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Alasmari SZ. Premarital screening programme in Saudi Arabia: Insights into men's awareness and perceptions. Afr J Reprod Health 2024; 28:63-73. [PMID: 38583067 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi men on premarital screening, 19 years after its implementation. A cohort of 133 males was examined. Out of the 133 male screening participants, a significant majority of 126 individuals (94.7%) were found to be aware of the premarital screening program. A smaller number of individuals (88, 66.2%) were aware of the conditions detected by the screening. A disagreement developed on the legality of marriage in the event of an adverse test result. Many participants stated that the primary purpose of the premarital screening program was to lessen the social and familial burdens associated with incompatible marriages. Many respondents preferred that the program include mental illness and drug testing. Even if compatibility existed, a sizeable proportion of respondents declined to proceed with the marital procedure if one companion was a carrier. The participants had a clear understanding of the importance of premarital screening. However, this assertion contradicts the current evidence regarding the prevalence of hereditary diseases. To reduce disease burden, the significance of the program and the value of making informed decisions following examinations must be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Z Alasmari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of applied medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
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AlOtaiby S, Alqahtani A, Saleh R, Mazyad A, Albohigan A, Kutbi E. Comprehension of premarital screening and genetic disorders among the population of Riyadh. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:822-830. [PMID: 36852234 PMCID: PMC9957817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Premarital, unfortunately, does not cover all possible genetic diseases, such as deafness and congenital heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, nor does it cover unknown genetic mutations that may cause severe defects in subsequent generations. However, the Saudi population has limited knowledge regarding premarital screening tests, which do not detect all genetic disorders or diseases. Hence, we aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes among the population of Riyadh toward premarital screening. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a self-administered designed questionnaire. The survey included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and premarital screening. All data were entered and analyzed in the statistical package SPSS version 22. Results A total of 385 participants responded to the questionnaire, and good knowledge among most participants was significantly associated with education level (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), and prior screening (p = 0.001). The overall attitude was positive toward premarital screening, and significant associations of sex and social/marital status with a positive response to premarital screening were observed. Conclusion Knowledge and attitudes among the population of Riyadh toward premarital screening must be improved through national awareness programs. In light of our results, a need exists to provide more information and education regarding screening. Further studies must be conducted in urban areas to investigate the level of satisfaction with existing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad AlOtaiby
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA,Corresponding address: Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box. 59046, Riyadh 11525, KSA.
| | - Abdulhadi Alqahtani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ruba Saleh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Abeer Mazyad
- College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Abdulrazaq Albohigan
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Emad Kutbi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
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Kisanga E, Mutagonda R, Myemba DT, Njiro BJ, Simon F, Marealle AI, Mikomangwa WP, Kilonzi M, Sambayi G, Bwire GM. Premarital genetic screening and care of Tanzanian children with sickle cell disease: a qualitative study on parents' views and experiences. J Community Genet 2021; 12:515-523. [PMID: 34287808 PMCID: PMC8554897 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-021-00539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing and counselling is one of the approaches to reduce the high birth rate of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to explore parents' views on premarital genetic screening for sickle cell trait and their experiences in the care of Tanzanian children with SCD using a face-to-face in-depth interview. The study was conducted at sickle cell clinic at tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam region between June and August 2020. The study found that most of the parents with SCD children knew about genetic testing and counselling after the diagnosis of their children's SCD status. Major approaches employed in managing SCD crises were supportive, preventive, and symptomatic. Parents expressed a heavy burden related to caretaking due to the lack of financial support and stigmatization. These affected their children's quality of care and management. In conclusion, participants expressed a preference for premarital genetic testing, where others insisted it becomes compulsory. In addition, there should be an adequate clinic for early screening, accessible therapeutic support and long-term follow up for children with SCD. Support to poor families with individual with SCD through national health assurance scheme and free provision of preventive medications such as hydroxyurea, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kisanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ritah Mutagonda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David T. Myemba
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Belinda J. Njiro
