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Williams LM, Cao S. Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108605. [PMID: 38367866 PMCID: PMC10985132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as key players in the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health. Two major classes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, are recognized to regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. Given that many human diseases are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and consequent reductions in microbial metabolite production, the administration of these metabolites represents a direct, multi-targeted treatment. While a multitude of preclinical studies showcase the therapeutic potential of both SCFAs and Trp metabolites, they often rely on high doses and frequent dosing regimens to achieve systemic effects, thereby constraining their clinical applicability. To address these limitations, a variety of pharmaceutical formulations approaches that enable targeted, delayed, and/or sustained microbial metabolite delivery have been developed. These approaches, including enteric encapsulations, esterification to dietary fiber, prodrugs, and nanoformulations, pave the way for the next generation of microbial metabolite-based therapeutics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the roles of microbial metabolites in maintaining host homeostasis and outline how compromised metabolite production contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of metabolites in these disease contexts. Then, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the pharmaceutical strategies that have been employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of microbial metabolites, with a focus on SCFAs and Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Oday J, Hadi H, Hashim P, Richardson S, Iles A, Pamme N. Development and validation of spectrophotometric method and paper-based microfluidic devices for the quantitative determination of Amoxicillin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24968. [PMID: 38318013 PMCID: PMC10839972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for easy-to-use, low cost and portable quantitative assays to determine active pharmaceutical ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we developed a batch spectrophotometric method and a method employing a paper-based microfluidic device for the estimation of Amoxicillin (AMX) in pure solution and pharmaceutical preparations. The detection depends on the coupling reaction of Amoxicillin with diazotized sulfadimidine (DSDM) in an alkaline medium. The yellow azo dye reaction product was measured at λmax 425 nm and linearity was observed from 2 to 30 mg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.32 mg L-1 and a quantification limit of 1.2 mg L-1 was found. The reaction was then transferred onto the paper-based microfluidic device and a plateau change in color intensity was found above 10 mg L-1. Thus, the paper-based microfluidic device can be applied for the semi-quantitative determination of Amoxicillin in pure solution and commercial pharmaceutical products for rapid screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwan Oday
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hind Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Parween Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Samantha Richardson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Alexander Iles
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Barakat NT, El-Brashy AM, Fathy ME. Innovative utilization of silver nanoparticles localized surface plasmon resonance for green and sensitive spectrofluorimetric analysis of sildenafil and xipamide in pure forms and pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123069. [PMID: 37390720 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A green, novel, simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric approach was investigated and validated for the analysis of two important cardiovascular drugs namely; sildenafil citrate and xipamide using silver nanoparticles as a fluorescence probe (Ag-NPs). Silver nanoparticles were prepared through chemical reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride in distilled water without using non-green organic stabilizer. These nanoparticles were stable, water soluble and had high fluorescence. After addition of the studied drugs, noticeable quenching of Ag-NPs fluorescence occurred. The intensity of Ag-NPs fluorescence was measured at 484 nm (λex 242 nm) before and after complex formation with these studied drugs. The difference between these values (ΔF) were linear with the concentrations in the following ranges (1.0-10.0 μg/mL), (0.5-5.0 μg/mL) for sildenafil and xipamide, respectively. The formed complexes did not need to be separated by solvent extraction before measurement. For proving the complex formation between the two studied drugs and silver nanoparticles, stern volmer method was applied. The suggested method was perfectly validated in compliance with the international conference on harmonization (ICH) Guidelines and the outcomes were acceptable. Furthermore, suggested technique was perfectly applied for the assay of each drug in its pharmaceutical dosage form. Eventually assessment of method greenness was performed using different tools and found that the suggested method was safe and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamat T Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amina M El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Yogendrarajah P, Natalis L, Peys W, Lenaerts M, Lebrun P, Boon JP, Hellings M. Application of design space and quality by design methodologies combined with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography for the optimization of the sample preparation of complex pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115149. [PMID: 36827738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and precise analytical measurements play a significant role in assessments and decisions that are made throughout the drug development process. Developing a robust and reliable sample preparation is essential for drug product formulations to generate consistent results guaranteeing the product quality. However, due to the complex nature of the different pharmaceutical formulations with diverse excipients, developing robust sample preparation methods can be challenging and time consuming. Ensuring sample extraction robustness of pharmaceutical dosage forms becomes increasingly important with the potential impact to patient safety, product efficacy, and business efficiency. In this work we demonstrate and evaluate potential application of Quality by Design (QbD) principles to develop and optimize a robust sample preparation method in combination with the chromatographic analytical technique for a solid pharmaceutical dosage form. Practicability and utility of a QbD approach in optimization of sample preparation of this drug product are demonstrated as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used in the drug product is proven to be highly sensitive for hydrolysis during analysis. Finally, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection that was applied during the design of experiments (DoE) was validated as per regulatory requirements. This systematic approach in analytics could provide guidance for the pharmaceutical industry in the development of robust sample preparation methods for different pharmaceutical dosage forms thus significantly reduce risks associated with the method transfers at clinical and commercial manufacturing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheeba Yogendrarajah
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Belgium
| | - Laurent Natalis
- Pharmalex Belgium, Rue Edouard Belin, 5, 1435 Mont-St-Guibert, Belgium.
