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Duchene Y, Simon FR, Ertel GN, Maciejewski H, Gauchard GC, Mornieux G. The stroke rate influences performance, technique and core stability during rowing ergometer. Sports Biomech 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38205960 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stroke rate on performance, technique and core stability during rowing ergometer. Twenty-four high-level rowers performed maximal intensity one-minute bouts at 20, 28 and 34 spm on a RowPerfect3 ergometer. Power at the handle, legs, trunk and arms levels were determined, and core kinematics and neuromuscular activations were measured. The power at the handle was enhanced with a higher stroke rate in the first half of the drive phase due to higher segment's powers. This resulted in technical changes, as for instance greater mean to peak power ratio at each segment level. The higher trunk power preceded a delayed trunk extension but without significant increase in the erector spinae activation. This underlines the role of the core stability to transfer forces at a higher stroke rate. However, no co-activation parameters between trunk flexors and extensors helped further to understand this force transfer. Rowing at low stroke rate can be a training strategy to work on earlier trunk extension, while maintaining erectors spinae levels of activation. Training at higher stroke rate will induce a rowing technique closer to competition with greater neuromuscular activations, and maximise power production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Duchene
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric R Simon
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Geoffrey N Ertel
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
| | | | - Gérome C Gauchard
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Mornieux
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Lorraine, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
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2
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Hurlbert MA, Akpan J. Dialectic narratives, hostile actors, and Earth's resources in Saskatchewan, Canada. Sustain Sci 2022; 18:285-301. [PMID: 36157091 PMCID: PMC9485019 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper uses networks of action situations (NAS) together with actor network theory (ANT) to identify the decisions that were made in Saskatchewan regarding power production and explore what future choices are available in the context of climate change. A theoretical and methodological contribution to NAS literature is made with focus on interconnected human and non-human objects (carbon, hydro, and uranium) or 'actants' and the development of discourses supporting or opposing their development. Actants provide the nodes of focus, while discourses explain the development of actants and their links. Identification and explanation of the emergence and recession of actants on the Saskatchewan landscape are analyzed with diagnostics of telecoupled systems, polycentric governance, and flows of faction situations. Focus group and survey data are used to identify future pathways and imaginaries of power production and the actants of carbon, hydro and uranium. Actants of carbon (coal) and hydro are possibly kept alive with carbon capture and storage and import of hydro-electricity from the distant action situation in a neighboring province (if the necessary infrastructure is built). While actants of renewables are strongly emerging, uranium currently mined on the Saskatchewan landscape is receiving strong support by government due to the possibility of small modular reactors (SMRs). This expanded theoretical conception of NAS illustrates distant action situations impact on local narratives and decision-making and dynamics of polycentric governance that are neither top down nor collaborative. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01214-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A. Hurlbert
- Canada Research Chair, Energy, Climate Change, and Sustainability Policy, Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK Canada
| | - Jane Akpan
- Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK Canada
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3
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Sriram S, Nambi IM, Chetty R. Tubular Sediment-Water Electrolytic Fuel Cell for Dual-Phase Hexavalent Chromium Reduction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:41742-41756. [PMID: 35098471 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel tubular sediment-water electrolytic fuel cell (SWEFC) was fabricated for the reduction of Cr(VI) in a dual-phase system. The approach simulates a standing water body with Cr(VI)-contaminated overlying water (electrolyte) and bottom sediment phase with electrodes placed in both the phases, supplemented with urea as a potential electron donor. Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of 93.2 ± 1.3% from electrolyte (in 1.5 h) and 81.2 ± 1.3% from the sediment phase (in 8 h) with an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 1,000 mg/L was observed in a single-cell configuration. The effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration, variation in sediment salinity and pH, and different electron donors on the SWEFC performance were systematically investigated. SWEFC showed enhanced performance with 2.4-fold higher current (193.9 mA) at 400 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration when cow dung was used as a low-cost alternative to urea as an electron donor. Furthermore, reactor scalability studies were carried out with nine-anode and nine-cathode configuration (3 L electrolyte and 2 kg sediment), and reduction efficiencies of 98.9 ± 0.9% (in 1 h) and 97.6 ± 2.2% (in 8 h) were observed from the electrolyte and sediment phases, respectively. The proposed sediment-water electrolytic fuel cell can be an advanced and environmentally benign strategy for Cr(VI) remediation from contaminated sediment-water interfaces along with electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Sriram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Indumathi M Nambi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Raghuram Chetty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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4
