded in the period from July 2012 to June 2018 are analyzed. Complications, recurrences and associated factors of the entire PH cohort are analyzed, regardless of the type of stoma they are associated with. Subsequently, the same PH group analysis was performed in relation to a colostomy (larger group). RESULTS 353 PH were studied. Of these, 259 (73%) were HP in the context of a terminal colostomy, 74 (21%) in the context of a terminal ileostomy, and 20 (6%) in the context of a ureteroileostomy (Bricker). The global mean age was 68.7±11.1 years and 135 (38%) patients were female. The open approach and elective surgery were predominant (78% and 92% respectively); 99% were repaired with a non-absorbable synthetic mesh. Global postoperative complications were high (30.6%). As well as, the global recurrence (27.5%) after a mean follow-up of 9.4 months. CONCLUSIONS PH repair is infrequent. PH surgery seems to be associated with a high percentage of postoperative complications and recurrence.
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Harries RL, Daniels IR, Smart NJ. Outcomes of surgically managed recurrent parastomal hernia: the Sisyphean challenge of the hernia world. Hernia 2021; 25:133-40. [PMID: 32144507 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of a recurrent (symptomatic) parastomal hernia (PSH) presents a dilemma. The aim of this study was to review the outcome of patients who underwent a recurrent PSH repair. METHODS Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing recurrent PSH repairs at a single institution between 2010 and 2019. Primary outcome recorded was recurrence. Secondary outcomes recorded were 30-day post-operative complications, surgical site occurrence (SSO) incidence and to assess if EHS classification altered with each recurrence. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients underwent 59 recurrent PSH repairs during the study period. Median number of PSH repairs per patient from ostomy formation was 2 (2-8). Post-operative complications occurred following 52.5% of repairs. Recurrence rate for all recurrent PSH hernia repairs was 45.7%, with a median follow-up of 58 months (0-115). A trend was seen towards a shorter PSH recurrence-free survival in those who had at least two previous PSH repairs at the start of the study period when compared to those who had less. Recurrence was not associated with operative urgency, type of repair, mesh type or SSO occurrence. A significant decrease in recurrence was seen with retro-rectus mesh placement when compared to onlay (p = 0.003). EHS classification did not change between each recurrence in 70.8% of patients. CONCLUSION Recurrence rates after recurrent PSH repair are high. The recurrence-free survival was worse after the second or more attempt at repair for recurrence. Further studies are warranted to explore prophylaxis, optimal repair method, and where re-recurrence occurs, the benefit of repeated surgical intervention.
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de Smet GHJ, Lambrichts DPV, van den Hoek S, Kroese LF, Buettner S, Menon AG, Kleinrensink GJ, Lange JF. Comparison of different modalities for the diagnosis of parastomal hernia: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:199-212. [PMID: 31912267 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parastomal hernia (PSH) is a common complication following stoma formation. The incidence of PSH varies widely due to several factors including differences in diagnostic modality, observer, definition, and classification used for diagnosing PSH. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the modalities used to identify PSH. METHODS Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies reporting PSH incidence rates detected by two or more different diagnostic modalities or inter-observer variation on one diagnostic modality were included. Article selection and assessment of study quality were conducted independently by two researchers using Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018112732. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies (n = 2514 patients) were included. Nineteen studies compared CT to clinical examination with relative difference in incidence rates ranging from 0.64 to 3.0 (n = 1369). Overall, 79% of studies found an increase in incidence rate when using CT. Disagreement between CT and clinical examination ranged between 0 and 37.3% with pooled inter-modality agreement Kappa value of 0.64 (95% CI 0.52-0.77). Four studies investigated the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (n = 103). Compared with peroperative diagnosis, CT and ultrasonography both seemed accurate imaging modalities with a sensitivity of 83%. CONCLUSION CT is an accurate diagnostic modality for PSH diagnosis and increases PSH detection rates, as compared with clinical examination. Studies that specially focus on the diagnostic accuracy are needed and should aim to take patient-reported outcomes into account. A detailed description of the diagnostic approach, modality, definition, and involved observers is prerequisite for future PSH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H J de Smet
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniël P V Lambrichts
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van den Hoek
- Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard F Kroese
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand G Menon
- Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kleinrensink
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan F Lange
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Incisional and parastomal hernias are a cause of significant morbidity and have a substantial effect on quality of life and economic costs for patients and hospital systems. Although many aspects of abdominal hernias are understood, prevention is a feature that is still being realized. This article reviews the current literature and determines the utility of prophylactic mesh placement in prevention of incisional and parastomal hernias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Rhemtulla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion - 14th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles A Messa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion - 14th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabiola A Enriquez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion - 14th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William W Hope
