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Beyzaei Z, Ezgu F, Geramizadeh B, Alborzi A, Shojazadeh A. Novel mutations in the PHKB gene in an iranian girl with severe liver involvement and glycogen storage disease type IX: a case report and review of literature. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 33858366 PMCID: PMC8050929 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IXb is one of the rare variants of GSDs. It is a genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorder due to deficient hepatic phosphorylase kinase activity. Diagnosis of GSD can be difficult because of overlapping manifestations. Mutation analysis of the genes related to each type of GSD is supposed to be problem-solving, however, the presence of novel mutations can be confusing. In this case report, we will describe our experience with a young girl with the diagnosis of GSD and two novel mutations related to GSD type IXb. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-year- old girl presented with short stature, hepatomegaly, and liver cirrhosis. No specific diagnosis was made based on laboratory data, so liver biopsy and targeted-gene sequencing (TGS) were performed to find out the specific molecular basis of her disease. It was confirmed that the patient carries two novel variants in the PHKB gene. The variant in the PHKB gene was classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of a dual molecular mutation of glycogen storage disease type IXb in the same patient. Two novel variants in PHKB were identified and one of them was a pathogenic split-site mutation. In conclusion, for the first time, identification of the novel variants in this patient expands the molecular and the phenotype basis of dual variants in GSD-IXb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beyzaei
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center (STRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Genetic, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center (STRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Alborzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shojazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kim TH, Kim KY, Kim MJ, Seong MW, Park SS, Moon JS, Ko JS. Molecular diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type IX using a glycogen storage disease gene panel. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103921. [PMID: 32244026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX) is caused by a deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase kinase. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features, long term outcomes, and genetic analysis of GSD IX in Korea. A GSD gene panel was created and hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing was performed. We investigated clinical laboratory data, results of molecular genetic analysis, liver biopsy findings, and long-term outcomes. Ten children were diagnosed with GSD IX at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Hypoglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, liver fibrosis on liver biopsy, and short stature was found in 30%, 56%, 100%, 60%, 80% and 50% of the children, respectively. Seven PHKA2 variants were identified in eight children with GSD IXa-one nonsense (c.2268dupT; p.(Asp757Ter)), two splicing (c.918+1G > A, c.718-2A > G), one frameshift (c.405_419delinsTCCTGGCC; p.(Asp136ProfsTer11)), and three missense variants (c.3628G > A; p.(Gly1210Arg), c.1245G > T and c.2746C > T; p.(Arg916Trp)). Two variants of PHKG2 were identified in two children with GSD IXc-one frameshift (c.783delC; p.(Ser262AlafsTer6)) and one missense (c.661G > A; p.(Val221Met)). Elevated liver enzymes and hypertriglyceridemia in children with GSD IXa tended to improve with age. For the first time, we report hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with GSD IXc. The GSD gene panel is a useful diagnostic tool to confirm GSD IX. The clinical phenotype of GSD IXc is severe and monitoring for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chebotareva NA, Eronina TB, Roman SG, Mikhaylova VV, Kleymenov SY, Kurganov BI. Kinetic regime of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+-induced aggregation of phosphorylase kinase at 40 °C. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:181-187. [PMID: 31279057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many functions of phosphorylase kinase (PhK) are regulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions stimulate activity of PhK, induce the changes in the tertiary and quaternary structure of the hexadecameric enzyme molecule, provoke association/aggregation of PhK molecules, enhance PhK binding to glycogen. To establish the kinetic regime of Ca2+ and Mg2+-induced aggregation of PhK from rabbit skeletal muscles at 40 °C, in the present work the kinetics of aggregation was studied at various protein concentrations using the dynamic light scattering. The proposed mechanism of aggregation involves the stage of unfolding of the protein molecule with retention of the integrity of its oligomeric structure, the nucleation stage and stages of the growth of protein aggregates. The initial rate of the aggregation process at the stage of aggregate growth depends linearly on the protein concentration. This means that the order of aggregation with respect to the protein is equal to unity and the aggregation rate is limited by the rate of protein unfolding. The rate constant of the first order characterizing the stage of protein unfolding was found to be equal to 0.071 min-1 (40 mM Hepes, pH 6.8, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM Ca2+, 10 mM Mg2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Chebotareva
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Eronina
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Roman
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Mikhaylova
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Kleymenov
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I Kurganov
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Abstract
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IXa is caused by PHKA2 mutation, which accounts for about 75% of all the GSD type IX cases. Here we first summarized the clinical data and analyzed the PHKA2 gene of 17 Chinese male patients suspected of having GSD type IXa. Clinical symptoms of our patients included hepatomegaly, growth retardation, and liver dysfunction. The clinical and biochemical manifestations improved and even disappeared with age. We detected 14 mutations in 17 patients, including 8 novel mutations; exons 2 and 4 were hot spots in this research. In conclusion, glycogen storage disease type IXa is a mild disorder with a favorable prognosis, and there was no relationship between genotype and phenotype of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuheng Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mingsheng Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Genetics Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengxia Yao
- Genetics Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhengqing Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Zhang MH, Wang HJ, Zhang P, Gong JY, Wang JS. [Glycogenosis type IX caused by a novel mutation of phosphorylase kinase α subunit: a family analysis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 25:304-306. [PMID: 28494553 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - H J Wang
- Molecular Diagnosis Lab of Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - P Zhang
- Molecular Diagnosis Lab of Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - J Y Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - J S Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Molecular Diagnosis Lab of Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Thompson JA, Carlson GM. The regulatory α and β subunits of phosphorylase kinase directly interact with its substrate, glycogen phosphorylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:221-225. [PMID: 27845042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) by its only known kinase, phosphorylase kinase (PhK), keeps glycogen catabolism tightly regulated. In addition to the obligatory interaction between the catalytic γ subunit of PhK and the phosphorylatable region of GP, previous studies have suggested additional sites of interaction between this kinase and its protein substrate. Using short chemical crosslinkers, we have identified direct interactions of GP with the large regulatory α and β subunits of PhK. These newfound interactions were found to be sensitive to ligands that bind PhK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie A Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Gerald M Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Kim JA, Kim JH, Lee BH, Kim GH, Shin YS, Yoo HW, Kim KM. Clinical, Biochemical, and Genetic Characterization of Glycogen Storage Type IX in a Child with Asymptomatic Hepatomegaly. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2015; 18:138-43. [PMID: 26157701 PMCID: PMC4493248 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2015.18.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX) is caused by a defect in phosphorylase b kinase (PhK) that results from mutations in the PHKA2, PHKB, and PHKG2 genes. Patients usually manifest recurrent ketotic hypoglycemia with growth delay, but some may present simple hepatomegaly. Although GSD IX is one of the most common causes of GSDs, its biochemical and genetic diagnosis has been problematic due to its rarity, phenotypic overlap with other types of GSDs, and genetic heterogeneities. In our report, a 22-month-old boy with GSD IX is described. No other manifestations were evident except for hepatomegaly. His growth and development also have been proceeding normally. Diagnosed was made by histologic examination, an enzyme assay, and genetic testing with known c.3210_3212del (p.Arg1070del) mutation in PHKA2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ah Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon S Shin
- University Children's Hospital and Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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