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Eryilmaz-Eren E, Yalcin S, Ozan F, Saatci E, Suzuk-Yildiz S, Ture Z, Kilinc-Toker A, Celik I. An outbreak analysis of wound infection due to Acinetobacter baumannii in earthquake-trauma patients. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:599-604. [PMID: 38103648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is still a major contributor to outbreaks and infections health care-associated infections. This study aimed to investigate an outbreak of wound infection due to A baumannii in trauma patients injured in the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. METHODS This retrospective case-control study was conducted on an outbreak of wound infection caused by A. baumannii in trauma patients affected by the February 6 Turkey earthquake. Among the patients who underwent at least one extremity surgery due to earthquake-related crush-trauma injury, patients with wound infection due to A baumannii were included in the case group and without infection were included in the control group. Multivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors. Environmental cultures were taken to identify the source of the outbreak. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the relationships of the wound infection agent A. baumannii strains. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included in the case group and 62 patients in the control group. Time under the debris; 22.0 versus 35.7 (odds ratio [OR]:1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.04) and hemodialysis (OR: 6.09, 95% CI: 1.64-22.66) were identified as risk factors for in the multivariate analysis. Performing the first intervention in a fully equipped tertiary hospital was seen as an infection-reducing factor compared to performing it in a field hospital (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.68). Dressing trolleys and scissors were identified as the source of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS After devastating earthquakes, a large number of patients are admitted and require emergency interventions due to life-threatening conditions. Organ failure often develops and requires the use of invasive catheters and procedures. Compliance with infection control measures and clean surgical interventions reduce wound site infections and allow extremities to heal, while problems in adhering to infection control measures can lead to many problems such as outbreaks of gram-negative bacteria. This highlights the importance of infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Eryilmaz-Eren
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri City Trainig and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, Preventing Hospital Infections Doctorate Programme, Institute of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Yalcin
- Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firat Ozan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Saatci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Suzuk-Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ture
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysin Kilinc-Toker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri City Trainig and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilhami Celik
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri City Trainig and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri, Turkey
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Tabatabaei M, Janparvar A, Motamedifar M. Genotypic evaluation of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and sheep by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:213-219. [PMID: 37181852 PMCID: PMC10170466 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.553282.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida a Gram-negative bacterium exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry. It is causative agent of a range of diseases in mammals and birds including fowl cholera in poultry, atrophic rhinitis in pigs and bovine hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. This study aimed to isolate P. multocida from sheep and cattle lungs sampled and assessed by bacteriological procedures and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization. In this study 52 isolated of P. multocida were obtained (2016-2017) from clinically healthy and diseased animals (sheep and cattle) evaluated by PFGE for determining the relationship between them. According to the results of this study 12 sheep isolates had similarities above 94.00% and two cattle isolates showed similarities above 94.00%. When compared between sheep and cattle, most isolates showed a similarity of less than 50.00% indicating the great differences between isolates. It is noteworthy that in the present study, performed by PFGE to determine the type of P. multocida isolates, a very high distinction was made to determine the type of isolates and the relationship between isolates based on fragments in their genome using enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
- Correspondence Mohammad Tabatabaei. DVM, PhD Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran E-mail:
| | - Ali Janparvar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Sharif Z, Ahmad N, Ali RM, Husin SA, Hazis NHBA, Sohaimi NFM, Bakar SA, Garba B. Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using PFGE, and MLST. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:393. [PMID: 33069231 PMCID: PMC7568380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types. RESULTS The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunita Zakaria
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zawiyah Sharif
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, 62675, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Mohd Ali
- Diagnostic and Quality Assurance Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Amir Husin
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazrin Binti Abd Hazis
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fitriah Mohamed Sohaimi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Abu Bakar
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, 62675, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sultan Abubakar Road, City Campus Complex, Sokoto, Sokoto State, 840212, Nigeria