| | - Willy Peys
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Belgium
| | - Marc Lenaerts
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lebrun
- Pharmalex Belgium, Rue Edouard Belin, 5, 1435 Mont-St-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Boon
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Belgium.
| | - Mario Hellings
- Analytical Development, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Belgium
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Calvo NL, Alvarez VA, Lamas MC, Leonardi D. New approaches to identification and characterization of tioconazole in raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:40-48. [PMID: 30740256 PMCID: PMC6355464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tioconazole (TCZ), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has significant activity against Candida albicans and other Candida species, and therefore, it is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses. The main goal of this work is to report an exhaustive identification and characterization procedure to improve and facilitate the online quality control and continuous process monitoring of TCZ in bulk material and loaded in two different dosage forms: ovules and nail lacquer. The methodologies were based on thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melting point, and thermogravimetry (TG)), spectroscopic (ultraviolet (UV), Raman, near infrared (NIR), infrared spectroscopy coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), microscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TCZ bulk powder showed a high crystallinity, as observed by XRD, with a particles size distribution (3-95 µm) resolved by microscopic measurements. TCZ melting point (82.8 °C) and a degradation peak centered at 297.8 °C were obtained by DSC and DTG, respectively. An unambiguous structure elucidation of TCZ was obtained by mono- and two- dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectral data analysis. The FTIR-ATR, Raman and NIR spectra of both the raw material and the commercial products were analyzed and their characteristic bands were tabulated. The best methods for TCZ identification in ovules were DSC, TG, XRD, NIR and Raman, while NIR and FTIR-ATR were the most appropriate techniques to analyze it in the nail lacquer. DSC, TG, DRX, Raman, FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopy are effective techniques to be used in online process analysis, because they do not require sample preparation, and they are considerably sensitive to analyze complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Calvo
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
- Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Vera A. Alvarez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA, CONICET-UNMdP), Colón 10890, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - María C. Lamas
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
- Área Técnica Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
- Área Técnica Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
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Gayatri SN, Biju VMN, Starvin AM. Determination of Ondansetron by Spectrofluorimetry: Application to Forced Degradation Study, Pharmaceuticals and Human Plasma. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:203-9. [PMID: 30483905 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current manuscript describes a validated, responsive and rapid spectrofluorimetric method for quantifying ondansetron (OND) in authentic form, spiked human plasma and dosage forms. This is the first reported fluorescence study of Ondansetron in Triton X 100 system. Various variables affecting fluorescence response were studied precisely and optimised. The described method involved the fluorescence measurement in Triton X 100 system at λem/λex 354/317 nm. The calibration plot attained linearity over concentration range of 0.2 - 2 μg/mL. The developed method has been extensively applied to degradation studies of OND as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines by exposing to oxidative, thermal, photo, acidic and alkaline conditions and also the degradation pathway has been proposed.
