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Castellá M, Mestres-Arenas A, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Blasco-Roset A, Quesada-López T, Romero-Carramiñana I, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Cereijo R. The splicing factor SF3B1 is involved in brown adipocyte thermogenic activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116014. [PMID: 38158020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of alternative splicing mechanisms to control gene expression is increasingly being recognized as relevant for adipose tissue function. The expression of SF3B1, a key component of the SF3B complex directly involved in spliceosome formation, was previously reported to be significantly induced in brown adipose tissue under cold-induced thermogenic activation. Here, we identify that noradrenergic cAMP-mediated thermogenic stimulation increases SF3B1 expression in brown and beige adipocytes. We further show that pladienolide-B, a drug that binds SF3B1 to inhibit pre-mRNA splicing by targeting the SF3B complex, down-regulates key components of the thermogenic machinery (e.g., UCP1 gene expression), differentially alters the expression of alternative splicing-regulated transcripts encoding molecular actors involved in the oxidative metabolism of brown adipocytes (e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-alpha [PGC-1α] and cytochrome oxidase subunit 7a genes), and impairs the respiratory activity of brown adipocytes. Similar alterations were found in brown adipocytes with siRNA-mediated knockdown of SF3B1 protein levels. Our findings collectively indicate that SF3B1 is a key factor in the appropriate thermogenic activation of differentiated brown adipocytes. This work exemplifies the importance of splicing processes in adaptive thermogenesis and suggests that pharmacological tools, such as pladienolide-B, may be used to modulate brown adipocyte thermogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Castellá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Mestres-Arenas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Romero-Carramiñana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM); Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Alors-Perez E, Blázquez-Encinas R, Alcalá S, Viyuela-García C, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Herrero-Aguayo V, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Mafficini A, Sánchez-Frías ME, Cano MT, Abollo-Jiménez F, Marín-Sanz JA, Cabezas-Sainz P, Lawlor RT, Luchini C, Sánchez L, Sánchez-Hidalgo JM, Ventura S, Martin-Hijano L, Gahete MD, Scarpa A, Arjona-Sánchez Á, Ibáñez-Costa A, Sainz B, Luque RM, Castaño JP. Dysregulated splicing factor SF3B1 unveils a dual therapeutic vulnerability to target pancreatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells with an anti-splicing drug. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:382. [PMID: 34857016 PMCID: PMC8638119 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer, requiring novel treatments to target both cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Altered splicing is emerging as both a novel cancer hallmark and an attractive therapeutic target. The core splicing factor SF3B1 is heavily altered in cancer and can be inhibited by Pladienolide-B, but its actionability in PDAC is unknown. We explored the presence and role of SF3B1 in PDAC and interrogated its potential as an actionable target. Methods SF3B1 was analyzed in PDAC tissues, an RNA-seq dataset, and publicly available databases, examining associations with splicing alterations and key features/genes. Functional assays in PDAC cell lines and PDX-derived CSCs served to test Pladienolide-B treatment effects in vitro, and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. Results SF3B1 was overexpressed in human PDAC and associated with tumor grade and lymph-node involvement. SF3B1 levels closely associated with distinct splicing event profiles and expression of key PDAC players (KRAS, TP53). In PDAC cells, Pladienolide-B increased apoptosis and decreased multiple tumor-related features, including cell proliferation, migration, and colony/sphere formation, altering AKT and JNK signaling, and favoring proapoptotic splicing variants (BCL-XS/BCL-XL, KRASa/KRAS, Δ133TP53/TP53). Importantly, Pladienolide-B similarly impaired CSCs, reducing their stemness capacity and increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Pladienolide-B also reduced PDAC/CSCs xenograft tumor growth in vivo in zebrafish and in mice. Conclusion SF3B1 overexpression represents a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC, as altered splicing can be targeted with Pladienolide-B both in cancer cells and CSCs, paving the way for novel therapies for this lethal cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02153-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Alors-Perez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Viyuela-García
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina E Sánchez-Frías
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T Cano
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Abollo-Jiménez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan A Marín-Sanz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan M Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Ventura
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Álvaro Arjona-Sánchez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área Cáncer, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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3
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López-Cánovas JL, Del Rio-Moreno M, García-Fernandez H, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Moreno-Montilla MT, Sánchez-Frias ME, Amado V, L-López F, Fondevila MF, Ciria R, Gómez-Luque I, Briceño J, Nogueiras R, de la Mata M, Castaño JP, Rodriguez-Perálvarez M, Luque RM, Gahete MD. Splicing factor SF3B1 is overexpressed and implicated in the aggressiveness and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 496:72-83. [PMID: 33038489 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Splicing alterations represent an actionable cancer hallmark. Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) is a crucial splicing factor that can be targeted pharmacologically (e.g. pladienolide-B). Here, we show that SF3B1 is overexpressed (RNA/protein) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in two retrospective (n = 154 and n = 172 samples) and in five in silico cohorts (n > 900 samples, including TCGA) and that its expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness, oncogenic splicing variants expression (KLF6-SV1, BCL-XL) and decreased overall survival. In vitro, SF3B1 silencing reduced cell viability, proliferation and migration and its pharmacological blockade with pladienolide-B inhibited proliferation, migration, and formation of tumorspheres and colonies in liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, SNU-387), whereas its effects on normal-like hepatocyte-derived THLE-2 proliferation were negligible. Pladienolide-B also reduced the in vivo growth and the expression of tumor-markers in Hep3B-induced xenograft tumors. Moreover, SF3B1 silencing and/or blockade markedly modulated the activation of key signaling pathways (PDK1, GSK3b, ERK, JNK, AMPK) and the expression of cancer-associated genes (CDK4, CD24) and oncogenic SVs (KLF6-SV1). Therefore, the genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of SF3B1 may represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy worth to be explored through randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L López-Cánovas
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Mercedes Del Rio-Moreno
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Helena García-Fernandez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - M Trinidad Moreno-Montilla
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Marina E Sánchez-Frias
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Víctor Amado
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Rubén Ciria
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Javier Briceño
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Perálvarez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, 14004, Spain.
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