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Wang J, Zhu H, Tian R, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Hu J, Wang S. Physiological and pathological effects of phase separation in the central nervous system. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:599-615. [PMID: 38441598 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Phase separation, also known as biomolecule condensate, participates in physiological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, gene expression, and DNA damage repair by creating a membrane-free compartment. Phase separation is primarily caused by the interaction of multivalent non-covalent bonds between proteins and/or nucleic acids. The strength of molecular multivalent interaction can be modified by component concentration, the potential of hydrogen, posttranslational modification, and other factors. Notably, phase separation occurs frequently in the cytoplasm of mitochondria, the nucleus, and synapses. Phase separation in vivo is dynamic or stable in the normal physiological state, while abnormal phase separation will lead to the formation of biomolecule condensates, speeding up the disease progression. To provide candidate suggestions for the clinical treatment of nervous system diseases, this review, based on existing studies, carefully and systematically represents the physiological roles of phase separation in the central nervous system and its pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China.
| | - Ruijia Tian
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoliang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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Gong B, Yao Z, Zhou C, Wang W, Sun L, Han J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs: Miracle drugs are blooming? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116342. [PMID: 38531211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by L cells in the small intestine, assumes a central role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Its influence on insulin secretion and gastric emptying positions it as a therapeutic linchpin. However, the limited applicability of native GLP-1 stems from its short half-life, primarily due to glomerular filtration and the inactivating effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). To address this, various structural modification strategies have been developed to extend GLP-1's half-life. Despite the commendable efficacy displayed by current GLP-1 receptor agonists, inherent limitations persist. A paradigm shift emerges with the advent of unimolecular multi-agonists, such as the recently introduced tirzepatide, wherein GLP-1 is ingeniously combined with other gastrointestinal hormones. This novel approach has captured the spotlight within the diabetes and obesity research community. This review summarizes the physiological functions of GLP-1, systematically explores diverse structural modifications, delves into the realm of unimolecular multi-agonists, and provides a nuanced portrayal of the developmental prospects that lie ahead for GLP-1 analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gong
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chenxu Zhou
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Wen S, Arakawa H, Tamai I. Uric acid in health and disease: From physiological functions to pathogenic mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108615. [PMID: 38382882 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to renal reabsorption and the loss of uricase activity, uric acid (UA) is strictly maintained at a higher physiological level in humans than in other mammals, which provides a survival advantage during evolution but increases susceptibility to certain diseases such as gout. Although monosodium urate (MSU) crystal precipitation has been detected in different tissues of patients as a trigger for disease, the pathological role of soluble UA remains controversial due to the lack of causality in the clinical setting. Abnormal elevation or reduction of UA levels has been linked to some of pathological status, also known as U-shaped association, implying that the physiological levels of UA regulated by multiple enzymes and transporters are crucial for the maintenance of health. In addition, the protective potential of UA has also been proposed in aging and some diseases. Therefore, the role of UA as a double-edged sword in humans is determined by its physiological or non-physiological levels. In this review, we summarize biosynthesis, membrane transport, and physiological functions of UA. Then, we discuss the pathological involvement of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia as well as the underlying mechanisms by which UA at abnormal levels regulates the onset and progression of diseases. Finally, pharmacological strategies for urate-lowering therapy (ULT) are introduced, and current challenges in UA study and future perspectives are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Xing YF, Zhu XY, Huang JH, Nan YX, Duan YF, Zhang JS. Toxic effects of microplastics and nitrite exposure on intestinal histology, digestion, immunity, and microbial community of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116077. [PMID: 38330811 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite and microplastics (MPs) are environmental pollutants that threaten intestinal integrity and affect immune function of shrimp. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to the individual and combined stress of nitrite and microplastics for 14 days, and the changes of intestinal histology and physiological functions were investigated. After single and combined stress, affectations occurred in intestinal tissue; the antioxidant enzyme activities (MDA, H2O2, CAT increased) and gene expression levels (CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP70 up-regulated) changed. The expression levels of detoxification genes (CYP450, UGT down-regulated, GST up-regulated), apoptosis genes (CASP-3 up-regulated) and endoplasmic reticulum stress genes (Bip, GRP94 down-regulated) changed. Furthermore, the stress also increased intestinal microbial diversity, causing bacterial composition variation, especially beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. These results suggested that nitrite and microplastics stress had adverse effects on the intestinal health of L. vannamei by affecting intestinal tissue morphology, immune response and microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fu Xing
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Xuan-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Nan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Ya-Fei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572000, PR China.
