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Vamvoukaki G, Antoniou AI, Baltas M, Mouray E, Charneau S, Grellier P, Athanassopoulos CM. Synthesis of Novel Artemisinin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin Hybrids with Potent Antiplasmodial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:142. [PMID: 38391528 PMCID: PMC10886162 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of new hybrids combining the pharmacophore structures of artemisinin, ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin, and 7-chloroquinoline are reported in this study. The first step for all of the syntheses is the obtainment of key piperazine esters intermediates bearing the drugs ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Using these platforms, 18 final compounds were synthesized through a multistep procedure with overall yields ranging between 8 and 20%. All compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FcB1 strain. Compounds 20, 21, 22, and 28, bearing an artesunate fragment with ciprofloxacin, exhibited IC50 values in the range of 3.5-5.4 nM and excellent selectivity indices. Among the compounds bearing the artesunate moiety on the norfloxacin, two of them, 23 and 24, afforded IC50 values of 1.5 nM and 1.9 nM, respectively. They also showed excellent selectivity indices. The most potent compounds were also evaluated against the CQ-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, demonstrating that those compounds incorporating the artesunate fragment were the most potent. Finally, the combination of artesunate with either ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin moieties in a single molecular entity proved to substantially enhance the activity and selectivity when compared to the administration of the unconjugated counterparts artesunate/ciprofloxacin and artesunate/norfloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vamvoukaki
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Antonia I Antoniou
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michel Baltas
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie, de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, CEDEX 4, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Mouray
- MCAM, UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 63 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Charneau
- MCAM, UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 63 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- MCAM, UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 63 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
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