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Fida M, Cunningham SA, Murphy MP, Bonomo RA, Hujer KM, Hujer AM, Kreiswirth BN, Chia N, Jeraldo PR, Nelson H, Zinsmaster NM, Toraskar N, Chang W, Patel R. Core genome MLST and resistome analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae using a clinically amenable workflow. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:114996. [PMID: 32098688 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is replacing traditional microbiological typing methods for investigation of outbreaks in clinical settings. Here, we used a clinical microbiology laboratory core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) workflow to analyze 40 isolates of K. pneumoniae which are part of the Antimicrobial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) isolate collection, alongside 10 Mayo Clinic K. pneumoniae isolates, comparing results to those of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Additionally, we used the WGS data to predict phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility (AST). Thirty-one of 40 ARLG K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to the same PFGE type, all of which, alongside 3 isolates of different PFGE types, formed a large cluster by cgMLST. PFGE and cgMLST were completely concordant for the 10 Mayo Clinic K. pneumoniae isolates. For AST prediction, the overall agreement between phenotypic AST and genotypic prediction was 95.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Fida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | | | | - Robert A Bonomo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, and the Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, and CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH
| | - Kristine M Hujer
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrea M Hujer
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Nicholas Chia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Patricio R Jeraldo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Maluta RP, Borges CA, Beraldo LG, Cardozo MV, Voorwald FA, Santana AM, Rigobelo EC, Toniollo GH, Avila FA. Frequencies of virulence genes and pulse field gel electrophoresis fingerprints in Escherichia coli isolates from canine pyometra. Vet J 2014; 202:393-5. [PMID: 25201253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial agent isolated from canine pyometra. The frequencies of 24 virulence genes and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were determined for 23 E. coli isolates from cases of canine pyometra in Brazil. The frequencies of virulence genes were 91.3% fimH, 91.3% irp-2, 82.6% fyuA, 56.5% iroN, 47.8% traT, 39.1% usp, 34.8% sfaD/E, 34.8% tsh, 30.4% papC, 30.4% hlyA, 26.1% papGIII, 26.1% cnf-1, 21.7% papE/F, 21.7% iss, 17.4% iutA, 17.4% ompT, 17.4% cvaC, 17.4% hlyF, 17.4% iucD, 13.0% iucC, 13.0% astA, 4.3% papGII, 0% afaB/C and 0% papGI. The high frequency of yersiniabactin (fyuA and irp2) and salmochelin (iroN) genes suggests that iron uptake systems might be important in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. PFGE profiles of 19 isolates were heterogeneous, confirming that E. coli isolates from canine pyometra are unlikely to be epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato P Maluta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa A Borges
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia G Beraldo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marita V Cardozo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A Voorwald
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André M Santana
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon C Rigobelo
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson H Toniollo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Avila
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful genotyping technique used for the separation of large DNA molecules (entire genomic DNA) after digesting it with unique restriction enzymes and applying to a gel matrix under the electric field that periodically changes direction. PFGE is a variation of agarose gel electrophoresis that permits analysis of bacterial DNA fragments over an order of magnitude larger than that with conventional restriction enzyme analysis. It provides a good representation of the entire bacterial chromosome in a single gel with a highly reproducible restriction profile, providing clearly distinct and well-resolved DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batu K Sharma-Kuinkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas H Rude
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Pérez-Boto D, López-Portolés JA, Simón C, Echeita MA. [Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction-flaA and resistotype to identify potential undiagnosed outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Spain]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 32:428-33. [PMID: 24139336 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outbreaks of campylobacteriosis are infrequent and usually involve a low number of patients, although it is estimated that many more remain undiagnosed. The most successful techniques for outbreak investigation in Campylobacter spp. (PFGE, MLST) have the drawback of being laborious and not available in many laboratories. METHODS During the year 2008, 352 isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli from 16 hospitals were received in our laboratory. All strains were genotyped by RFLP-PCR-flaA (flaA type) and phenotyped with their resistotype. It was established that the strains of the same species from the same hospital, isolated over a period of up to 11 days, with MIC values of±1 dilution with the same flaA type could belong to an outbreak. Strains that met these criteria would be later subtyped by KpnI-PFGE and MLST. RESULTS A total of 23 out of 352 isolates, distributed in 10 groups, met the criteria for being associated with putative undiagnosed outbreaks. The similarity of the PFGE-profiles in 8 groups was greater than 95% among the isolates from each group. In 7 of the groups, the sequence types (MLST) were coincident. CONCLUSIONS The use of 2 easy markers (resistotype and RFLP-PCR-flaA) may detect isolates probably belonging to an undiagnosed outbreak of campylobacteriosis. Accurate diagnosis requires other molecular markers and epidemiological data of each isolate. The study suggests that, as in other countries, the number of outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Spain is probably underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Boto
- Unidad de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
| | - José Antonio López-Portolés
- Unidad de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Simón
- Unidad de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - María Aurora Echeita
- Unidad de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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