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Liu SH, Lin HH, Lin CW. Gaseous isopropanol removal in a microbial fuel cell with deoxidizing anode: Performance, anode characteristics and microbial community. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:127200. [PMID: 34537644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A deoxidizing packing material (DPM) with an encapsulated deoxidizing agent (DA) was developed to construct the packed anodes of a trickle-bed microbial fuel cell (TB-MFC) for treating waste gas. The encapsulated DA can consume O2 in waste gas and increase the voltage output and power density (PD) of the constructed TB-MFC. The DPM effectively enables the circulating water in TB-MFC for maintaining a low level of dissolved oxygen for 80 h. The results revealed that when the concentration of isopropanol (IPA) in waste gas was 0.74 g/m3, the TB-MFC (DPM with DA) exhibited an IPA removal efficiency (RE) of up to 99.7%. When DPM with DA was used as the packing material of the TB-MFC (486.6 mW/m3), the PD was 2.54 times that obtained when using coke as the packing material (191.6 mW/m3). The next-generation sequencing results demonstrated that because the oxygen content of the MFC anode chamber decreased over time in the TB-MFC, the richness of anaerobic electrogens (Pseudoxanthomonas, Flavobacterium, and Ferruginibacter) in the packing materials was increased. These electrogens mainly attached to the DPM, and IPA-degraders appeared in the circulating water of the TB-MFC. This enabled the TB-MFC to simultaneously achieve a high voltage output and IPA RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Hui Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wen Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
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5
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Pfister S, Scherer L, Buxmann K. Water scarcity footprint of hydropower based on a seasonal approach - Global assessment with sensitivities of model assumptions tested on specific cases. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138188. [PMID: 32247123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to ISO 14046 the quantification of the water scarcity footprint (WSFP) of hydropower reservoirs has to consider (1) the evaporation of water from the surface of the reservoir, (2) the baseline evaporation of water of the same area before the reservoir has been built, and (3) the water scarcity index of the location of the reservoir on a spatially and temporally explicit level. When a reservoir has a storing function, e.g., for irrigation in the dry season, monthly water scarcity indexes have to be used in order to calculate the WSFP, since storage in wet seasons and release in dry seasons can counteract water scarcity and lead to a reduction of overall water scarcity in the watershed. This paper builds on previous research regarding detailed hydropower modeling and extends the water scarcity assessment to include and advance new methods for identifying sensitivities in monthly WSFP of hydropower due to the choice of impact assessment methods. We applied the global analysis to 1473 hydropower plants covering >100 countries, and added a detailed assessment for a subset of important power plants to discuss the limitations of global assessments. We thereby provide the most complete WSFP of global hydropower with state-of-the-art methods, assess the robustness of the global model and different methodological choices, and provide new monthly average AWARE CFs on watershed level. The results show that water scarcity can often be mitigated if the net evaporation is compensated by the storage effects. The two water scarcity metrics applied lead to larger differences than expected, since the monthly dynamics of dams can lead to stronger differences than the differences in the applied water scarcity factors. The new insights help to better understand the WSFP of hydropower and its uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pfister
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8039 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kristensen AM, MacDougall KB, MacIntosh BR, Overgaard K. Is curvature of the force-velocity relationship affected by oxygen availability? Evidence from studies in ex vivo and in situ rat muscles. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:597-608. [PMID: 32415461 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The power of shortening contractions in skeletal muscle is determined by the force-velocity relationship. Fatigue has been reported to either increase or decrease the force-velocity curvature depending on experimental circumstances. These discrepant findings may be related to experimental differences in oxygen availability. We therefore investigated how the curvature of the force-velocity relationship in soleus and gastrocnemius rat muscles is affected during fatigue, in both an ex vivo setup without an intact blood perfusion and in an in situ setup with an intact blood perfusion. