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Iida A, Takemae H, Tarigan R, Kobayashi R, Kato H, Shimoda H, Omatsu T, Supratikno, Basri C, Mayasari NLPI, Agungpriyono S, Maeda K, Mizutani T, Hondo E. Viral-derived DNA invasion and individual variation in an Indonesian population of large flying fox Pteropus vampyrus. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1068-1074. [PMID: 33994419 PMCID: PMC8349802 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on six large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) collected in Indonesia. Seventy-five virus species in the liver tissue of each specimen were listed. Viral homologous sequences in the bat genome were identified from the listed viruses. This finding provides collateral evidence of viral endogenization into the host genome. We found that two of the six specimens bore partial sequences that were homologous to the plant pathogens Geminiviridae and Luteoviridae. These sequences were absent in the P. vampyrus chromosomal sequences. Hence, plant viral homologous sequences were localized to the hepatocytes as extrachromosomal DNA fragments. Therefore, this suggests that the bat is a potential carrier or vector of plant viruses. The present investigation on wild animals offered novel perspectives on viral invasion, variation, and host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sawai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ronald Tarigan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kato
- Biology and Somatology Related Support Section, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sawai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Supratikno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University-IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University-IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University-IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University-IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sawai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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Gatson BJ, Paranjape V, Wellehan JFX, Bailey K. A DESCRIPTION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN TWO SPECIES OF FLYING FOXES ( PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS AND PTEROPUS HYPOMELANUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 50:665-71. [PMID: 33517637 DOI: 10.1638/2018-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure assessment is valuable during management of chronic conditions with increased risk of developing hypertension and as a standard practice for anesthetic monitoring. Normal arterial blood pressure values have not been well described in megachiropteran species. Following anesthetic induction and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen, arterial blood pressure was obtained from the posterior tibial artery of eight large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) and six variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus), two with structural cardiac disease and four in good clinically health. Normal values reported as a median with interquartile range for systolic, diastolic, and mean (MAP) arterial pressures for P. vampyrus were 101 (94, 107), 69 (57, 80), and 86 (75, 93), respectively. Normal MAP for clinically healthy P. hypomelanus was 86 (67, 93). Placement of P. hypomelanus in a vertical head-down position did not alter blood pressure in clinically healthy bats, but significantly increased MAP in two bats with structural cardiac disease. Arterial catheterization of both the posterior tibial and median arteries in these species was easily performed without major complication.
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Takemae H, Basri C, Mayasari NLPI, Tarigan R, Shimoda H, Omatsu T, Supratikno, Pramono D, Cahyadi DD, Kobayashi R, Iida K, Mizutani T, Maeda K, Agungpriyono S, Hondo E. Isolation of Pteropine orthoreovirus from Pteropus vampyrus in Garut, Indonesia. Virus Genes 2018; 54:823-827. [PMID: 30232692 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flying foxes belonging to the genus Pteropus are known to be reservoirs of zoonotic viruses. In this study, we describe the isolation of Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) from rectal swab samples of Pteropus vampyrus in Indonesia. PRV is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that can be transmitted from bats to humans. Rectal swabs (n = 91) were screened by PCR for PRV and 10 (11%) were positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences indicated that the S2, S3, S4, M3, L2, and L3 segments of one isolate (Garut-69) were closely related to previously isolated strains in Indonesia. The remaining gene segments showed both similarity and genetic divergence with other PRV strains, suggesting that re-assortment events had occurred. This is the first report of PRV infection to P. vampyrus in West Java, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takemae
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Ronald Tarigan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Supratikno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Didik Pramono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Danang Dwi Cahyadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Goodnight AL, Cox S. PHARMACOKINETICS OF MELOXICAM FOLLOWING A SINGLE ORAL DOSE IN MALAYAN FLYING FOXES ( PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:307-14. [PMID: 29900779 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam, a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, has been used in many exotic animals at doses extrapolated from domestic animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Increasing evidence suggests that significant species differences exist in meloxicam metabolism. Because of this, dose extrapolation from domestic animals may not be appropriate for exotic species. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in a population of male Malayan flying foxes, Pteropus vampyrus, following a single oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Using a sparse sampling method based on a pilot study, two blood samples from each of 10 bats were collected over an 8-hr time period. Analysis of meloxicam in plasma samples was conducted using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The peak plasma concentration of 598 ± 157.5 ng/ml occurred at 1.0 hr post dosing. The terminal half-life was 1.1 ± 0.1 hr, which indicates that meloxicam is rapidly metabolized in this species. No adverse clinical effects were noted during the study period. A single oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg appears safe for use in male Malayan flying foxes, but due to rapid elimination, frequent dosing may be required to maintain plasma concentrations within a therapeutic range. Multidose studies are needed to determine if plasma accumulation of meloxicam occurs.