| | - Jia-Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
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Zeng X, Wang Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Li X, Liu D. The functionalities and applications of whey/whey protein in fermented foods: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:769-790. [PMID: 38371680 PMCID: PMC10866834 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Whey, a major by-product of cheese production, is primarily composed of whey protein (WP). To mitigate environmental pollution, it is crucial to identify effective approaches for fully utilizing the functional components of whey or WP to produce high-value-added products. This review aims to illustrate the active substances with immunomodulatory, metabolic syndrome-regulating, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities produced by whey or WP through fermentation processes, and summarizes the application and the effects of whey or WP on nutritional properties and health promotion in fermented foods. All these findings indicate that whey or WP can serve as a preservative, a source of high-protein dietary, and a source of physiologically active substance in the production of fermented foods. Therefore, expanding the use of whey or WP in fermented foods is of great importance for converting whey into value-added products, as well as reducing whey waste and potential contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zeng
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Shuda Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xing Li
- Zhangye Water Saving Agricultural Experimental Station, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangye, 734000 China
| | - Diru Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Fan Y, Wei J, Li Z, Yang J, Hu X, Zhang H. Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity of L-Alanyl-L-tyrosine in Promoting Melanin Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04713-5. [PMID: 37713063 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
L-Alanyl-L-tyrosine (L-Ala-Tyr) is a dipeptide formed by the condensation of L-alanine methyl ester and L-tyrosine. After entering the body, it can be rapidly broken down to release tyrosine. In this study, L-Ala-Tyr was successfully prepared by using α-ester acyltransferase as biocatalyst and alanine methyl ester (L-Ala-OMe) and tyrosine (L-Tyr) as acyl donor and nucleophile, respectively. The dipeptide yield was increased from 15 to 50% by optimizing the conditions: boric acid-borax (0.2 mol/L), 30°C, pH 9.5, 2:1 acyl donor to nucleophile ratio, DES (ChCl/urea), and 15%(v/v) water content. The catalytic product is then isolated and purified. The structure of the product was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and carbon spectroscopy. Its biological activity was preliminarily determined by the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell model. The results showed that the purity of L-Ala-Tyr prepared by the separation and purification method of this study was 96.8%, and the mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the structure of the peptide was consistent with the expected structure. In addition, the preliminary physiological activity identification results show that L-Ala-Tyr has no toxic effect on cells in the concentration range of 100-800 μmol·L-1, and at the optimal concentration, compared with the positive control 8-methoxypsoralen, it can promote the production of melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jinao Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road No. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
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Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Technology and functional insights into the nicotinamide mononucleotide for human health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12612-2. [PMID: 37347262 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a naturally occurring biologically active nucleotide, mainly functions via mediating the biosynthesis of NAD+. In recent years, its excellent pharmacological activities including anti-aging, treating neurodegenerative diseases, and protecting the heart have attracted increasing attention from scholars and entrepreneurs for production of a wide range of formulations, including functional food ingredients, health care products, active pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Presently, the synthesis methods of NMN mainly include two categories: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. With the development of biocatalyst engineering and synthetic biology strategies, bio-preparation has proven to be efficient, economical, and sustainable methods. This review summarizes the chemical synthesis and biosynthetic pathways of NMN and provides an in-depth investigation on the mining and modification of enzyme resources during NMN biosynthesis, as well as the screening of hosts and optimization of chassis cells via metabolic engineering, which provide effective strategies for efficient production of NMN. In addition, an overview of the significant physiological functions and activities of NMN is elaborated. Finally, future research on technical approaches to further enhance NMN synthesis and strengthen clinical studies of NMN are prospected, which would lay the foundation for further promoting the application of NMN in nutrition, healthy food, and medicine in the future. KEY POINTS: • NMN supplementation effectively increases the level of NAD+. • The chemical and biological synthesis of NMN are comprehensively reviewed. • The impact of NMN on the treatment of various diseases is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - George Marshall
- Seragon Biosciences, Inc., 400 Spectrum Center Drive, 16th Floor, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
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Zhang R, Zhao Z, Li M, Luo L, Wang S, Guo K, Xu W. Effects of saline-alkali stress on the tissue structure, antioxidation, immunocompetence and metabolomics of Eriocheir sinensis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:162109. [PMID: 36775159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali water resources are abundant and widely distributed in China. The effective utilization of saline-alkali water resources by fishery is of great significance to enhance the aquatic product economy and restore the ecology of saline-alkali environments. Eriocheir sinensis is a saline-alkali water-suitable species. To explore its physiological response to saline-alkali stress, the hepatopancreas tissue structure, antioxidation, immunocompetence and metabolomics were investigated after 96 h of gradient saline-alkali treatment. The results confirmed the hepatopancreas damage through tissue sectioning, abnormal enzyme activity (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and aberrant malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05), which was followed by a decrease trend, indicating the enhancement of antioxidant capacity in response to the stress. Strengthened immunocompetence in response to saline-alkali toxicity was shown in the gradual increase of immune enzyme activity (acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)) and the upregulated expression of immune genes (hsp 70, hsp 90, proPO and toll). Among the differential metabolites quantified by metabolomics, small peptides were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), and acylcarnitines were obviously upregulated (p < 0.05), indicating that saline-alkali toxicity inhibited protein catabolism and stimulated the mobilization of energy reserves. Metabolic pathways enriched through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that Eriocheir sinensis activated different mechanisms in response to various degrees of stress, such as "ABC transporters" and "purine metabolism" in response to low saline-alkali stress, while "pyrimidine metabolism" and "beta-alanine metabolism" to high saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingshuai Li