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of reduced oxygen concentrations and reduced diffusion distance on the curvature of the force-velocity relationship in ex vivo muscles, where muscle oxygen uptake relies on diffusion from the incubation medium. Muscles were electrically stimulated to perform repeated shortening contractions and force-velocity curves were determined in rested and fatigued conditions. The curvature increased during fatigue in the soleus muscles (both in situ and ex vivo), and decreased for the gastrocnemius muscles (in situ) or remained unchanged (ex vivo). Furthermore, under ex vivo conditions, neither reduced oxygen concentrations nor reduced diffusion distance conferred any substantial effect on the force-velocity curvature. In contrast, reduced oxygen availability and increased diffusion distance did increase the loss of maximal power during fatigue, mainly due to additional decreases in isometric force. We conclude that oxygen availability does not influence the fatigue-induced changes in force-velocity curvature. Rather, the observed variable fatigue profiles with regard to changes in curvature seem to be linked to the muscle fiber-type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K B MacDougall
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B R MacIntosh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Kristensen AM, Nielsen OB, Pedersen TH, Overgaard K. Fatiguing stimulation increases curvature of the force-velocity relationship in isolated fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204545. [PMID: 31292165 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, the ability to generate power is reduced during fatigue. In isolated muscles, maximal power can be calculated from the force-velocity relationship. This relationship is well described by the Hill equation, which contains three parameters: (1) maximal isometric force, (2) maximum contraction velocity and (3) curvature. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that a fatigue-induced loss of power is associated with changes in curvature of the force-velocity curve in slow-twitch muscles but not in fast-twitch muscles during the development of fatigue. Isolated rat soleus (slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) muscles were incubated in Krebs-Ringer solution at 30°C and stimulated electrically at 60 Hz (soleus) and 150 Hz (EDL) to perform a series of concentric contractions to fatigue. Force-velocity data were fitted to the Hill equation, and curvature was determined as the ratio of the curve parameters a/F 0 (inversely related to curvature). At the end of the fatiguing protocol, maximal power decreased by 58±5% in the soleus and 69±4% in the EDL compared with initial values in non-fatigued muscles. At the end of the fatiguing sequence, curvature increased as judged from the decrease in a/F 0 by 81±20% in the soleus and by 31±12% in the EDL. However, during the initial phases of fatiguing stimulation, we observed a small decrease in curvature in the EDL, but not in the soleus, which may be a result of post-activation potentiation. In conclusion, fatigue-induced loss of power is strongly associated with an increased curvature of the force-velocity relationship, particularly in slow-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole B Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou M. A photosynthetic algal microbial fuel cell for treating swine wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:6182-6190. [PMID: 30617897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A photosynthetic algal (Chlorella vulgaris) microbial fuel cell (PAMFC) with double chambers was adopted for power production and removal of carbon and nitrogen in swine sewerage that could provide nutrients for the growth of C. vulgaris. C. vulgaris was expected to utilize carbon dioxide (CO2) delivered from the anode chamber and generate oxygen as an electron acceptor by photosynthesis. PAMFC presented a maximum voltage output of 0.747 V and a maximum power density of 3720 mW/m3 at 240 h, much higher than that of the standalone MFC. 85.6%, 70.2%, and 93.9% removal of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively, were obtained in the anode chamber of the PAMFC system, while the corresponding removal in MFC was 83.1%, 56.0%, and 87.2%, respectively. PAMFC also presented a much higher removal of ammonia nitrogen (68.7%) in the cathode chamber than MFC (47.5%). The results indicated the superiority of the PAMFC device for carbon and nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu D, Xiao E, Xu D, Xu P, Zhang X, Zhou Q, He F, Wu Z. Relationship between electrogenic performance and physiological change of four wetland plants in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells during non-growing seasons. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:54-62. [PMID: 30037411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To find suitable wetland plants for constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs), four commonly used wetland plants, including Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius L., Acorus calamus, and Arundo donax, were investigated for their electrogenic performance and physiological changes during non-growing seasons. The maximum power output of 12.82mW/m2 was achieved in the A. donax CW-MFC only when root exudates were being released. The results also showed that use of an additional carbon source could remarkably improve the performance of electricity generation in the C. indica and A. donax CW-MFCs at relatively low temperatures (2-15°C). However, A. calamus withered before the end of the experiment, whereas the other three plants survived the winter safely, although their