- Muhimbili National Hospital, P.O. Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Franklin Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alphonce I. Marealle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wigilya P. Mikomangwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Manase Kilonzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Godfrey Sambayi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George M. Bwire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Masilamani V, Alqahtany F, Rajasekar A, Alenazi A, Farhat K. Fluorescence spectroscopy as a novel technique for premarital screening of sickle cell disorders. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102276. [PMID: 33798750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spectral diagnostic screening for sickle cell disease was carried out on volunteer blood samples (N = 100). The samples were subjected to different diagnostic methods including conventional complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin electrophoresis (HBE) and spectral diagnosis. For the spectral diagnostic method, we discriminated three different characteristic spectral features. In total, 15 samples were sickle cell trait (SCT), 34 samples were sickle cell disease (SCD), and the rest of the samples (N = 51) were normal controls. The spectral discrimination of the three different sets of samples was distinguished on the quantification of fluorescent biomolecules such as tyrosine, tryptophan, NADH, FAD, and porphyrins. The results were compared with the conventional standard CBC and capillary electrophoresis findings. The spectral diagnosis method exhibited a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90 % for the tested samples. This technique requires only 5 mL blood samples, has an analysis time of 20 min, exhibits high accuracy and may be used in small clinics in remote villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vadivel Masilamani
- Masila's Cancer Diagnostics Private Limited, Madipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600091, India
| | - Fatmah Alqahtany
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahmed Alenazi
- Department Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Farhat
- Department of Urology, Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed hemoglobinopathies among individuals visiting the premarital screening Centre. Methods This study was conducted at Premarital Screening Centre, King Fahad Central Hospital and Research Centre, Jazan, between January 2018 and October 2018. A total of 3,970 (male n =1,859 and female n = 2,111) individuals were included in the study. Data of complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis and sickling tests of all individuals recruited in the study were obtained and statistically analyzed. Results One thousand three hundred and twelve individuals had abnormal complete blood counts or hemoglobin electrophoresis results, that include sickle cell trait (13.5%), sickle cell disease (0.7%), β thalassemia with sickle cell trait (2.46%), β thalassemia trait (1.51%), β thalassemia major (0.075%), suspected α thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathies (4.43%), hemoglobin H (0.3%), hemoglobin E (0.075%), undiagnosed cases (0.91%) and iron deficient (7.23%). Conclusion A high percentage of individuals are suspected for α thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathies that needs to be diagnosed. Further investigations shall be included in the premarital screening program to diagnose these inconclusive cases. Coexistence iron deficiency with thalassemia shall also be ruled out during premarital screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Hassan A. Hamali, Ph.D, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Muhammad Saboor, Ph.D, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Ezugwu EC, Osamor PE, Wendler D. Ethical issues in denial of church wedding based on couple's hemoglobin genotype in Enugu, south eastern Nigeria. BMC Med Ethics 2019; 20:37. [PMID: 31142291 PMCID: PMC6542068 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-019-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a major genetic disease with the greatest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. To try to help reduce this burden, some churches in Nigeria conduct premarital sickle cell hemoglobin screening and refuse to conduct weddings when both individuals are identified as carriers of sickle cell trait. Main body This paper explores the ethical challenges involved in such denials. We assess whether churches have the right to decline to marry adults who understand the risks and still prefer to get married, and whether couples should be denied church weddings based on the risk that their child may suffer from sickle cell anemia. We examine the moral and ethical dimensions of such denials and explore the underlying socio-cultural context involving the purpose of marriage and the meaning of the wedding ceremony in societies where premarital screening is one of the few tools available to reduce the risk of having children with SCA. The potential role of the church is also examined against the background of church beliefs, the duty of the church to its members and its role in reducing the suffering of its members and /or their children. Conclusion We argue that the church should impose these burdens on couples only if doing so promotes a sufficiently compelling goal and there is no less burdensome way to achieve it. We then argue that the goal of reducing the number of individuals in Nigeria who have SCA is compelling. However, testing earlier in life offers a less burdensome and potentially even more effective means of achieving this goal. This suggests that, advocating for earlier screening and helping to support these programs, would likely better promote the church’s own goals of helping its parishioners, increasing the number of church weddings, and reducing the burden of SCA in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euzebus C Ezugwu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, PMB 01129, Enugu State, 400001, Nigeria.