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Hengjan Y, Saputra V, Mirsageri M, Pramono D, Kasmono S, Basri C, Ando T, Ohmori Y, Agungpriyono S, Hondo E. Nighttime behavioral study of flying foxes on the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1146-1152. [PMID: 29848851 PMCID: PMC6068312 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flying foxes are important in the maintenance of forests and diversity. However, knowledge of their behavioral ecology, especially of movement and foraging patterns, which are essential for
conservation and management of their populations, are not well known. Therefore, movement behavior of two individuals of Pteropus vampyrus were examined using an Argos
telemetry system, and foraging pattern of Pteropus spp. was directly observed, at West Java province, Indonesia in October 2017. The maximum distance between the location at
which bats were released and their furthest roost, recorded via satellite telemetry, was approximately 100 km. This reflects the long-distance flight ability of P. vampyrus.
Daytime roosting sites and nighttime foraging places consisted of several types of habitats, such as intact forests, agricultural lands, and residential areas. This evidence indicated that
there was habitat overlap between humans and bats in West Java province. According to direct observation of the behaviors of flying foxes at two locations within residential areas, various
activities such as wing spreading, excretion, fighting, aggressive calls, movement, hanging relax, and hanging alert were found. The number of bat-visits to the trees varied among night
hours, and had a positive correlation with the number of fruit dropping. The data obtained in this study have improved our understanding of nighttime behavior and habitat utilization of
P. vampyrus, that can be used to support landscape management, species conservation, and disease prevention in regions of Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Vidi Saputra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mirsageri Mirsageri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Didik Pramono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Supratikno Kasmono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
| | - Yasushige Ohmori
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Hengjan Y, Pramono D, Takemae H, Kobayashi R, Iida K, Ando T, Kasmono S, Basri C, Fitriana YS, Arifin EMZ, Ohmori Y, Maeda K, Agungpriyono S, Hondo E. Daytime behavior of Pteropus vampyrus in a natural habitat: the driver of viral transmission. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1125-1133. [PMID: 28496012 PMCID: PMC5487794 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flying foxes, the genus Pteropus, are considered viral reservoirs. Their
colonial nature and long flight capability enhance their ability to spread viruses
quickly. To understand how the viral transmission occurs between flying foxes and other
animals, we investigated daytime behavior of the large flying fox (Pteropus
vampyrus) in the Leuweung Sancang conservation area, Indonesia, by using
instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence focal sampling. The data were obtained from
0700 to 1700 hr, during May 11–25, 2016. Almost half of the flying foxes (46.9 ± 10.6% of
all recorded bats) were awake and showed various levels of activity during daytime. The
potential behaviors driving disease transmission, such as self-grooming, mating/courtship
and aggression, peaked in the early morning. Males were more active and spent more time on
sexual activities than females. There was no significant difference in time spent for
negative social behaviors between sexes. Positive social behaviors, especially maternal
cares, were performed only by females. Sexual activities and negative/positive social
behaviors enable fluid exchange between bats and thus facilitate intraspecies
transmission. Conflicts for living space between the flying foxes and the ebony leaf
monkey (Trachypithecus auratus) were observed, and this caused daily
roosting shifts of flying foxes. The ecological interactions between bats and other
wildlife increase the risk of interspecies infection. This study provides the details of
the flying fox’s behavior and its interaction with other wildlife in South-East Asia that
may help explain how pathogen spillover occurs in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Didik Pramono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
| | - Supratikno Kasmono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Eko M Z Arifin
- Livestock, Fisheries and Marine Services, Garut 44118, Indonesia
| | - Yasushige Ohmori
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Zeng YN, Shen YY, Zhang YP. [Genome-wide scan reveals the molecular mechanisms of functional differentiation of Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus]. Dongwuxue Yanjiu 2013; 34:221-227. [PMID: 23775999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and behavioral differences between Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus should be attributed to molecular mechanisms and deserve intensive investigation. We conducted genome-wide scan for coding sequences from the orthologue genes of seven mammalian species. Selection analyses were carried out by setting the branches leading to Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus as foreground branches, respectively. Enrichment analyses were conducted for positively selected genes. Our results indicated that more genes exhibited positive selection in Myotis lucifugus than that in Pteropus vampyrus. The positively selected genes of the two species were enriched in different functions. The differences between Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus represented their differentiation in biological functions, especially the functions of immunity, motor ability, energetic metabolism and sensory organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Zeng
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. ;
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Paige Brock A, Cortés-Hinojosa G, Plummer CE, Conway JA, Roff SR, Childress AL, Wellehan JFX. A novel gammaherpesvirus in a large flying fox ( Pteropus vampyrus) with blepharitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:433-7. [PMID: 23628640 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713486645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gammaherpesvirus was identified in a large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) with conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and meibomianitis by nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of 472 base pairs of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene were used to identify a novel herpesvirus. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus is a member of the genus Percavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Additional research is needed regarding the association of this virus with conjunctivitis and other ocular pathology. This virus may be useful as a biomarker of stress and may be a useful model of virus recrudescence in Pteropus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paige Brock
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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