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Xie H, Gan P, Lü S, Tang T, Li C, Chen C, Guan X, Zhu Z, Ye Y, Huang X, Zhao S, Hu J, Zhang S, Wu J. Development of marker-free transgenic rice exhibiting stable and enhanced resistance to Rice ragged stunt virus and Rice grassy stunt virus via RNA interference. Plant Biotechnol J 2024. [PMID: 38572688 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoyuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangdong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ali Mohammadie Kojour M, Jang HA, Lee YS, Jo YH, Han YS. Immunological Roles of TmToll-2 in Response to Escherichia coli Systemic Infection in Tenebrio molitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214490. [PMID: 36430968 PMCID: PMC9699188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial roles of Toll-like receptors have been mainly identified in mammalian models and Drosophila. However, its immunological function in other insects has yet to be fully clarified. Here, we determined the innate immune response involvement of TmToll-2 encountering Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal infection. Our data revealed that TmToll-2 expression could be induced by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans infections in the fat bodies, gut, Malpighian tubules, and hemolymph of Tenebrio molitor young larvae. However, TmToll-2 silencing via RNAi technology revealed that sole E. coli systemic infection caused mortality in the double-strand RNA TmToll-2-injected group compared with that in the control group. Further investigation indicated that in the absence of TmToll-2, the final effector of Toll signaling pathway, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and relevant transcription factors were significantly downregulated, mainly E. coli post-insult. We showed that the expression of all AMP genes was suppressed in the main immune organ of insects, namely, fat bodies, in silenced individuals, while the relevant expressions were not affected after fungal infection. Thus, our research revealed the immunological roles of TmToll-2 in different organs of T. molitor in response to pathogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (Y.S.H.)
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Huang Z, Liu S, Lu N, Xu L, Shen Q, Huang Z, Huang Z, Saw PE, Xu X. Nucleus-specific RNAi nanoplatform for targeted regulation of nuclear lncRNA function and effective cancer therapy. Exploration (Beijing) 2022; 2:20220013. [PMID: 37325502 PMCID: PMC10191018 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of cancer therapy, a recently identified therapeutic target is represented by the essential subtype of RNA transcripts - the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA). While this is the case, it is especially difficult to successfully regulate the expression of this subtype in vivo, particularly due to the protection granted by the nuclear envelope of nuclear lncRNAs. This study documents the development of a nucleus-specific RNA interference (RNAi) nanoparticle (NP) platform for the targeted regulation of the nuclear lncRNA function, in order to effectuate successful cancer therapy. An NTPA (nucleus-targeting peptide amphiphile) and an endosomal pH-responsive polymer make up the novel RNAi nanoplatform in development, which is capable of complexing siRNA. The nanoplatform is capable of accumulating greatly in the tumor tissues and being internalized by tumor cells, following intravenous administration. The exposed complexes of the NTPA/siRNA may conveniently escape from the endosome with the pH-triggered NP disassociation, following which it can target the nucleus by specifically interacting with the importin α/β heterodimer. In orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models, this would result in a notable suppression of the expression of nuclear lncNEAT2 as well as greatly impede the growth of tumors in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Nan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Qian Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangP. R. China
| | - Zhuoshan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangP. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- RNA Biomedical InstituteSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangP. R. China
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Xin H, Lei M, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang H, Luo X, Wang A, Deng F. Suppression of IGF1R in Melanoma Cells by an Adenovirus-Mediated One-Step Knockdown System. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 12:861-871. [PMID: 30161025 PMCID: PMC6120749 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the IGF1R signaling pathway accelerates melanoma development and metastases. RNAi systems with complex cloning procedures and unsatisfactory efficiency in suppressing gene expression have become the technical difficulties that hinder their utility when studying gene knockdown. Here we established a simplified adenovirus-mediated gene knockdown system by which a single adenoviral vector carries multiple siRNA fragments that can effectively suppress IGF1R expression in melanoma cells. We first generated the adenovirus that simultaneously expresses three human or mouse siRNAs targeting IGF1R (AdRIGF1R-OK). qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining revealed that IGF1R expression was significantly decreased in the melanoma cells that were infected with AdRIGF1R-OK. Bioluminescence imaging showed that the size of the tumor formed by the xenografts infected with AdRIGF1R-OK was significantly smaller than that of the controls. Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry assay, immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3, and Hoechst staining showed that more cells underwent apoptosis after infection with AdRIGF1R-OK. Luciferase reporter assay, crystal violet cell viability assay, and cell-cycle analysis showed that the proliferation of melanoma cells infected with AdRIGF1R-OK was significantly decreased compared to the controls. This study demonstrates that the OK system is effective in silencing gene expression, with promising potential to treat melanoma and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Institute of New Drug Development, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; People's Liberation Army of China, 32137
| | - Xinwei Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Aoyun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Pereira P, Pedro AQ, Queiroz JA, Figueiras AR, Sousa F. New insights for therapeutic recombinant human miRNAs heterologous production: Rhodovolum sulfidophilum vs Escherichia coli. Bioengineered 2017; 8:670-677. [PMID: 28282262 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1284710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference-based technologies have emerged as an attractive and effective therapeutic option with potential application in diverse human diseases. These tools rely on the development of efficient strategies to obtain homogeneous non-coding RNA samples with adequate integrity and purity, thus avoiding non-targeted gene-silencing and related side-effects that impair their application onto pre-clinical practice. These RNAs have been preferentially obtained by in vitro transcription using DNA templates or via chemical synthesis. As an alternative to overcome the limitations presented by these methods, in vivo recombinant production of RNA biomolecules has become the focus in RNA synthesis research. Therefore, using pre-miR-29b as a model, here it is evaluated the time-course profile of Escherichia coli and Rhodovolum sulfidophilum microfactories to produce this microRNA. As the presence of major host contaminants arising from the biosynthesis process may have important implications in the subsequent downstream processing, it is also evaluated the production of genomic DNA and host total proteins. Considering the rapidly growing interest on these innovative biopharmaceuticals, novel, more cost-effective, simple and easily scaled-up technologies are highly desirable. As microRNA recombinant expression fulfills those requirements, it may take the leading edge in the methodologies currently available to obtain microRNAs for clinical or structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira