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Guo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), CAFS, Harbin 150070, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Wu J, Yang F, Zhou M, Wang R, Huang J, Rong Y, Liu J, Wang S. New insight into the mechanism by which antifreeze peptides regulate the physiological function of Streptococcus thermophilus subjected to freezing stress. J Adv Res 2023; 45:127-140. [PMID: 35599106 PMCID: PMC10006524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antifreeze peptides regulate the physiological functions of frozen cells and even their apoptosis; however, the mechanisms by which antifreeze peptides regulate these processes remain unclear, although the interactions between cell membranes and ice are well known to be important in this process. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to investigate how antifreeze peptides regulate cell physiological functions during the freezing process. METHODS We investigated the cryoprotective effect of rsfAFP on the physiological functions of S. thermophilus under freezing stress by measuring cellular metabolism activity, intracellular enzyme activity, cell membrane characterization, and cell apoptosis. The mechanism by which rsfAFP impacts S. thermophilus physiological functions under freezing stress was investigated using multispectral techniques and cryo-TEM. RESULTS We show that a recombinant antifreeze peptide (rsfAFP) interacts with the extracellular capsular polysaccharides and peptidoglycan of Streptococcus thermophilus and ice to cover the outer layer of the membrane, forming a dense protective layer that regulates the molecular structure of extracellular ice crystals, which results in reduced extracellular membrane damage, depressed apoptosis and increased intracellular metabolic activity. This interaction mechanism was indicated by the fact that S. thermophilus better maintained its permeability barrier, membrane fluidity, membrane structural integrity, and cytoplasmic membrane potential during freezing stress with rsfAFP treatment. CONCLUSION These results provide new insights into the mechanism by which rsfAFP regulates frozen cellphysiological functionsand apoptosis under freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fujia Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianlian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Yuzhi Rong
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Zeng ML, Kong S, Chen TX, Peng BW. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4: a Double-Edged Sword in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1232-1249. [PMID: 36434370 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective cation channel that can be activated by diverse stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, hypo-osmolarity, and arachidonic acid metabolites. TRPV4 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participates in many significant physiological processes. However, accumulative evidence has suggested that deficiency, abnormal expression or distribution, and overactivation of TRPV4 are involved in pathological processes of multiple neurological diseases. Here, we review the latest studies concerning the known features of this channel, including its expression, structure, and its physiological and pathological roles in the CNS, proposing an emerging therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Liu Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuo Kong
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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11
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Zou CY, Hu JJ, Lu D, Li QJ, Jiang YL, Wang R, Wang HY, Lei XX, Li-Ling J, Yang H, Xie HQ. A self-fused hydrogel for the treatment of glottic insufficiency through outstanding durability, extracellular matrix-inducing bioactivity and function preservation. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:54-68. [PMID: 36582347 PMCID: PMC9768199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection laryngoplasty with biomaterials is an effective technique to treat glottic insufficiency. However, the inadequate durability, deficient pro-secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and poor functional preservation of current biomaterials have yielded an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Herein, a self-fusing bioactive hydrogel comprising modified carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate is developed through a dual-crosslinking mechanism (photo-triggered and dynamic covalent bonds). Owing to its characteristic networks, the synergistic effect of the hydrogel for vocal folds (VFs) vibration and phonation is adequately demonstrated. Notably, owing to its inherent bioactivity of polysaccharides, the hydrogel could significantly enhance the secretion of major components (type I/III collagen and elastin) in the lamina propria of the VFs both in vivo and in vitro. In a rabbit model for glottic insufficiency, the optimized hydrogel (C1A1) has demonstrated a durability far superior to that of the commercially made hyaluronic acid (HA) Gel. More importantly, owing to the ECM-inducing bioactivity, the physiological functions of the VFs treated with the C1A1 hydrogel also outperformed that of the HA Gel, and were similar to those of the normal VFs. Taken together, through a simple-yet-effective strategy, the novel hydrogel has demonstrated outstanding durability, ECM-inducing bioactivity and physiological function preservation, therefore has an appealing clinical value for treating glottic insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Zou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qian-Jin Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiong-Xin Lei
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China,Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China,Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China,Corresponding author.
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12
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Sarker U, Lin YP, Oba S, Yoshioka Y, Hoshikawa K. Prospects and potentials of underutilized leafy Amaranths as vegetable use for health-promotion. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:104-123. [PMID: 35487123 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change causes environmental variation worldwide, which is one of the most serious threats to global food security. In addition, more than 2 billion people in the world are reported to suffer from serious malnutrition, referred to as 'hidden hunger.' Dependence on only a few crops could lead to the loss of genetic diversity and high fragility of crop breeding in systems adapting to global scale climate change. The exploitation of underutilized species and genetic resources, referred to as orphan crops, could be a useful approach for resolving the issue of adaptability to environmental alteration, biodiversity preservation, and improvement of nutrient quality and quantity to ensure food security. Moreover, the use of these alternative crops will help to increase the human health benefits and the income of farmers in developing countries. In this review, we highlight the potential of orphan crops, especially amaranths, for use as vegetables and health-promoting nutritional components. This review highlights promising diversified sources of amaranth germplasms, their tolerance to abiotic stresses, and their nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant values for vegetable purposes. Betalains (betacyanins and betaxanthins), unique antioxidant components in amaranth vegetables, are also highlighted regarding their chemodiversity across amaranth germplasms and their stability and degradation. In addition, we discuss the physiological functions, antioxidant, antilipidemic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities, as well as the biosynthesis pathway, molecular, biochemical, genetics, and genomic mechanisms of betalains in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakanta Sarker
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan, 74199, Taiwan
| | - Shinya Oba
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoshioka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan, 74199, Taiwan; Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan; Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan.
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13
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Zhang SL, Lin SZ, Zhou YQ, Wang WQ, Li JY, Wang C, Pang QM. Clinical manifestations and gene analysis of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5018-5024. [PMID: 35801028 PMCID: PMC9198858 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i15.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case report describes a child with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM: 176670) caused by LMNA (OMIM: 150330) gene mutation, and we have previously analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of this case. After 1-year treatment and follow-up, we focus on analyzing the changes in the clinical manifestations and genetic diagnosis of the patient.
CASE SUMMARY In April 2020, a 2-year-old boy with HGPS was found to have an abnormal appearance, and growth and development lagged behind those of children of the same age. The child’s weight did not increase normally, the veins of the head were clearly visible, and he had shallow skin color and sparse yellow hair. Peripheral blood DNA samples obtained from the patient and his parents were sequenced using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing, which was verified by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that there was a synonymous heterozygous mutation of C.1824 C>T (P. G608G) in the LMNA gene.
