1
|
Verduci E, Tosi M, Montanari C, Gambino M, Eletti F, Bosetti A, Di Costanzo M, Carbone MT, Biasucci G, Fiori L, Zuccotti G. Are Phe-Free Protein Substitutes Available in Italy for Infants with PKU All the Same? Nutrients 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 38201860 PMCID: PMC10780432 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding or standard infant formulas, alongside phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitutes, constitute the dietary management for infants with PKU to guarantee protein requirements are met in compliance with metabolic tolerance. This work aims to analyse the nutritional composition of Phe-free infant protein substitutes, in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and functional components, available for PKU dietary management in Italy. A total of seven infant Phe-free protein substitutes were included in this review, six powder and one liquid. A second analysis was conducted to compare them to the composition of formulas intended for healthy infants, taking into consideration the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/127 and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/128 for micronutrients. The analysis revealed heterogeneity among protein substitutes suitable for infants with PKU. The energy and protein equivalents (P.Eq.) content are different; all of the substitutes contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and nucleotides are not present in all the substitutes. More attention should be paid to these infant products to ensure metabolic control of PKU, and also promote proper growth, cognitive neurodevelopment, favourable gut microbiota composition, and immune system health, while reducing the risk for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Gambino
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Francesca Eletti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Margherita Di Costanzo
- U.O.C. Pediatrics and Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Biasucci
- U.O.C. Pediatrics and Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Fiori
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.G.); (F.E.); (A.B.); (L.F.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|