relative growth rate values and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) significantly declined, and free proline and malondialdehyde significantly accumulated in their leaves. On the basis of correlation analysis, temperature had a greater effect on plant physiology than voltage. The results offer a valuable reference for plant selection for CW-MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Enrong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Xie S, Ouyang K, Ye X. A novel visible-light responsive photocatalytic fuel cell with a heterostructured BiVO 4/WO 3 photoanode and a Pt/C air-breathing cathode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:758-766. [PMID: 30125840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterostructured BiVO4/WO3 photoanodes were successfully prepared via a two-step method of hydrothermal deposition and impregnation. The optimized BiVO4/WO3 sample showed the highest photocurrent density of ∼880 μA/cm2 at 0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M KH2PO4 aqueous solution (pH 7) under simulated AM1.5 illumination. The optimized BiVO4/WO3 photoanode was coupled with a Pt/C air-breathing cathode to build up a visible-light responsive PFC system. The as-prepared PFC system showed outstanding photoelectrocatalytic performances in converting organics into electricity, and when glucose was used as the 'fuel', the maximum power density (Pmax) and the short-circuit current density (Isc) were 8.58 μW/cm2 and 91.8 μA/cm2, respectively. Degradation experiments showed that the removal rate of tetracycline hydrochloride in PFC with BiVO4/WO3 photoanode and Pt/C air-breathing cathode was ∼87.2% in 8 h, which was much higher than photolysis and photocatalysis process. The mechanism responsible for the enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of the as-prepared PFC system was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Ke Ouyang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xinyi Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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11
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Tang X, Ng HY. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate immobilized to conductive polypyrrole hydrogel as a bioanode to enhance power production in microbial fuel cell. Bioresour Technol 2017; 244:452-455. [PMID: 28800554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a redox mediator, was covalently bound to conductive polypyrrole hydrogel (CPH) via electrochemical reduction of the in-situ-generated AQS diazonium salts. The porous structure and hydrophilic surface of this CPH/AQS anode enhanced biofilm formation while the AQS bound on the CPH/AQS anode worked as a redox mediator. The CPH/AQS bioanode reduced the charge transfer resistance from 28.3Ω to 4.1Ω while increased the maximum power density from 762±37mW/m2 to 1919±69mW/m2, compared with the bare anode. These results demonstrated that the facile synthesis of the CPH/AQS anode provided an efficient route to enhance the power production of microbial fuel cell (MFC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether both suspension training (ST) and traditional training (TT) can improve Sanda athlete's strength quality of trunk muscles and to explore the effect of suspension training on Sanda athletes' trunk muscle power production. Twelve elite Sanda athletes from the Competitive Sports School of Shanghai University of Sport were randomly assigned to experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). EG and CG were regularly trained with suspension training and traditional strength training for 40 minutes three times per week. The total duration of training was 10 weeks. The measurements including peak torque (PT), PT/body weight (BW), and rate of force development (RFD) were used to assess trunk muscles strength. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups' performance when it was tested at the higher velocity of dynamometer (test of muscle power), but less significant differences when the two groups performance was tested at the lower velocity of dynamometer (test of maximum strength). The conclusion of this study is that compared with traditional training methods, suspension training can improve back and trunk flexion muscles strength more effectively. In particular, suspension training can improve the explosive power of trunk extension and flexion muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Ma
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Tai Chi Culture, Handan University, Handan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Shandong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan, China
| | - An Lu
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,College of Foreign Studies, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Advanced Vocational Technical College, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyin Jiang
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Zou H, Wang Y. Azo dyes wastewater treatment and simultaneous electricity generation in a novel process of electrolysis cell combined with microbial fuel cell. Bioresour Technol 2017; 235:167-175. [PMID: 28365344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new process of electrolysis cell (EC) coupled with microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed here and its feasibility in methyl red (MR) wastewater treatment and simultaneous electricity generation was assessed. Results indicate that an excellent MR removal and electricity production performance was achieved, where the decolorization and COD removal efficiencies were 100% and 89.3%, respectively and a 0.56V of cell voltage output was generated. Electrolysis voltage showed a positive influence on decolorization rate (DR) but also cause a rapid decrease in current efficiency (CE). Although a low COD removal rate of 38.5% was found in EC system, biodegradability of MR solution was significantly enhanced, where the averaged DR was 85.6%. Importantly, COD removal rate in EC-MFC integrated process had a 50.8% improvement compared with the single EC system. The results obtained here would be beneficial to provide a prospective alternative for azo dyes wastewater treatment and power production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zou