- a CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Augusto Q Pedro
- a CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - João A Queiroz
- a CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Ana R Figueiras
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba , Coimbra , Portugal.,c REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- a CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique , Covilhã , Portugal
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Rattanarojpong T, Khankaew S, Khunrae P, Vanichviriyakit R, Poomputsa K. Recombinant baculovirus mediates dsRNA specific to rr2 delivery and its protective efficacy against WSSV infection. J Biotechnol 2016; 229:44-52. [PMID: 27164257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major causative agent in shrimp farming. Consequently, RNAi technology is an effective strategy to prevent WSSV infection in shrimp especially dsRNA targeting to rr2 of WSSV. In an effort to develop dsRNA expression in shrimp for control of WSSV infection, we developed a recombinant baculovirus expressing recombinant VP28 as the gene delivery system to carry a gene encoding dsRNA specific to rr2 for triggering the RNAi process in shrimp. The results showed that the recombinant baculovirus harboring VP28 was able to express VP28 indicated by Western blot with polyclonal antibody specific to VP28. VP28 transcript was detected in shrimp hemocytes after co-culture hemocytes with the recombinant baculovirus displaying VP28. In addition, we found that shrimp injected with the recombinant baculovirus displaying VP28 and encoding dsRNA synthetic gene specific to rr2 (Bac-VP28-dsrr2) showed the lowest cumulative mortality (33%) at 14days post infection (dpi) when compared to shrimp injected with baculovirus displaying VP28 (Bac-VP28) (64% cumulative mortality) (p<0.05). According to the results, shrimp injected with Bac-VP28-dsrr2 also showed significantly lower WSSV copies than shrimp injected with Bac-VP28 (p<0.05) along with the down-regulation of rr2 expression at 1, 3 and 7dpi. In conclusion, the Bac-VP28-dsrr2 was effective in prevention of WSSV infection. Therefore, the results obtained here can be applied to the prevention of WSSV infection by mixing the recombinant baculovirus with shrimp feed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
| | - Suthiwat Khankaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Poomputsa
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
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Mboge MY, McKenna R, Frost SC. Advances in Anti-Cancer Drug Development Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII. Top Anticancer Res 2015; 5:3-42. [PMID: 30272043 PMCID: PMC6162069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment within a solid tumor is heterogeneous with regions being both acidic and hypoxic. As a result of this, cancer cells upregulate genes that allow survival in such environments. Some of these genes are pH regulatory factors, including carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and in some cases XII (CA XII). CA IX helps to maintain normal cytoplasmic pH (pHi) while simultaneously contributing to the extracellular pH (pHe). CA XII is also thought to be responsible for stabilizing pHe at physiological conditions. Extracellular acidification of the tumor microenvironment promotes local invasion and metastasis while decreasing the effectiveness of adjuvant therapies, thus contributing to poor cancer clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the properties of CA IX and CA XII that substantiate their potential use as anticancer targets. We also discuss the current status of CA isoform-selective inhibitor development and patents of CA IX/XII targeted inhibitors that show potential for treating aggressive tumors. Some of the recently published patents discussed include sulfonamide-based small molecule inhibitors including derivatives of boron cluster compounds; metal complexes of poly(carboxyl)amine-containing ligands; nitroi-midazole-, ureidosulfonamide-, and coumarin-based compounds; as well as G250 and A610 monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Corresponding authors Mam Y. Mboge and Susan C. Frost: University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Tel +1 352 294-8386, Fax +1 352 392-2953, ,
| | | | - Susan C. Frost
- Corresponding authors Mam Y. Mboge and Susan C. Frost: University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Tel +1 352 294-8386, Fax +1 352 392-2953, ,
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Mishra R, Kumar D, Tomar D, Chakraborty G, Kumar S, Kundu GC. The potential of class 3 semaphorins as both targets and therapeutics in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:427-42. [PMID: 25434284 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.986095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaphorins have been originally identified as a family of evolutionary conserved soluble or membrane-associated proteins involved in diverse developmental phenomena. This family of proteins profoundly influences numerous pathophysiological processes, including organogenesis, cardiovascular development and immune response. Apart from steering the neural networking process, these are implicated in a broad range of biological operations including regulation of tumor progression and angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED Members of class 3 semaphorin family are known to modulate various cellular processes involved in malignant transformation. Some of the family members trigger diverse signaling processes involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis by binding with plexin and neuropilin. A better understanding of the various signaling mechanisms by which semaphorins modulate tumor progression and angiogenesis may serve as crucial tool in crafting new semaphorin-based anticancer therapy. These include treatment with recombinant tumor suppressive semaphorins or inhibition of tumor-promoting semaphorins by their specific siRNAs, small-molecule inhibitors or specific receptors using neutralizing antibodies or blocking peptides that might serve as novel strategies for effective management of cancers. EXPERT OPINION This review focuses on all the possible avenues to explore various members of class 3 semaphorin family to serve as therapeutics for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Mishra
- Loboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science (NCCS) , Pune 411007 , India
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