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Tosolini M, Alberoni C, Outis M, Parola AJ, Milani B, Tecilla P, Avó J. Naphthalimide-Dyes Bearing Phosphine and Phosphorylamide Moieties: Synthesis and Optical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301597. [PMID: 37377174 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
1,8-Naphthalimides (NIs) represent a class of organic dyes with interesting optical properties that has been extensively explored in the last decades in lighting devices, chemosensors, optical probes or medicinal chemistry. However, despite their remarkable potential, reports on organometallic dyes bearing NIs are scarce and virtually inexistent regarding palladium(II) complexes. Herein, we report the synthesis of NIs bearing phosphine and amine chelating moieties and the characterization of their optical properties both as single molecules and when complexed on Pd(II) ions. It is shown that the introduction of phosphine moieties in the naphthalimide core results in a marked increase in non-radiative processes, leading to a significant reduction of the emission efficiency and lifetime of these dyes, compared to amine-bearing counterparts. The complexation to Pd(II) sequesters the electronic contribution of chelating moieties, with complexes assuming an optical behavior similar to that of unsubstituted 1,8-naphthalimide. The complexation significantly increases the acidity of chelating secondary amines, giving rise to an unexpected intramolecular reaction that results in the formation of a novel 1,8-naphthalimide dye bearing a cyclic phosphorylamide moiety. The new dye exhibits good emission quantum yield, long fluorescence lifetime and sensitivity to basic media, evidencing potential for application in optical imaging and sensing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tosolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Alberoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Jorge Parola
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Barbara Milani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Tecilla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - João Avó
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Cao L, Zhu ZQ, Klimes K, Li J. Efficient and Stable Molecular-Aggregate-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Judicious Ligand Design. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101423. [PMID: 34245184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent molecular aggregates show promise in realizing efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) operating at high brightness level, which is highly desired for future lighting and display applications. Herein, four tetradentate Pd(II) complexes are prepared with judicious ligand design, and their electrochemical and photophysical properties are thoroughly examined. The studies indicate that slight structural changes of ligands can modify the hole and electron transporting capabilities, and alter the horizontal emitting dipole ratios of aggregates in amorphous film, the latter of which are sensitive to the thin-film deposition conditions including the deposition rate and the choice of the templating layer. An optimized OLED device using Pd3O8-Py5 aggregates exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.3% and a reduced efficiency roll-off with high EQEs of 36.0% and 32.5% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m-2 , respectively. Moreover, such an efficient device demonstrates a long measured LT95 (time to 95% of the initial luminance) lifetime of over 500 h with an initial brightness of 17 304 cd m-2 corresponding to an estimated LT95 lifetime of 48 246 h at 1000 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kody Klimes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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Bartáček J, Svoboda J, Kocúrik M, Pochobradský J, Čegan A, Sedlák M, Váňa J. Recent advances in palladium-catalysed asymmetric 1,4-additions of arylboronic acids to conjugated enones and chromones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1048-1085. [PMID: 34093877 PMCID: PMC8144908 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition metal (palladium)-catalysed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to conjugated enones belong to the most important and emerging strategies for the construction of C-C bonds in an asymmetric fashion. This review covers known catalytic systems used for this transformation. For clarity, we are using the type of ligand as a sorting criterion. Finally, we attempted to create a flowchart facilitating the selection of a suitable ligand for a given combination of enone and arylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bartáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocúrik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pochobradský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Čegan
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Hashemi S, Karami K, Saberi Dehkordi Z, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Esmaeili SA. Novel P,C-orthopalladated complexes containing histidine and phenylalanine amino acids: synthesis, DNA and BSA interactions, in vitro antitumoral activity and molecular docking approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:5000-5015. [PMID: 33356950 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1865202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o-tolyl)2)(histidine)] (1) and [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o tolyl)2)(phenylalanine)] (2) P,C-orthopalladated complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. To study the stability of the compounds in biological media, the complexes were incubated in Tris buffer during 10 days. The absorbance of the compounds remained constant, which confirmed the stability of the complexes in biological media. UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity studies were used to investigate the binding of the complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). These methods along with competitive binding of methylene blue (MB) DNA show that the complexes interact with DNA via groove mode. The UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry of BSA with complexes has shown an α-helix perturbation induced by a particular interaction between the metal complexes and BSA. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA with the complexes is a static process, according to the fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The experimental results of site competitive replacement with specific site markers are clear indications that the complexes bind to site I of BSA. Furthermore, both complexes showed significant selective cytotoxic activity against melanoma B16F0 and colon carcinoma C26 cancer cells as well as normal fibroblast NIH cell line. Ultimately, the binding of Pd(II) complexes to DNA and BSA was verified by molecular docking experiment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazem Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Esmaeili