| | - Pauline E Osamor
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1156, USA
| | - David Wendler
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1156, USA
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Abstract
Objective To assess the sociodemographic factors affecting parental knowledge regarding availability of screening services for thalassemia major. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among biological parents of thalassemic children at three registered centers of blood transfusion in Lahore. A sample of 186 parents was selected through systematic random sampling. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. IRB clearance was obtained and informed consent was taken before data collection. Data was analyzed at SPSS version 23 and chi square test was applied and p value was fixed at ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results Parents of registered thalassemic children have adequate knowledge about Disease transmission and screening services. 91% of the participants knew that thalassemia major gets transmitted through parents. Cousin marriage was mentioned as a source of transmission by 77% of the participants. 91% of the parents knew about prenatal screening and 89% about premarital screening. Knowledge of parents was significantly associated with male gender, higher education and income. Conclusion Male gender, higher education and income are associated with better knowledge of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Manzoor
- Prof. Iram Manzoor, MBBS, FCPS, MSc, MCPS-HPE, (FCPS). HOD Community Medicine Director Medical Education, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Prof. Rubeena Zakar, MBBS, MPS, PhD. Chairperson and HOD Public Health, Institute of Social and cultural studies, Punjab University Lahore, Pakistan
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Verdonk P, Metselaar S, Storms O, Bartels E. Reproductive choices: a qualitative study of Dutch Moroccan and Turkish consanguineously married women's perspectives on preconception carrier screening. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:79. [PMID: 29855391 PMCID: PMC5984385 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cousin marriages, in the Netherlands most frequently between Turkish or Moroccan couples, are at higher risk of having offspring with recessive disorders. Often, these couples not perceive or accept this risk, and it is hardly considered a reason to refrain from family marriages. Preconception carrier screening (PCS) is offered to Jewish groups, and more recently in the Netherlands, to genetically isolated communities. In this study, Dutch Moroccan and Turkish women's perspectives on preconception carrier screening (PCS) and reproductive choices were explored. METHODS Individual interviews were held with Dutch Turkish and Moroccan consanguineously married women (n = 10) and seven group discussions with Turkish and Moroccan women (n = 86). Transcripts and notes were analyzed thematically. RESULTS All women welcomed PCS particularly for premarital genetic screening; regardless of possible reproductive choices, they prefer information about their future child's health. Their perspectives on reproductive choices on the basis of screening results are diverse: refraining from having children is not an option, in vitro fertilization (IVF) combined with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was welcomed, while prenatal genetic diagnosis (PND), termination of pregnancy (TOP), in vitro fertilization with a donor egg cell, artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID), and adoption, were generally found to be unacceptable. Besides, not taking any special measures and preparing for the possibility of having a disabled child are also becoming optional now rather than being the default option. CONCLUSIONS The women's preference for PCS for premarital screening as well as their outspokenness about not marrying or even divorcing when both partners appear to be carriers is striking. Raising awareness (of consanguinity, PCS and the choice for reproductive options), and providing information, screening and counseling sensitive to this target group and their preferences are essential in the provision of effective health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Verdonk
- Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, School of Medical Sciences, Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne Metselaar
- Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oka Storms
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,MOVISIE Netherlands Centre for Social Development, Catharijnesingel 47, 3511, GC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edien Bartels
