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Karunakaran G, Cho EB, Thirumurugan K, Kumar GS, Kolesnikov E, Boobalan S, Janarthanan G, Pillai MM, Rajendran S. Mesoporous Mn-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods obtained via pyridinium chloride enabled microwave-assisted synthesis by utilizing Donax variabilis seashells for implant applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 126:112170. [PMID: 34082971 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MnHAp) nanorods, a bio-apatite were synthesized via pyridinium chloride mediated microwave approach using bio-waste Donax variabilis seashells to treat orthopedic infections. This is the first report on using pyridinium chloride mediated mesoporous MnHAp nanorods synthesis. Pure and Mn doped HAp samples were examined using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies to confirm the prepared HAp nanorods. Furthermore, the fabrication of manganese-doped HAp was successful with the formation of a hexagonal crystal lattice without disturbing the HAp phase. It is because, at the time of synthesis, PO43- ions form an electrostatic interaction with the Mn ions. Furthermore, Mn-doped HAp samples showed a reduction in their sizes of 15, 10-15, 5-10 nm width, and 80-100, 10-15, 20-30 nm length with varied pore diameters and surface area. The pure HAp, MnHAp-1, MnHAp-2, and MnHAp-3 nanorods disclose the surface area of 39.4, 18.0, 49.2, and 80.4 m2 g-1, with a pore volume of 0.0102, 0.0047, 0.0143, and 0.0447 cm3 g-1, the corresponding pore diameter was estimated to be 6, 7, 6, and 4 nm, respectively. Moreover, antibacterial activity reveals effective bactericidal action against infections causing pathogens whereas cytotoxicity examination (MTT assay), and zebrafish results reveal their non-toxic behavior. Therefore, it is evident from the study, that rapid fabrication of mesoporous and diverse structured MnHAp nanorods could be convenient with pyridinium chloride enabled microwave-assisted method as a bactericidal biomaterial for implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalu Karunakaran
- Biosensor Research Institute, Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Bum Cho
- Biosensor Research Institute, Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keerthanaa Thirumurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Suresh Kumar
- Department of Physics, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Evgeny Kolesnikov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy Pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Selvakumar Boobalan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopinathan Janarthanan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamatha Muraleedharan Pillai
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Rajendran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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