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El-Kimary EI, Ragab MAA. Derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry: Application to the analysis of two binary mixtures containing codeine in dosage forms. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 204:677-684. [PMID: 29982159 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two binary mixtures containing codeine (COD) with either ibuprofen (IBU), mixture 1, or with phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE), mixture 2, were analyzed using three simple eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric methods without the need to a prior separation step. The first method is derivative emission spectrofluorimetry using λex = 236 nm and 275 nm for mixtures 1 and 2, respectively. The second method is constant-wavelength synchronous spectrofluorimetry using ∆λ = 100 nm and 60 nm for mixtures 1 and 2, respectively. The last method is constant-energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry where a wave number interval of -7000 cm-1 was used for the analysis of the two binary mixtures. All measurements were performed in acetate buffer pH 5 and thus no toxic volatile solvents were used increasing method greenness. High sensitivity was attained for the three studied drugs where the lower limits of quantitation of COD, IBU and PE reached 0.064, 0.512 and 0.087 μg/mL, respectively. Analysis of the two binary mixtures in their tablet and liquid dosage forms was performed with good accuracy and precision using the developed methods. The results of the proposed and reported methods were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA test and no significant difference among them was obtained. In addition, all aspects of ICH guidelines on analytical method validation were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF. A high throughput gold nanoparticles chemiluminescence detection of opioid receptor antagonist naloxone hydrochloride. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:6. [PMID: 25705253 PMCID: PMC4335089 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The opioid antagonist agent naloxone hydrochloride (NLX) is a drug that has high affinity for opiate receptors but do not activate these receptors. Owing to the role of this drug to block the effects of exogenous administered opioids and endogenous released endorphians we can deduce the importance of developing sensitive analytical methods for detection of such drug. In the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA). Method In the present study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was employed for enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) signals arising from luminol-ferricyanide reaction in the presence of naloxone hydrochloride using sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis (SIA). Results The developed method was examined under optimum experimental conditions and the obtained results revealed a linear relationship between the relative CL intensity and the investigated drug at a concentration range of 1.0×10−9-1.0×10−2 mol L−1, (r = 0.9993, n=9) with detection and quantification limits of 1.6×10−11 and 1.0×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 0.9%. Conclusion The proposed method was employed for the determination of the investigated drug in bulk powder, its pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. The interference of some metals and amino acids on the CL intensity was investigated. Also the interference of some related pharmacological action drugs was tested. The obtained results of the developed method were statistically treated and compared with those obtained from other reported methods. Utility of gold nanparticles in luminol-potassium ferricyanide chemiluminescence system for determination of naloxone hydrochloride. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia ; Permanent address: General Administrative of Medical Affairs, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ghodsi R, Kobarfard F, Tabatabai SA. Application of narrow-bore HPLC columns in rapid determination of sildenafil citrate in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. Iran J Pharm Res 2012; 11:123-7. [PMID: 25317193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A special type of silica-based columns has been recently introduced into the market which is called narrow-bore columns. They have lower internal volume than the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns and thus reduce the solvent consumption by almost 80%. A simple, accurate and environmentally friendly reversed phase- HPLC (RP-HPLC method) which could be used in fast and high throughput analyses has been developed for the purpose of determining the sildenafil in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, using narrow-bore C18 column (50 × 3.2 mm, 5 µm particle size) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase comprising of buffer (pH = 3) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 v/v. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min and the detection was monitored through Ultraviolet detector (UV detector) at 292 nm. Clonazepam was used as the internal standard and the run time was 4 min. The proposed method has permitted the quantification of sildenafil over the linearity in the range of 30-4000 ng/mL and its percentage recovery was found to be 99-105%. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) is determined as 30 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were found 1.2-2.2% and 1.56-3.4% respectively. The solvent consumption was 2.8 mL per sample of which ca 0.7 mL was acetonitrile. This study shows that the application of narrow-bore column instead of the conventional reversed phase column in HPLC analyses has the advantages of shorter run time and less organic solvent consumption. This method is highly sensitive with excellent recoveries and precision and there is no need for special column and pre-column or post-column treatment of the sample. Moreover, the method is free from interference by common additives and excipients, suggesting applications in routine quality control analyses.
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