CONCLUSION Mutation of the LMNA gene provides a molecular basis for diagnosis of HGPS and genetic counseling of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Li Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhou
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qi-Ming Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
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14
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Xu Z, Chen S, Feng D, Liu Y, Wang Q, Gao T, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Qiu L. Biological role of heparan sulfate in osteogenesis: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118490. [PMID: 34420746 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is extensively expressed in cells, for example, cell membrane and extracellular matrix of most mammalian cells and tissues, playing a key role in the growth and development of life by maintaining homeostasis and implicating in the etiology and diseases. Recent studies have revealed that HS is involved in osteogenesis via coordinating multiple signaling pathways. The potential effect of HS on osteogenesis is a complicated and delicate biological process, which involves the participation of osteocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and a variety of cytokines. In this review, we summarized the structural and functional characteristics of HS and highlighted the molecular mechanism of HS in bone metabolism to provide novel research perspectives for the further medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Shayang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Dehong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China.
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Tianshu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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15
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Ofoedu CE, Iwouno JO, Ofoedu EO, Ogueke CC, Igwe VS, Agunwah IM, Ofoedum AF, Chacha JS, Muobike OP, Agunbiade AO, Njoku NE, Nwakaudu AA, Odimegwu NE, Ndukauba OE, Ogbonna CU, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala COR. Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11940. [PMID: 34557342 PMCID: PMC8418216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Jude O. Iwouno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chika C. Ogueke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victory S. Igwe
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma M. Agunwah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Arinze F. Ofoedum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - James S. Chacha
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Onyinye P. Muobike
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O. Agunbiade
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Njideka E. Njoku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Angela A. Nwakaudu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru E. Odimegwu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachi E. Ndukauba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuka U. Ogbonna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Joncer Naibaho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Korus
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Aaseth J, Alexander J, Alehagen U. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation - In ageing and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111521. [PMID: 34129891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an antioxidant in cellular membranes and lipoproteins. All cells produce CoQ10 by a specialized cytoplasmatic-mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency can result from genetic failure or ageing. Some drugs including statins, widely used by inter alia elderly, may inhibit endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. There are also chronic diseases with lower levels of CoQ10 in tissues and organs. High doses of CoQ10 may increase both circulating and intracellular levels, but there are conflicting results regarding bioavailability. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary and acquired CoQ10 deficiency, and results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There are indications that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and some of the symptoms of ageing. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation appear to be alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials, with CoQ10 in a formulation of proven bioavailability, involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PO Box 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Se-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Li H, Yin J, Tan B, Chen J, Zhang H, Li Z, Ma X. Physiological function and application of dietary fiber in pig nutrition: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:259-267. [PMID: 34258414 PMCID: PMC8245790 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF), divided into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition. Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases, fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets. This is not only because of lower feed costs, but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF, mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance. The addition timing has also been further considered, which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models. Furthermore, fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models. However, the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear, which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition, as well as the impact of pig breeds. Taken together, future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF, processing methods, and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF, and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Hu C, Ma Z, Zhu J, Fan Y, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of acidic mammalian chitinase (CHIA) in multiple organs. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111465. [PMID: 34311522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic mammalian chitinase (CHIA) belongs to the 18-glycosidase family and is expressed in epithelial cells and certain immune cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) in various organs. Under physiological conditions, as a hydrolase, CHIA can degrade chitin-containing pathogens, participate in Type 2 helper T (Th2)-mediated inflammation, and enhance innate and adaptive immunity to pathogen invasion. Under pathological conditions, such as rhinitis, ocular conjunctivitis, asthma, chronic atrophic gastritis, type 2 diabetes, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, CHIA expression is significantly changed. In addition, studies have shown that CHIA has an anti-apoptotic effect, promotes epithelial cell proliferation and maintains organ integrity, and these effects are not related to chitinase degradation. CHIA can also be used as a biomolecular marker in diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis, dry eye, and acute kidney damage caused by sepsis. Analysis of the authoritative TCGA database shows that CHIA expression in gastric adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, renal clear cell carcinoma and other tumors is significantly downregulated compared with that in normal tissues, but the specific mechanism is unclear. This review is based on all surveys conducted to date and summarizes the expression patterns and functional diversity of CHIA in various organs. Understanding the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of CHIA in multiple organs opens new possibilities for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Endoscopy center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Endoscopy center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China; Endoscopy center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, China.
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Yasmin F, Sutradhar S, Das P, Mukherjee S. Gut melatonin: A potent candidate in the diversified journey of melatonin research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 303:113693. [PMID: 33309697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After being discovered from the bovine pineal gland by Aaron Lerner and co-workers in the year 1958, various distinguished researchers have reported melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyl-tryptamine) from several extra-pineal sources, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the year 1974, Raikhlin and Kvetnoy first detected this molecule in the gastrointestinal tissue. Later, within the last 45 years, many renowned investigators found that the GIT is a rich source of melatonin, in addition to the pineal gland. In the carp gut, the estimation of Arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA/protein levels, which is the rate-determining enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland, confirmed the endogenous synthesis of melatonin. The remarkable feature of the pineal gland melatonin is its rhythmic synthesis with a peak at dark-phase and lowest at light-phase in synchronization with seasonal environmental light-dark (LD) cycle. Recent studies on carp demonstrated that the melatonin concentrations and the AANAT protein intensities in different gut segments underwent significant daily fluctuations. However, compared to the melatonin rhythm in the pineal gland, the melatonin profiles in gut tissue displayed daily rhythm in parallel with the feeding cycle of the carp, irrespective of LD conditions of the environment. Notably, in carp, the temporal pattern of the gut melatoninergic system found to vary with the environmental non-photic signal(s), such as food entrainment factors (viz. availability of food, timing of food supply, number(s) of feed per day, quality of food) those act as the most dependable synchronizer(s) in daily rhythm characteristics of gut melatonin and AANAT. Thereby in this review, it appears meaningful to highlight the existing data on the mode of synthesis of melatonin in cells of the digestive tract, and most importantly, the regulation of its synthesis. Finally, in comparison with the dynamic actions of melatonin derived from the pineal gland, this review will lead to underline the role of gut-derived melatonin in a variety of physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Yasmin
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Sona Sutradhar
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Poulami Das
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.