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alsaeed ES, Farhat GN, Assiri AM, Memish Z, Ahmed EM, Saeedi MY, Al-Dossary MF, Bashawri H. Distribution of hemoglobinopathy disorders in Saudi Arabia based on data from the premarital screening and genetic counseling program, 2011-2015. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7 Suppl 1:S41-S47. [PMID: 29801592 PMCID: PMC7386442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of β-thalassemia (β-thal) and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in Saudi Arabia are considered one of the highest compared to surrounding countries in the Middle East (0.05% and 4.50%, respectively). In this study, Secondary data analysis was obtained from the premarital screening and genetic counseling program (PMSGC), and included 12,30,582 individuals from February 2011 to December 2015. Prevalence rates (per 1000 population) for β-thal and SCD were calculated for carrier status, disease status and their combination. During the 5-year study period, the overall prevalence rate per 1000 population for β-thal was 13.6 (12.9 for the trait and 0.7 for the disease). The prevalence rate for SCD was 49.6 (45.8 for the trait and 3.8 for the disease). Rates for β-thal were found to decrease from 24.2 in 2011, to 12 in 2015. However, SCD rates remained rather constant and ranged from 42.3 in 2011 to 49.8 in 2015. The highest rate for both β-thal and SCD was observed in the Eastern and Southern regions. This result reflects major accomplishment of the PMSGC. This study recommends further improvement in preventive measures in high-risk regions, and enhanced community awareness to provide the highest rate reduction for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada N Farhat
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdullah M Assiri
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ziad Memish
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Jameel T, Baig M, Ahmed I, Hussain MB, Alkhamaly MBD. Differentiation of beta thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia by hematological indices. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:665-669. [PMID: 28811791 PMCID: PMC5510123 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.333.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed at finding out reliable parameter in the differentiation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta-thalassemia trait (β-TT) in the adult population subjected to Saudi Arabian Premarital Screening Program. Methods: A total of 620 adults (age range 21-36 years) reported during February 2012 to November 2012. Tests for serum iron and ferritin were carried out in individuals showing low hemoglobin (Hb). All the selected subjects’ samples were subjected to blood morphology, comparison of MCV, RBC count. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) was noted from the Coulter Report whereas Red Cell Distribution Width Index (RDWI) value was calculated for all the samples. Results: A total of one hundred &thirty-five individuals with hypochromic microcytic anemia having normal hemoglobin F and hemoglobin A2 < 3.2% were inducted in the study. Ninety-three were diagnosed having IDA, whereas thirty-two were having βTT. Ten individuals revealed other causes of anemia. The RBC count was higher, and MCV was much lower in βTT as compared to IDA. Both groups were subjected to RDW and RDWI, however, RDWI which showed better sensitivity and specificity for βTT. Conclusion: RDWI is a reliable and useful index for differentiation among IDA and βTT, as compared to RDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Jameel
- Prof. Tahir Jameel, FCPS. Professor of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Prof. Mukhtiar Baig, PhD. Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijaz Ahmed
- Dr. Ijaz Ahmed, MPhil. Chief Pathologist, Department of Pathology, King Khalid General Hospital, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Barakat Hussain
- Dr. Muhammad Barakat Hussain, PhD. Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motlag Bin Doghaim Alkhamaly
- Dr. Motlag bin Doghaim Alkhamaly, MBA Head of Department, Department of Pathology, King Khalid General Hospital, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
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Uludağ A, Uysal A, Uludağ A, Ertekin YH, Tekin M, Kütük B, Silan F, Özdemir Ö. Prevalence and mutations of β-thalassemia trait and abnormal hemoglobins in premarital screening in Çanakkale province, Turkey. Balkan J Med Genet 2016; 19:29-34. [PMID: 27785405 PMCID: PMC5026277 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of β-thalassemia (β-thal) carriers in Turkey varies according to region but in general it is 2.0%. Çanakkale is a city in the Aegean region of Turkey but no study about β-thal frequency in Çanakkale has been published to date. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of β-thal mutations in this province. A total of 4452 couples (8904 individuals) applied for premarital thalassemia scans at the Çanakkale State Health Directorate Laboratory between January 2008 and June 2012 and scanning was done with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of 125 β-thal carriers seen at the Medical Genetics Clinic, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, for genetic counseling, 46 participated in the study. The remaining 79 patients could not be reached. The prevalence for β-thal carriers in Çanakkale was identified as 1.4% (125/8904). One couple were both β-thal carriers. β-Globin gene analysis of 46 carriers found the total frequency of the three most common mutations was 45.6%. These mutations were found to be HBB: c.93-21G>A [IVS-I-110 (G>A)], 26.08% (12/46); HBB: c.17_ 18delCT [codon 5 (‒CT)], 10.85% (5/46); HBB: c.20delA [codon 6 (‒A)] 8.69% (4/46). This is the first report on the frequency and mutation profiles of β-thal for Çanakkale. The incidence of β-thal carriers in Çanakkale is below the average for Turkey. The most frequently observed mutation profile and rate of β-thal in our region is different from the other regions of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uludağ