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Bengbu 234000, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road, Fengyang 233100, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Bengbu 234000, China
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14
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Abstract
Walking, swimming, cycling, and running are cyclic movements that are often performed in training programs or rehabilitation protocols by athletes or people with neuromotor disorders. The muscular and kinematic activities that are acquired during cyclic movements reveal control principles, especially for the optimization and stabilization of motor performance, for a given criterion in rehabilitation processes. The influence of external loads and resistive forces on limb movements should be considered in rehabilitation protocols and when assessing physical activity levels or defining activity patterns for the artificial control of limb movements. This chapter focuses on special cyclic limb movements: lower and upper limb cycling. Two aspects of this research and applications are discussed. First, variances of movement patterns are examined at different levels of the motor system (endpoint, joint configuration, muscle) during unimanual right and left arm cycling and bimanual cycling movements. Second, it is shown that the muscle activity patterns that are acquired during lower and upper limb cycling in able-bodied people may be used to define and improve stimulation patterns for functional electrical stimulation-driven cycling movements in spinal cord-injured individuals. This report also discusses the advantages of the application and control of these types of movements for the rehabilitation of people with paralyzed limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Laczko
- Department of Information Technology and Biorobotics, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, 6, Ifjusag St, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. .,Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, 6, Ifjusag St, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Mravcsik
- Laboratory of Rehabilitation-Technology, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 29-33, Konkoly Thege M. St, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Peter Katona
- University of Physical Education, 44 Alkotas St, Budapest, H-1123, Hungary
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15
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Coughlin DJ, Long GM, Gezzi NL, Modi PM, Woluko KN. Elevated osmolytes in rainbow smelt: the effects of urea, glycerol and trimethylamine oxide on muscle contractile properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1014-21. [PMID: 26823101 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, experience a wide range of temperatures in their native habitat. In response to cold, smelt express anti-freeze proteins and the osmolytes glycerol, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea to avoid freezing. The physiological influences of these osmolytes are not well understood. Urea destabilizes proteins, while TMAO counteracts the protein-destabilizing forces of urea. The influence of glycerol on muscle function has not been explored. We examined the effects of urea, glycerol and TMAO through muscle mechanics experiments with treatments of the three osmolytes at physiological concentrations. Experiments were carried out at 10°C. The contractile properties of fast-twitch muscle bundles were determined in physiological saline and in the presence of 50 mmol l(-1)urea, 50 mmol l(-1)TMAO and/or 200 mmol l(-1)glycerol in saline. Muscle exposed to urea and glycerol produced less force and displayed slower contractile properties. However, treatment with TMAO led to higher force and faster relaxation by muscle bundles. TMAO increased power production during cyclical activity, while urea and glycerol led to reduced oscillatory power output. When muscle bundles were exposed to a combination of the three osmolytes, they displayed little change in contraction kinetics relative to control, although power output under lower oscillatory conditions was enhanced while maximum power output was reduced. The results suggest that maintenance of muscle function in winter smelt requires a balanced combination of urea, glycerol and TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Coughlin
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19147, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Long
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19147, USA
| | - Nicole L Gezzi
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19147, USA
| | - Parth M Modi
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19147, USA
| | - Kossivi N Woluko
- Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19147, USA