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20
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Wang R, Arioka M. Functional analyses of xylanolytic enzymes involved in xylan degradation and utilization in Neurospora crassa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:302-310. [PMID: 33333093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurospora crassa possesses six putative xylanases and four putative xylosidases. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of all these xylanolytic enzymes was induced by xylan. Except for two intracellular β-xylosidases, others were shown to be secreted enzymes based on the localization analysis of EGFP-fusion proteins. Among them, GH10-1, GH10-2, GH11-1, and GH11-2 were successfully expressed and characterized as typical endo-β-1,4-xylanases that hydrolyze the xylooligosaccharides with a polymeric degree not less than three or four. Strains deleted for either gh10-1, gh10-2, gh3-7, or gh3-8 displayed decreased growth in xylan and biomass media. Disruption of gh3-7 or gh43-1 resulted in enhanced-xylanolytic enzyme activity when cultivated in biomass medium. Collectively, these results suggest that xylooligosaccharides released by the actions of xylanases and xylosidases not only serve as the carbon sources to maintain the growth of N. crassa, but they also act as inducers to trigger the expression of hydrolytic enzymes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Arioka
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Xian Y, Lv X, Xie M, Xiao F, Kong C, Ren Y. Physiological function and regulatory signal of intestinal type 3 innate lymphoid cell(s). Life Sci 2020; 262:118504. [PMID: 32991877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the three groups of innate lymphoid cells, the type 3 innate lymphoid cell(s) (ILC3) include the subgroup of enteric ILC3 that participates in many physiological functions of the organism, such as promoting the repair of damaged mucosa, maintaining the homeostasis of gut symbiotic microorganisms, and presenting specific antigens. ILC3 also includes splenic and decidual ILC3. Like other physiological processes in the organism, enteric ILC3 functions are precisely regulated at the endogenous and exogenous levels. However, there has been no review on the physiological functions and regulatory signals of intestinal ILC3. In this paper, based on the current research on the physiological functions of enteric ILC3 in animals and the human, we summarize the signals that regulate cytokine secretion, antigen presentation and the quantity of ILC3 under normal intestinal conditions. We discuss for the first time the classification of the promoting mechanism of secretagogues of ILC3 into direct and indirect types. We also propose that ILC3 can promote intestinal homeostasis, and intestinal homeostasis can ensure the physiological phenotype of ILC3. If homeostasis is disturbed, ILC3 may participate in intestinal pathological changes. Therefore, regulating ILC3 and maintaining intestinal homeostasis are critical to the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xian
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Minjia Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Fuyang Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Chenyang Kong
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of General Surgery, and Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China.
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22
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Abstract
The physiological processes of cells and organisms are regulated by various biological macromolecules, including long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which cannot be translated into protein and are different from small-noncoding RNAs on their length. In animals, lncRNAs are involved in development, metabolism, reproduction, aging and other life events by cis or trans effects. For many functional lncRNAs, there is growing evidence that they play different roles on cellular level and organismal level. On the other hand, many annotated lncRNAs are not essential and could be transcription noises. In this minireview, we investigate the physiological function of lncRNAs in cells and focus on their functions and functional mechanisms on the organismal level. The studies on lncRNAs using different classic animal models such as worms and flies are summarized and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Ge Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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Zhao J, Zhou Y, Guo M, Yue D, Chen C, Liang G, Xu L. MicroRNA-7: expression and function in brain physiological and pathological processes. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:77. [PMID: 32537124 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in regulating physiological function, and are becoming worldwide research hot spot in brain development and diseases. However, the exact value of miRNAs in brain physiological and pathological processes remain to be fully elucidated, which is vital for the application of miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for brain diseases. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7), as a highly expressed miRNA molecule in the mammalian brain, is well documented to play a critical role in development of various diseases. Importantly, accumulating evidence has shown that miR-7 is involved in a range of developmental and pathological processes of brain. Expressively, miR-7, encoded by three genes located different chromosomes, is dominantly expressed in neurons with sensory or neurosecretory. Moreover, the expression of miR-7 is regulated at three levels including gene transcription, process of primary and precursor sequence and formation of mature sequence. Physiologically, miR-7 principally governs the physiological development of Pituitary gland, Optic nervous system and Cerebral cortex. Pathologically, miR-7 can regulate multiple genes thereby manipulating the process of various brain diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, and mental disorders and so on. These emerging studies have shown that miR-7, a representative member of miRNA family, might be a novel intrinsic regulatory molecule involved in the physiological and pathological process of brain. Therefore, in-depth studies on the role of miR-7 in brain physiology and pathology undoubtedly not only provide a light on the roles of miRNAs in brain development and diseases, but also are much helpful for ultimate development of therapeutic strategies against brain diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of current scientific knowledge regarding the expression and function of miR-7 in development and disease of brain and raise many issues involved in the relationship between miR-7 and brain physiological and pathological processes.
