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Lv Z, Ding Y, Cao W, Wang S, Gao K. Role of RHO family interacting cell polarization regulators (RIPORs) in health and disease: Recent advances and prospects. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:800-808. [PMID: 35002526 PMCID: PMC8741841 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The RHO GTPase family has been suggested to play critical roles in cell growth, migration, and polarization. Regulators and effectors of RHO GTPases have been extensively explored in recent years. However, little attention has been given to RHO family interacting cell polarization regulators (RIPORs), a recently discovered protein family of RHO regulators. RIPOR proteins, namely, RIPOR1-3, bind directly to RHO proteins (A, B and C) via a RHO-binding motif and exert suppressive effects on RHO activity, thereby negatively influencing RHO-regulated cellular functions. In addition, RIPORs are phosphorylated by upstream protein kinases under chemokine stimulation, and this phosphorylation affects not only their subcellular localization but also their interaction with RHO proteins, altering the activation of RHO downstream targets and ultimately impacting cell polarity and migration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on the function of RIPOR proteins in regulating RHO-dependent directional movement in immune responses and other pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxin Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Liang W, Mo C, Wei J, Chen W, Gong W, Shi J, Hou X, Li C, Deng Y, Ou M. FAM65A as a novel prognostic biomarker in human tumors reveal by a pan-cancer analysis. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:60. [PMID: 35201499 PMCID: PMC8777545 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family with sequence similarity 65 member A (FAM65A), also known as RIPOR1, is differentially expressed between human tumor and non-tumor tissues in kinds of cancers. In addition, it was reported that the product of FAM65A may be a biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma patients. However, there is still no evidence on the relationship between the FAM65A and different types of tumors. Our study is mainly for exploring the prognostic values of FAM65A in pan-cancer and for further discovering a potential therapeutics target. METHODS We analyzed FAM65A expression, prognostic values, genetic alteration, protein phosphorylation, immune infiltration and enrichment analysis across different types of human malignant tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Additionally, Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to further confirm the roles of FAM65A in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. RESULTS We found that FAM65A expression was associated with the prognosis of multiple human tumors, especially colorectal cancer. Moreover, we also observed that FAM65A was highly expressed in colorectal cancer through RT-qPCR. We observed that decreasing phosphorylation level of the S351 locus in colon adenocarcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. And the expression of FAM65A was positively related to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration in many tumors, such as colon adenocarcinoma. Therefore, FAM65A may be a potential prognostic biomarker of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenken Liang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, No. 1, Yanshan Middle Road, Guilin, 541000, China
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Chune Mo
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Jianfen Wei
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, No. 1, Yanshan Middle Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Jianling Shi
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Yecheng Deng
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, No. 1, Yanshan Middle Road, Guilin, 541000, China.
| | - Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212, Renmin Road, Guilin, 541000, China.
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