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - A Uysal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - A Uludağ
- Department of Family Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale/Turkey
| | - Y H Ertekin
- Department of Family Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale/Turkey
| | - M Tekin
- Department of Family Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale/Turkey
| | - B Kütük
- Ministry of Health, Çanakkale Public Health Center, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - F Silan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ö Özdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Miri-Moghaddam E, Naderi M, Izadi S, Mashhadi MA. Causes of new cases of major thalassemia in sistan and balouchistan province in South-East of iran. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41:67-71. [PMID: 23304678 PMCID: PMC3521888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalassemia is the most common monogenic disease in South-East of Iran. Despite the 70% reduction in Iranian thalassemia cases after thalassemia control comprehensive program, 601 affected babies were born in Sistan and Balouchistan Province, Iran from 2002 to 2010, so this study aims at investigating the causes of new thalassemia cases. METHODS Data from this retrospective cross-sectional study was collected through interviews and information in the patients' hospital records. RESULTS Data revealed that 52.4% of fathers and 78.4% of mothers of thalassemic children had elementary education or less. In addition, 78.6% of the couples did not undergo premarital screening for thalassemia and 71.2% of the couples were not notified of their own minor thalassemia until a child was born with major thalassemia. Of the diagnosed minor couples, about 25% did PND and the others did not carry out because mothers were unaware of proper gestational age and of the importance of this issue, financial problems, and the husbands' disagreement to take the tests. Moreover, 16 mothers, in spite of being diagnosed of having a major fetus, refused to terminate the pregnancy. CONCLUSION The most preventable causes for affected births include couples' unawareness of being minor and unawares of the PND importance and process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Miri-Moghaddam
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, (ZUMS), Zahedan-Iran,Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, ZUMS, Zahedan-Iran
| | - M Naderi
- Dept. of pediatric Hematology, Ali Ebn-e Abitaleb Hospital, Research Center for Child and Adolescent Health, ZUMS, Zahedan-Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 0541 3218998
| | - S Izadi
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, ZUMS, Zahedan -Iran
| | - MA Mashhadi
- Dept. of Hematology-Oncology, Ali Ebne Abitaleb Hospital, ZUMS, Zahedan-Iran
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Memish ZA, Owaidah TM, Saeedi MY. Marked regional variations in the prevalence of sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia in Saudi Arabia: findings from the premarital screening and genetic counseling program. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2011; 1:61-8. [PMID: 23856375 PMCID: PMC7320383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobinopathies represent a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia (SA). Reports suggest that their higher prevalence is not evenly distributed in SA. Regional differences were studied in sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia and their at-risk marriages using national data. METHODS The carrier and case status of sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia were determined in couples approaching marriage between 2004 and 2009 using standard blood tests. Prevalence of both diseases and at-risk marriages in different SA administrative and geographical regions were calculated and compared. RESULTS A total of 15,72,140 men and women were examined over 6 years. This represented 0.06% of the entire population of Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of couples who tested positive for sickle cell was 45.1 (42.4 for carriers and 2.7 for cases) per 1000 persons examined. The prevalence was highest in the Eastern region (134.1 per 1000), followed by Southern and Western regions (55.6 and 28.5 per 1000, respectively) and lowest in Central and Northern regions (13.7 and 13.5 per 1000, respectively). The prevalence of couples testing positive for β-thalassemia was 18.5 (18.0 for carriers and 0.5 for cases) per 1000 persons examined. The prevalence was highest in the Eastern region (59.0), moderate in the Southern, Western and Central regions (14.2, 10.2, and 10.1 per 1000, respectively) and lowest in the Northern region (3.9). CONCLUSION Vast regional differences in hemoglobinopathies among adult Saudis are being reported that may help policy makers better allocate resources of available preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A Memish
- Non-Communicable Diseases Program, Preventive Medicine Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
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