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Sugiyama M, Ito T, Furukawa T, Hirayama A, Kakehata S. The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on the recovery of facial nerve function in a guinea pig model of facial palsy. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:28. [PMID: 32513097 PMCID: PMC10717557 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve palsy was investigated using an animal model. The facial nerve within the temporal bone was exposed and compressed by clamping. The animals were treated with either IGF-1 or saline which was topically administered by a gelatin-based sustained-release hydrogel via an intratemporal route. The recovery from facial nerve palsy was evaluated at 8 weeks postoperatively based on eyelid closure, complete recovery rate, electroneurography and number of axons found on the facial nerve. IGF-1 treatment resulted in significant improvement in the changes of the degree of eyelid closure over the total time period and complete recovery rate. A separate study showed that IGF-1 receptor mRNA was expressed in facial nerves up to 14 days after the nerve-clamping procedure. IGF-1 was thus found to be effective in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve palsy when topically applied using a sustained-release gelatin-based hydrogel via an intratemporal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Sugiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Furukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Kakehata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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Hu S, Chen Z, Vosátka M, Vymazal J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and physiological functions toward wetland plants under different water regimes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:137040. [PMID: 32044486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been widely reported to occur in the association with wetland plants. However, the factors that affect AMF colonization in wetland plants and physiological functions in AMF inoculated wetland plants are poorly studied. This study investigated the effects of four water regimes (below the surface of sands: water levels of 5 cm, 9 cm, 11 cm, and fluctuating water depth (9-11 cm)) on AMF root colonization in two wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea and Scirpus sylvaticus) which are commonly used in constructed wetland. Results showed that two lower water regimes were the most suitable for the formation of root colonization by AMF. Plant species did not show any significant difference in AMF colonization. The AMF colonization of 15.6-23.3% in the roots of both wetland plants were determined under the water regimes of 11 cm and 9-11 cm. In comparison to the non-inoculated plants, root length, shoot height, biomass, shoot total phosphorus and chlorophyll contents of both wetland plants under the fluctuating water regimes (9-11 cm) were increased by 35.4-46.2%, 13.1-26.6%, 33.3-114.3%, 25.7-80% and 14.3-24%, respectively. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both AMF inoculated wetland plants were decreased under the lower water levels, the MDA contents under the water regime of 11 cm were still high. Therefore, these results indicated that the physiological functions in wetland plants with high AMF colonization might be improved under a specific water regime condition (e.g. depth of fluctuating water regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zheng T, Zhang K, Zhu X, Guan L, Jiu S, Li X, Nasim M, Jia H, Fang J. Integrated metatranscriptome and transcriptome reveals the microbial community composition and physiological function of xylem sap on grapevine during bleeding period. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1095-1111. [PMID: 31236870 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The xylem sap of fruit trees ensures the survival during the dormant period, and its flow during the bleeding period is correlated with the start of a new life cycle. Though the simple exploration on ingredients in the sap was carried out in the early years, the specific life activities and physiology functions of the sap during bleeding period have not been reported yet and the bleeding period is still a fruit tree development period worthy of attention. OBJECTIVES In this study, the microbial community composition during bleeding period were revealed by metatranscriptome and transcriptomic data. For the first time, the microorganism genome and grape genome in xylem sap were analyzed on transcriptional level, based on which the main physiological functions of the sap were also determined. METHODS The genomic RNA in the sap was isolated and sequenced. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), Evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes Database (CAZy) functional annotation were used to analysis the function of micro-organisms in xylem sap. DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The genes responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were finally screened by transcriptome screening, stress data analysis and vitro validation experiments. RESULTS The analysis exhibited 36,144,564 micro-related clean reads and 244,213 unigene. KEGG, eggNOG and CAZy functional annotation analysis indicated that signal transduction and material metabolism were the most important function of xylem sap. DEGs analysis were mainly about disease resistance, carbon source metabolism and hormone signal transduction, especially in P3 vs P1, enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Analysis on grape genome information revealed xylem sap had little RNA with weak life activity. Metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction were the four pathways with the largest number of enriched genes. Moreover, 16 genes responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were screened out. CONCLUSION Promoting plant growth and resisting pathogens were the most important function of xylem sap during the bleeding period, and the function of microbial community were closely related to microorganisms growth and disease resistance. The 16 stress-related genes might be used for the future grape resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kekun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mazzullah Nasim
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Li X. Impacts of methamphetamine and ketamine on C.elegans's physiological functions at environmentally relevant concentrations and eco-risk assessment in surface waters. J Hazard Mater 2019; 363:268-276. [PMID: 30312923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, C. elegans as a model organism was treated with methamphetamine (METH) and ketamine (KET) to assess its eco-toxicity at a range (0.05-250 μg L-1) that covers environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05-0.5 μg L-1). METH (≥0.05 μg L-1) and KET (≥0.5 μg L-1) significantly affected the feeding rate, locomotion, gustation and olfaction (P < 0.05), which may result in pronounced disturbance to aquatic ecology. Alterations in the contents of neurotransmitters (i.e., octopamine (OA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT)) correlated with the physiology change. The metabolic activities and the antioxidase activity (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) of METH and KET in C. elegans were different, which could partly explain the difference of the physiological changes induced by the two substances. Moreover, these two drugs could induce vulva deformity, and the 50% effect concentrations were 620.34 μg L-1 for METH and 54.39 μg L-1 for KET, respectively. The risk quotients (RQ) in two Chinese rivers, the Shenzhen and Liangshui River, were calculated to assess eco-risks of METH and KET. RQs of KET in the Shenzhen River were over 0.1 at the medium risk level, indicating that eco-risks of illicit drugs to aquatic organism cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zeqiong Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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28
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Abstract