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Biagini E, Barontini F, Tognotti L. Gasification of agricultural residues in a demonstrative plant: Vine pruning and rice husks. Bioresour Technol 2015; 194:36-42. [PMID: 26183923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tests with vine pruning and rice husks were carried out in a demonstrative downdraft gasifier (350 kW), to prove the reactor operability, quantify the plant efficiency, and thus extend the range of potential energy feedstocks. Pressure drops, syngas flow rate and composition were monitored to study the material and energy balances, and performance indexes. Interesting results were obtained for vine pruning (syngas heating value 5.7 MJ/m(3), equivalent ratio 0.26, cold gas efficiency 65%, power efficiency 21%), while poorer values were obtained for rice husks (syngas heating value 2.5-3.8 MJ/m(3), equivalent ratio 0.4, cold gas efficiency 31-42%, power efficiency 10-13%). The work contains also a comparison with previous results (wood pellets, corn cobs, Miscanthus) for defining an operating diagram, based on material density and particle size and shape, and the critical zones (reactor obstruction, bridging, no bed buildup, combustion regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Biagini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Barontini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario Biomasse da Energia (CRIBE), Via vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tognotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario Biomasse da Energia (CRIBE), Via vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Biagini E, Barontini F, Tognotti L. Gasification of agricultural residues in a demonstrative plant: corn cobs. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:110-116. [PMID: 25299486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomass gasification couples the high power efficiency with the possibility of valuably using the byproducts heat and biochar. The use of agricultural wastes instead of woody feedstock extends the seasonal availability of biomasses. The downdraft type is the most used reactor but has narrow ranges of feedstock specifications (above all on moisture and particle size distribution), so tests on a demonstrative scale are conducted to prove the versatility of the gasifier. Measurements on pressure drops, syngas flow rate and composition are studied to assess the feasibility of such operations with corn cobs. Material and energy balances, and performance indexes are compared for the four tests carried out under different biomass loads (66-85 kg/h). A good operability of the plant and interesting results are obtained (gas specific production of 2 m3/kg, gas heating value 5.6-5.8 MJ/m3, cold gas efficiency in the range 66-68%, potential net power efficiency 21.1-21.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Biagini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Barontini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario Biomasse da Energia (CRIBE), Via vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tognotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale (DICI), Università di Pisa, L. Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Interuniversitario Biomasse da Energia (CRIBE), Via vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Background The use of foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges in cycling are largely based on theoretical benefits and anecdotal evidence. This review aimed to systematically collect all published research on this topic, critically evaluate the methods and summarise the findings. Methods Study inclusion criteria were: all empirical studies that evaluated the effects of foot orthoses or in-shoe wedges on cycling; outcome measures that investigated physiological parameters, kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb, and power; and, published in English. Studies were located by data-base searching (Medline, CINAHL, Embase and SPORTDiscus) and hand-searching in February 2014. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using a modified Quality Index. Data were synthesised descriptively. Meta-analysis was not performed as the included studies were not sufficiently homogeneous to provide a meaningful summary. Results Six studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. All studies were laboratory-based and used a repeated measures design. The quality of the studies varied, with Quality Index scores ranging from 7 to 10 out of 14. Five studies investigated foot orthoses and one studied in-shoe wedges. Foot orthoses were found to increase contact area in the midfoot, peak pressures under the hallux and were perceived to provide better arch support, compared to a control. With respect to physiological parameters, contrasting findings have been reported regarding the effect foot orthoses have on oxygen consumption. Further, foot orthoses have been shown to not provide effects on lower limb kinematics and perceived comfort. Both foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges have been shown to provide no effect on power. Conclusion In general, there is limited high-quality research on the effects foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges provide during cycling. At present, there is some evidence that during cycling foot orthoses: increase contact area under the foot and increase plantar pressures under the hallux, but provide no gains in power. Based on available evidence, no definitive conclusions can be made about the effects foot orthoses have on lower limb kinematics and oxygen consumption, and the effect in-shoe wedges have on power during cycling. Future well-designed studies on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon K Yeo
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Daniel R Bonanno
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia ; Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Vic 3086, Australia
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