- Department of Surgery, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, 1725 New Hanover Medical Park Drive, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - John P Fischer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion - 14th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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López-Cano M, Brandsma HT, Bury K, Hansson B, Kyle-Leinhase I, Alamino JG, Muysoms F. Prophylactic mesh to prevent parastomal hernia after end colostomy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Hernia 2016; 21:177-189. [PMID: 27995425 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-016-1563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prevention of parastomal hernia (PSH) formation is crucial, given the high prevalence and difficulties in the surgical repair of PSH. To investigate the effect of a preventive mesh in PSH formation after an end colostomy, we aimed to meta-analyze all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched five databases. For each trial, we extracted risk ratios (RRs) of the effects of mesh or no mesh. The primary outcome was incidence of PSH with a minimum follow-up of 12 months with a clinical and/or computed tomography diagnosis. RRs were combined using the random-effect model (Mantel-Haenszel). To control the risk of type I error, we performed a trial sequential analysis (TSA). RESULTS Seven RCTs with low risk of bias (451 patients) were included. Meta-analysis for primary outcome showed a significant reduction of the incidence of PSH using a mesh (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.71; P = 0.0009). Regarding TSA calculation for the primary outcome, the accrued information size (451) was 187.1% of the estimated required information size (RIS) (241). Wound infection showed no statistical differences between groups (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.39-1.54; P = 0.46). PSH repair rate showed a significant reduction in the mesh group (RR 0.28 (95% CI 0.10-0.78; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PSH prevention with mesh when creating an end colostomy reduces the incidence of PSH, the risk for subsequent PSH repair and does not increase wound infections. TSA shows that the RIS is reached for the primary outcome. Additional RCTs in the previous context are not needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Cano
- Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H-T Brandsma
- Department of Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Bury
- Department Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B Hansson
- Department of Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Kyle-Leinhase
- Department of Surgery, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J G Alamino
- Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Muysoms
- Department of Surgery, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Näsvall P, Dahlstrand U, Löwenmark T, Rutegård J, Gunnarsson U, Strigård K. Quality of life in patients with a permanent stoma after rectal cancer surgery. Qual Life Res 2016; 26:55-64. [PMID: 27444778 PMCID: PMC5243882 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is important in understanding the patient’s perspective and for decision-making in health care. HRQoL is often impaired in patients with stoma. The aim was to evaluate HRQoL in rectal cancer patients with permanent stoma compared to patients without stoma. Methods 711 patients operated for rectal cancer with abdomino-perineal resection or Hartman’s procedure and a control group (n = 275) operated with anterior resection were eligible. Four QoL questionnaires were sent by mail. Comparisons of mean values between groups were made by Student´s independent t test. Comparison was made to a Swedish background population. Results 336 patients with a stoma and 117 without stoma replied (453/986; 46 %). A bulging or a hernia around the stoma was present in 31.5 %. Operation due to parastomal hernia had been performed in 11.7 % in the stoma group. Mental health (p = 0.007), body image (p < 0.001), and physical (p = 0.016) and emotional function (p = 0.003) were inferior in patients with stoma. Fatigue (p = 0.019) and loss of appetite (p = 0.027) were also more prominent in the stoma group. Sexual function was impaired in the non-stoma group (p = 0.034). However in the stoma group, patients with a bulge/hernia had more sexual problems (p = 0.004). Pain was associated with bulge/hernia (p < 0.001) and fear for leakage decreased QoL (p < 0.001). HRQoL was impaired compared to the Swedish background population. Conclusion Overall HRQoL in patients operated for rectal cancer with permanent stoma was inferior compared to patients without stoma. In the stoma group, a bulge or a hernia around the stoma further impaired HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Näsvall
- Department of Surgery, Sunderby Hospital/Umeå University, 97180, Luleå, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ursula Dahlstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, CLINITEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thyra Löwenmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, CLINITEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Pauli EM, Juza RM, Winder JS. How I do it: novel parastomal herniorrhaphy utilizing transversus abdominis release. Hernia. 2016;20:547-552. [PMID: 27023876 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-016-1489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parastomal hernias are a complex surgical problem affecting a large number of patients. Recurrences continue to occur despite various methods of repair. We present a novel method of open parastomal hernia repair with retromuscular mesh reinforcement in a modified Sugarbaker configuration. METHODS A full mildline laparotomy is performed and all adhesions are taken down. We then perform an open parastomal hernia repair by utilizing retromuscular dissection, posterior component separation via transversus abdominis release, and lateralization of the bowel utilizing a modified Sugarbaker mesh configuration within the retromuscular space. We demonstrate this technique in a cadaveric model for illustrative purposes. DISCUSSION This repair provides the benefits of an open posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release and maintains the biomechanics of a functional abdominal wall, all while simultaneously benefitting from the advantages of mesh reinforcement in a modified Sugarbaker configuration. Our clinical experience with this novel technique to this point has been positive.
