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Piatti PM, Cioni M, Magistro A, Villa V, Crippa VG, Galluccio E, Fontana B, Spadoni S, Bosi E, Monti LD, Alfieri O. Basal insulin therapy is associated with beneficial effects on postoperative infective complications, independently from circulating glucose levels in patients admitted for cardiac surgery. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017; 7:47-53. [PMID: 29067250 PMCID: PMC5651296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of insulin per se on infective complications during cardiac surgery was evaluated. Eight hundred twelve patients were included. Insulin therapy decreased infections independently from glycemic levels. Basal + premeal insulin therapy is well tolerated without severe hypoglycemia cases.
Background Although hyperglycemia is a strong predictor of postoperative infective complications (PIC), little is known about the effect of basal insulin therapy (BIT) per se on PIC. Aim To evaluate if there is an association between BIT, independent of glucose levels, and a possible improvement of PIC during the perioperative cardiosurgery period (PCP). Methods In 812 patients admitted for cardiac intervention and treated with a continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIII) for hyperglycemic levels (>130 mg/dl), a retrospective analysis was performed during the PCP (January 2009–December 2011). Upon transfer to the cardiac surgery division, if fasting glucose was ≥130 mg/dl, a basal + premeal insulin therapy was initiated (121 patients, group 1); for <130 mg/dl, a premeal insulin alone was initiated (691 patients, group 2). Findings Compared with group 2, group 1 showed reductions in PIC (2.48% vs 7.96%, p < 0.049; odds ratio: 0.294; 95% CI: 0.110–0.780), C-Reactive Protein (p < 0.05) and white blood cell (p < 0.05) levels despite glucose levels and CIII that were higher during the first two days after surgery (179.8 ± 25.3 vs 169.5 ± 10.6 mg/dl, p < 0.01; 0.046 ± 0.008 vs 0.037 ± 0.015 U/kg/h, p < 0.05, respectively). Normal glucose levels were achieved in both groups from day 3 before the discharge. The mean length of hospital duration was 18% lower in group 1 than in group 2 (7.21 ± 05.08 vs 8.76 ± 9.08 days, p < 0.007), providing a significant impact on public health costs. Conclusions Basal + preprandial insulin therapy was associated with a lower frequency of PIC than preprandial insulin therapy alone, suggesting a beneficial effect of basal insulin therapy on post-surgery outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Piatti
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cioni
- Cardio-Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Magistro
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V Villa
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V G Crippa
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Galluccio
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - B Fontana
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Spadoni
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Bosi
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy.,Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L D Monti
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - O Alfieri
- Cardio-Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
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