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Rashed F, Kamijyo S, Shimizu Y, Hirohashi Y, Khan M, Sugamori Y, Murali R, Aoki K. The Effects of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand-Binding Peptides on Bone Resorption and Bone Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648084. [PMID: 34295889 PMCID: PMC8290838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptides inhibit bone resorption and were recently shown to activate bone formation. The stimulatory mechanism underlying bone formation associated with these peptides was explained as RANKL-reverse signaling, wherein RANKL molecules on osteoblasts work as receptors to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. However, why RANKL-binding peptides stimulate osteoblast differentiation while osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is well known to bind to RANKL, cannot activate osteoblast differentiation has remained unclear. In this mini-review, we introduce three main issues: (1) The inhibitory effects of two RANKL-binding peptides (W9 and OP3-4) on bone resorption; (2) The stimulatory effects of the RANKL-binding peptides on osteoblast differentiation; and (3) The accumulation and membrane clustering of RANKL molecules at the cell surface of osteoblasts as a potential molecular switch stimulating osteoblast differentiation by RANKL-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Rashed
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, El Behera, Egypt
| | - Shingo Kamijyo
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Hirohashi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masud Khan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sugamori
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute X, Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sone E, Noshiro D, Ikebuchi Y, Nakagawa M, Khan M, Tamura Y, Ikeda M, Oki M, Murali R, Fujimori T, Yoda T, Honma M, Suzuki H, Ando T, Aoki K. The induction of RANKL molecule clustering could stimulate early osteoblast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:435-440. [PMID: 30594398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently found that the membrane-bound receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) on osteoblasts works as a receptor to stimulate osteoblast differentiation, however, the reason why the RANKL-binding molecules stimulate osteoblast differentiation has not been well clarified. Since the induction of cell-surface receptor clustering is known to lead to cell activation, we hypothesized that the induction of membrane-RANKL clustering on osteoblasts might stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Immunoblotting showed that the amount of RANKL on the membrane was increased by the RANKL-binding peptide OP3-4, but not by osteoprotegerin (OPG), the other RANKL-binding molecule, in Gfp-Rankl-transfected ST2 cells. Observation under a high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) revealed that RANKL molecules have the ability to form clusters. The induction of membrane-RANKL-OPG-Fc complex clustering by the addition of IgM in Gfp-Rankl-transfected ST2 cells could enhance the expression of early markers of osteoblast differentiation to the same extent as OP3-4, while OPG-Fc alone could not. These results suggest that the clustering-formation of membrane-RANKL on osteoblasts could stimulate early osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sone
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan; Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noshiro
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikebuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mami Nakagawa
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masud Khan
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Tamura
- Department of Bio-Matrix (Pharmacology), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Meiko Oki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masashi Honma
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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