Enterochromaffin cells (ECs), known for their special histochemical characteristics, originate from enteroblasts. For their important role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, ECs in the gut could synthesize and secrete about 95% of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the body, which is an important humoral factor. As a chemosensor, ECs can regulate nutrition absorption and satiety through the sensory neural pathways. In addition, ECs participate in immune regulation. What's more, ECs and 5-HT are closely related to many kinds of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ze-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Di
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Wang
- International College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Sheng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Abstract
RNA localization serves numerous purposes from controlling development and differentiation to supporting the physiological activities of cells and organisms. After a brief introduction into the history of the study of mRNA localization I will focus on animal systems, describing in which cellular compartments and in which cell types mRNA localization was observed and studied. In recent years numerous novel localization patterns have been described, and countless mRNAs have been documented to accumulate in specific subcellular compartments. These fascinating revelations prompted speculations about the purpose of localizing all these mRNAs. In recent years experimental evidence for an unexpected variety of different functions has started to emerge. Aside from focusing on the functional aspects, I will discuss various ways of localizing mRNAs with a focus on the mechanism of active and directed transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Structural studies combined with imaging of transport and biochemical studies have contributed to the enormous recent progress, particularly in understanding how dynein/dynactin/BicD (DDB) dependent transport on microtubules works. This transport process actively localizes diverse cargo in similar ways to the minus end of microtubules and, at least in flies, also individual mRNA molecules. A sophisticated mechanism ensures that cargo loading licenses processive transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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30
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Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7), a CC chemokine, is a chemotactic factor and attractant for various kinds of leukocytes, including monocytes and neutrophils. CCL7 is widely expressed in multiple cell types and can participate in anti-inflammatory responses through binding to its receptors to mediate the recruitment of immune cells. Abnormal CCL7 expression is associated with certain immune diseases. Furthermore, CCL7 plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. CCL7 promotes tumor progression by supporting the formation of the tumor microenvironment and facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis, although some studies have suggested that CCL7 has tumor suppressor effects. In this review, we summarize the currently available information regarding the influence of CCL7 on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Cai
- First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Recent research on the physiological functions, applications, and biotechnological production of D-allose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4269-4278. [PMID: 29577167 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
D-Allose is a rare monosaccharide, which rarely appears in the natural environment. D-Allose has an 80% sweetness relative to table sugar but is ultra-low calorie and non-toxic and is thus an ideal candidate to take the place of table sugar in food products. It displays unique health benefits and physiological functions in various fields, including food systems, clinical treatment, and the health care fields. However, it is difficult to produce chemically. The biotechnological production of D-allose has become a research hotspot in recent years. Therefore, an overview of recent studies on the physiological functions, applications, and biotechnological production of D-allose is presented. In this review, the physiological functions of D-allose are introduced in detail. In addition, the different types of D-allose-producing enzymes are compared for their enzymatic properties and for the biotechnological production of D-allose. To date, very little information is available on the molecular modification and food-grade expression of D-allose-producing enzymes, representing a very large research space yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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32
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Abstract
Phospholipases are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipid substrates at specific ester bonds. Phospholipases are widespread in nature and play very diverse roles from aggression in snake venom to signal transduction, lipid mediator production, and metabolite digestion in humans. Phospholipases vary considerably in structure, function, regulation, and mode of action. Tremendous advances in understanding the structure and function of phospholipases have occurred in the last decades. This introductory chapter is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of phospholipases and a discussion of their mechanisms of action and emerging biological functions.
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Chi YH, Kim SY, Lee ES, Jung YJ, Park JH, Paeng SK, Oh HT, Melencion SM, Alinapon CV, Lee SY. AtSRP1, SMALL RUBBER PARTICLE PROTEIN HOMOLOG, functions in pollen growth and development in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:223-9. [PMID: 27208780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel roles of SMALL RUBBER PARTICLE PROTEIN Homolog in the non-rubber-producing plant Arabidopsis (AtSRP1), we isolated a T-DNA-insertion knock-out mutant (FLAG_543A05) and investigated its functional characteristics. AtSRP1 is predominantly expressed in reproductive organs and is localized to lipid droplets and ER. Compared to wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis, atsrp1 plants contain small siliques with a reduced number of heterogeneously shaped seeds. The size of anther and pollen grains in atsrp1 is highly irregular, with a lower grain number than WT. Therefore, AtSRP1 plays a novel role related to pollen growth and development in a non-rubber-producing plant.
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Richardson A, Fischer KE, Speakman JR, de Cabo R, Mitchell SJ, Peterson CA, Rabinovitch P, Chiao YA, Taffet G, Miller RA, Rentería RC, Bower J, Ingram DK, Ladiges WC, Ikeno Y, Sierra F, Austad SN. Measures of Healthspan as Indices of Aging in Mice-A Recommendation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:427-30. [PMID: 26297941 PMCID: PMC4834833 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a large number of discoveries have shown that interventions (genetic, pharmacological, and nutritional) increase the lifespan of invertebrates and laboratory rodents. Therefore, the possibility of developing antiaging interventions for humans has gone from a dream to a reality. However, it has also become apparent that we need more information than just lifespan to evaluate the translational potential of any proposed antiaging intervention to humans. Information is needed on how an intervention alters the "healthspan" of an animal, that is, how the physiological functions that change with age are altered. In this report, we describe the utility and the limitations of assays in mice currently available for measuring a wide range of physiological functions that potentially impact quality of life. We encourage investigators and reviewers alike to expect at minimum an overall assessment of health in several domains across several ages before an intervention is labeled as "increasing healthspan." In addition, it is important that investigators indicate any tests in which the treated group did worse or did not differ statistically from controls because overall health is a complex phenotype, and no intervention discovered to date improves every aspect of health. Finally, we strongly recommend that functional measurements be performed in both males and females so that sex differences in the rate of functional decline in different domains are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlan Richardson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center. Oklahoma City VA Medical Center.
