Using notifications data to increase hepatitis C testing and treatment rates in Queensland

Australia's goal of eliminating hepatitis C by 2030 requires increases in uptake of and access to testing and treatment. As hepatitis C is a notifiable condition, health departments have access to information about people exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), including the details of notifying clinicians who ordered their diagnostic pathology tests. Hepatitis C RNA testing confirms active infection that requires treatment, whereas a positive antibody test result only indicates prior exposure to the virus. We undertook a pilot project in Queensland to follow up hepatitis C notifications with clinicians, aiming to increase HCV-RNA testing and treatment uptake. For all individuals with a first-time hepatitis C notification in Queensland between 3 November 2020 and 28 May 2021, we sought information regarding hepatitis C RNA testing from laboratories, excluding those cases diagnosed in prisons. Cases who did not have RNA testing identified as part of or after their initial diagnostic tests were followed up via their notifying clinician. Interviews with selected clinicians were undertaken to improve our understanding of the follow-up process. There were 769 new hepatitis C notifications during our study period: 244 had no subsequent RNA test identified and were followed up for this study. Of these, 134 cases were lost to follow-up; 26 were already being effectively case managed; 22 reported previous treatment and no further risk; and 62 were eligible for HCV-RNA testing. Twenty-six cases subsequently started hepatitis C treatment. Thirty-four percent of notifications that required follow-up resulted from testing initially requested in hospital settings. Following up hepatitis C notifications can result in increased treatment rates; however, the process was resource-intensive and often failed to result in further contact between clinicians and patients. Our findings also highlight the importance of supporting better continuity of care between hospitals and community settings.