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15
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Warwick AM, Velineni R, Smart NJ, Daniels IR. Onlay parastomal hernia repair with cross-linked porcine dermal collagen biologic mesh: long-term results. Hernia 2015; 20:321-5. [PMID: 26685980 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-015-1452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal technique and mesh type for parastomal hernia repair have yet to be ascertained. Biologic meshes have been advocated in parastomal hernia repair due to purported resistance to infection in contaminated fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of additionally cross-linked acellular porcine dermal collagen mesh (Permacol) for onlay parastomal hernia repair. METHODS A retrospective review of case notes, and abdominal CT scans when available, was performed for consecutive patients who had a parastomal hernia repaired between January 2007 and May 2010. All hernias were repaired with onlay placement of the biologic mesh. Hernias were classified according to the Moreno-Matias classification where CT scans were available. RESULTS Over a 34-month period, 30 consecutive patients, median age 74 years, 17 female, underwent parastomal hernia repair using onlay biologic mesh. There were 23 paracolostomy and seven paraileostomy hernias. The hernia was primary in 26 patients. Pre-operative CT scans were available in 18 patients (Moreno-Matias Type 1 = 1, Type 2 = 4, Type 3 = 13). There was one perioperative death, and 29 patients were available for follow-up, and median duration of follow-up (either CT or clinical) was 36 months (range 3-79). Twenty-six patients developed recurrence of the parastomal hernia (89.6%), and median time to recurrence was 10 months (range 3-72),with Moreno-Matias Type 1 = 0, Type 2 = 4, Type 3 = 14, unknown = 8. Fifteen out of 26 patients have had repairs of the recurrence using a variety of techniques. Of these, 10 patients have had further recurrence. CONCLUSION Onlay repair of parastomal hernia with cross-linked porcine dermal collagen biologic mesh reinforcement has poor long-term outcomes with unacceptably high recurrence rates and should not be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Warwick
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - R Velineni
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - N J Smart
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - I R Daniels
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
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DeAsis FJ, Lapin B, Gitelis ME, Ujiki MB. Current state of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8670-8677. [PMID: 26229409 PMCID: PMC4515848 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approaches for parastomal hernia repair reported in the literature.
METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted using various combination of the following keywords: stoma repair, laparoscopic, parastomal, and hernia. Case reports, studies with less than 5 patients, and articles not written in English were excluded. Eligible studies were further scrutinized with the 2011 levels of evidence from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Two authors reviewed and analyzed each study. If there was any discrepancy between scores, the study in question was referred to another author. A meta -analysis was performed using both random and fixed-effect models. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. The primary outcome analyzed was recurrence of parastomal hernia. Secondary outcomes were mesh infection, surgical site infection, obstruction requiring reoperation, death, and other complications. Studies were grouped by operative technique where indicated. Except for recurrence, most postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort and not by approach so they were analyzed across approach.
RESULTS: Fifteen articles with a total of 469 patients were deemed eligible for review. Most postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort, and not by approach. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 1.8% (95%CI: 0.8-3.2), and there was no difference between techniques. The most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection, which was seen in 3.8% (95%CI: 2.3-5.7). Infected mesh was observed in 1.7% (95%CI: 0.7-3.1), and obstruction requiring reoperation also occurred in 1.7% (95%CI: 0.7-3.0). Other complications such as ileus, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection were noted in 16.6% (95%CI: 11.9-22.1). Eighty-one recurrences were reported overall for a recurrence rate of 17.4% (95%CI: 9.5-26.9). The recurrence rate was 10.2% (95%CI: 3.9-19.0) for the modified laparoscopic Sugarbaker approach, whereas the recurrence rate was 27.9% (95%CI: 12.3-46.9) for the keyhole approach. There were no intraoperative mortalities reported and six mortalities during the postoperative course.
CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh repair is safe and effective for treating parastomal hernia. A modified Sugarbaker approach appears to provide the best outcomes.
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