| | | | - John R Speakman
- University of Aberdeen, UK. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Ying A Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - George Taffet
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - René C Rentería
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Health Restoration, and Care Systems Management and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - James Bower
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Cruz
| | - Donald K Ingram
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Felipe Sierra
- Biology of Aging Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wang D, Xu C, Wang T, Li H, Li Y, Ren J, Tian Y, Li Z, Jiao Y, Kang X, Liu X. Discovery and functional characterization of leptin and its receptors in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:1-12. [PMID: 26342967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an important endocrine regulation factor of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals; however, the existence of a poultry leptin gene (LEP) is still debated. Here, for the first time, we report the cloning of a partial exon 3 sequence of LEP (qLEP) and four different leptin receptor splicing variants, including a long receptor (qLEPRl) and three soluble receptors (qLEPR-a, qLEPR-b and qLEPR-c) in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The qLEP gene had high GC content (64%), which is similar to other reported avian leptin genes. The encoded qLEP protein possessed the conserved pair of cysteine residues that are required to form a lasso knot for full biological activity, but shared relatively low identities with LEPs of other vertebrates. The translated qLEPRl protein contained 1143 amino acids and shared high amino acid sequence identity with a chicken homolog (89% identity). qLEPRl also contained all the motifs, domains, and basic tyrosine residues that are conserved in the LEPRl proteins of other vertebrates. qRT-PCR analysis showed that LEP and the four LEPR variants were expressed extensively in all tissues examined; the expression levels of LEP were relatively high in hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, while the expression levels of the LEPRs were highest in the pituitary. Compared with the expression levels of juvenile qLEP and total qLEPR (including all LEPR variants), the expression levels of mature qLEP and total qLEPR were up-regulated in the hypothalamus and pituitary, and down-regulated in the ovary. The expressions of LEP/LEPR increased when fasting and decreased when refeeding in the brain and peripheral tissues of juvenile quail, which suggested that the LEP/LEPR system modulated food intake and energy expenditure, although, unlike in mammals, LEP may actually act to inhibit food intake during fasting, at least in juvenile quail. The results indicate that qLEP and qLEPR have unique expression patterns and that the encoded proteins play important roles in the regulation of reproduction and energy status in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunlin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Taian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junxiao Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuping Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Butler AA, Lord SR, Taylor JL, Fitzpatrick RC. Ability versus hazard: risk-taking and falls in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:628-34. [PMID: 25387729 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older people, undue risk taking could lead to falls, irrespective of physical ability. We investigated the interaction between risk-taking behavior and physical ability and its contribution to falls. METHODS Participants (N = 294, age ≥ 70) were asked to walk as quickly as possible to a visible destination by choosing one of six paths. Each contained a raised plank that had to be walked along without falling. The shortest path had the narrowest and tallest plank and the longest had the widest and lowest. Behavioral risk was defined as the probability of falling off the chosen plank. This was estimated from a ground path walking task because, for safety, participants were stopped before crossing the plank. Self-reported everyday risk-taking behavior, fear of falling, physical functioning, and 1-year prospective fall rates were measured. RESULTS Older participants and those with poor physical ability chose easier planks to cross. Participants with good physical ability consistently took a slight behavioral risk, whereas those with poor physical ability took either very-high behavioral risks or chose the overly safe path with no risk. Unexpectedly, participants reporting cautious behavior on the everyday risk-taking behavior scale took greater behavioral risks. Independent of physical performance, behavioral risk was significantly associated with falls during the subsequent year. CONCLUSIONS Assessing behavioral choice in relation to physical ability can identify risk-taking but neither the difficulty of a chosen action nor self-reports of risk-taking behavior are sufficient. Risk-taking behavior is an independent risk factor for falls and management of undue risk-taking might complement existing fall prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A Butler
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet L Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard C Fitzpatrick
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Kim J, Choi WJ, Jeong SH. The effects of physical activity on breast cancer survivors after diagnosis. J Cancer Prev 2014; 18:193-200. [PMID: 25337546 PMCID: PMC4189463 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2013.18.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse health outcomes are often seen in breast cancer survivors due to prolonged treatment with side effects such as loss of energy and lack of physical strength. Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as an adequate intervention for women with breast cancer. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of physical activity on breast cancer survivors after diagnosis. We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1980 and May 2013. We included a variety of studies such as randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, and clinical trials. We reviewed these studies for three major outcomes: changes in breast cancer mortality, physiological functions, and metabolic biomarkers. Of 127 studies, 33 studies were selected as eligible studies. These studies included physical activities of varying type, duration, frequency, and intensity (e.g., aerobic and resistance training) and examined changes in three major outcomes among breast cancer survivors. Many of the studies suggest that breast cancer survivors benefit from engaging in physical activity, but some studies were limited in their ability to provide adequate evidence due to relatively small sample sizes, short intervention periods, or high attrition. Based on epidemiological evidence, recent studies demonstrated that those breast cancer survivors who engaged in physical activity significantly lowered their risk of breast cancer mortality and improved their physiological and immune functions. Some studies demonstrated changes in metabolic biomarkers such as insulin and insulin-like growth factors. However, further investigation is required to support these findings because these results are not consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wook Jin Choi
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Jeong
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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