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yao Z, Buck M, Bühl M. Density Functional Theory Study of Pd Aggregation on a Pyridine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayer. Chemistry 2020; 26:10555-10563. [PMID: 32428284 PMCID: PMC7497155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By using density functional theory calculations, the initial steps towards Pd metal cluster formation on a pyridine-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol on an Au(1 1 1) surface are investigated. Theoretical modelling allows the investigation of structural details of the SAM surface and the metal/SAM interface at the atomic level, which is essential for elucidating the nature of Pd-SAM and Pd-Pd interactions at the liquid/solid interface and gaining insight into the mechanism of metal nucleation in the initial stage of electrodeposition. The structural flexibility of SAM molecules was studied first and the most stable conformation was identified, planar molecules in a herringbone packing, as the model for Pd adsorption. Two binding sites are found for Pd atoms on the pyridine end group of the SAM. The strong interaction between Pd atoms and pyridines illustrates the importance of SAM functionalisation in the metal nucleation process. Consistent with an energetic driving force of approximately -0.3 eV per Pd atom towards Pd aggregation suggested by static calculations, a spontaneous Pd dimerisation is observed in ab initio molecular dynamic studies of the system. Nudged elastic band calculations suggest a potential route with a low energy barrier of 0.10 eV for the Pd atom diffusion and then dimerisation on top of the SAM layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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Deshmukh SS, Gaikwad SR, Gonnade RG, Pandole SP, Chikkali SH. Pd-Iminocarboxylate Complexes and Their Behavior in Ethylene Polymerization. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:398-405. [PMID: 31863706 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Designing co-catalyst-free late transition metal complexes for ethylene polymerization is a challenging task at the interface of organometallic and polymer chemistry. Herein, a set of new, co-catalyst-free, single-component catalytic systems for ethylene polymerization have been unraveled. Treatment of anthranilic acid with various aldehydes produced four iminocarboxylate ligands (L1-L4) in very good to excellent yield (75-92 %). The existence of 2-((2-methoxybenzylidene)amino) benzoic acid (L1) has been unambiguously demonstrated using NMR spectroscopy, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A neutral Pd-iminocarboxylate complex [{N O}PdMe(L1)] (N O=κ2 -N,O-ArCHNC6 H4 CO2 with Ar=2-MeOC6 H4 ) C1 was prepared by treating stoichiometric amount of L1.Na with palladium precursor. The identity of C1 was confirmed by 1-2D NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Along the same lines, palladium complexes C2-C4 were prepared from ligands L2-L4 respectively. In-situ high-pressure NMR investigations revealed that these Pd complexes are amenable to ethylene insertion and undergo facile β-H elimination to produce propylene. These palladium complexes were then evaluated in ethylene polymerization reaction and various reaction parameters were screened. When C1-C4 were exposed to ethylene pressures of 10-50 bar, formation of low-molecular-weight polyethylene was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satej S Deshmukh
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Shahaji R Gaikwad
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Satish P Pandole
- Central NMR facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Samir H Chikkali
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Golubev O, Turc G, Lönnberg T. Pd(2+)-mediated base pairing in oligonucleotides. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 155:36-43. [PMID: 26606291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two short glycol nucleic acid (GNA) oligonucleotides, having either a terminal or an intrachain nucleobase replaced by the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide chelate of Pd(2+), have been synthesized and their hybridization properties studied by melting temperature measurements. In the termini of a double-stranded oligonucleotide, the Pd(2+) chelates provided dramatic stabilization of the duplex relative to its metal-free counterpart, in all likelihood owing to formation of Pd(2+)-mediated base pairs between pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide and the opposing nucleobase. In contrast, no stabilization was observed when the Pd(2+) chelate was placed in the middle of the chain. Furthermore, the results could not be reproduced by adding a Pd(2+) salt in situ to the dilute oligonucleotide solutions but the palladated oligonucleotides had to be synthesized and purified prior to the hybridization studies. This behavior, presumably attributable to the relatively slow ligand-exchange reactions of Pd(2+), differs greatly from what is usually observed with more labile metal ions. The present results offer an explanation for the failure of previous attempts to incorporate Pd(2+)-mediated base pairs into oligonucleotides.
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