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Rowland L, Smart B, Brown A, Dettorre GM, Gocho Y, Hunt J, Yang W, Yoshimura S, Reyes N, Du G, John A, Maxwell D, Stock W, Kornblau S, Relling MV, Inaba H, Pui CH, Bourquin JP, Karol SE, Mullighan CG, Evans WE, Yang JJ, Crews KR. Ex vivo Drug Sensitivity Imaging-based Platform for Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4731. [PMID: 37575398 PMCID: PMC10415213 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to chemotherapy, whether present at diagnosis or acquired during treatment, is a major cause of treatment failure. Primary ALL cells are accessible for drug sensitivity testing at the time of new diagnosis or at relapse, but there are major limitations with current methods for determining drug sensitivity ex vivo. Here, we describe a functional precision medicine method using a fluorescence imaging platform to test drug sensitivity profiles of primary ALL cells. Leukemia cells are co-cultured with mesenchymal stromal cells and tested with a panel of 40 anti-leukemia drugs to determine individual patterns of drug resistance and sensitivity ("pharmacotype"). This imaging-based pharmacotyping assay addresses the limitations of prior ex vivo drug sensitivity methods by automating data analysis to produce high-throughput data while requiring fewer cells and significantly decreasing the labor-intensive time required to conduct the assay. The integration of drug sensitivity data with genomic profiling provides a basis for rational genomics-guided precision medicine. Key features Analysis of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts obtained at diagnosis from bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood. Experiments are performed ex vivo with mesenchymal stromal cell co-culture and require four days to complete. This fluorescence imaging-based protocol enhances previous ex vivo drug sensitivity assays and improves efficiency by requiring fewer primary cells while increasing the number of drugs tested to 40. It takes approximately 2-3 h for sample preparation and processing and a 1.5-hour imaging time. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rowland
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandon Smart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gino M. Dettorre
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Gocho
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy Hunt
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Noemi Reyes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guoqing Du
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - August John
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dylan Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seth E. Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E. Evans
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristine R. Crews
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Seppälä TT, Burkhart RA. Can Pancreatic Organoids Help in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer? Adv Surg 2021; 55:215-229. [PMID: 34389093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni T Seppälä
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Halsted 612, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. https://twitter.com/Adductor
| | - Richard A Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Halsted 612, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Abstract
Increasingly, patient models of disease are being utilized to facilitate precision medicine approaches through molecular characterization or direct chemotherapeutic testing. Organoids, 3-dimensional (3D) cultures of neoplastic cells derived from primary tumor specimens, represent an ideal platform for these types of studies because benchtop protocols previously developed for 2-dimensional cell lines can be adapted for use. These protocols include directly testing the survival of these organoid cultures when exposed to clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents, a process we have called pharmacotyping. In this protocol, established tumor-derived organoid cultures are dissociated into single cells, plated in a 3D gel matrix, and exposed to pharmacologic agents. While our protocol has been developed for use with patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids, with minor modifications to the dissociation and medium conditions, this protocol could be adapted for use with a wide range of organoid cultures. We further describe our standard ATP-based assay to determine cellular survival. This protocol can be scaled for use in high-throughput assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Burkhart
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lindsey A Baker
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
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Vizirianakis IS. Harnessing pharmacological knowledge for personalized medicine and pharmacotyping: Challenges and lessons learned. World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:110-119. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy inefficiency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic burden of healthcare and restricting the monitoring of diseases. In practical terms, and in order for drug prescription to be improved toward meeting the personalized medicine concept in drug delivery, the maximum clinical outcome for most, if not all, patients must be achieved, i.e., pharmacotyping. Such a direction although promising and of high expectation from the society, it is however hardly to be afforded for healthcare worldwide. To overcome any existed hurdles, this means that practical clinical utility of personalized medicine decisions have to be documented and validated in the clinical setting. The latter implies for drug delivery the efficient implementation of previously gained in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics knowledge. As an approach to work faster and in a more productive way, the elaboration of advanced physiologically based pharmacokinetics models is discussed. And in better clarifying this topic, the example of tamoxifen is thoroughly presented. Overall, pharmacotyping represents a major challenge in modern therapeutics for which pharmacologists need to work in successfully fulfilling this task.
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