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Namazian Jam N, Gottlöber F, Hempel M, Dzekhtsiarova Y, Behrens S, Sonntag F, Sradnick J, Hugo C, Schmieder F. Microphysiological Conditions Do Not Affect MDR1-Mediated Transport of Rhodamine 123 above an Artificial Proximal Tubule. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2045. [PMID: 37509683 PMCID: PMC10376999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite disadvantages, such as high cost and their poor predictive value, animal experiments are still the state of the art for pharmaceutical substance testing. One reason for this problem is the inability of standard cell culture methods to emulate the physiological environment necessary to recapitulate in vivo processes. Microphysiological systems offer the opportunity to close this gap. In this study, we utilize a previously employed microphysiological system to examine the impact of pressure and flow on the transportation of substances mediated by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) across an artificial cell-based tubular barrier. By using a miniaturized fluorescence measurement device, we could continuously track the MDR1-mediated transport of rhodamine 123 above the artificial barrier over 48 h. We proved that applying pressure and flow affects both active and passive transport of rhodamine 123. Using experimental results and curve fittings, the kinetics of MDR1-mediated transport as well as passive transport were investigated; thus, a kinetic model that explains this transport above an artificial tubular barrier was identified. This kinetic model demonstrates that the simple Michaelis-Menten model is not an appropriate model to explain the MDR1-mediated transport; instead, Hill kinetics, with Hill slope of n = 2, is a better fit. The kinetic values, Km, Vmax, and apparent permeability (Papp), obtained in this study are comparable with other in vivo and in vitro studies. Finally, the presented proximal tubule-on-a-chip can be used for pharmaceutical substance testing and to investigate pharmacokinetics of the renal transporter MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Namazian Jam
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Gottlöber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Hempel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuliya Dzekhtsiarova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schmieder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
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Saib S, Hodin S, Mercier C, Paul M, Bin V, Ollier E, Delavenne X. TNF-α and IL-1β Exposure Modulates the Expression and Functionality of P-Glycoprotein in Intestinal and Renal Barriers. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2327-2334. [PMID: 35674492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is characterized by an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines known to alter the expression and functionality of drug transporters. Since P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a key role in the pharmacokinetics of several drugs, these modulations could further affect drug exposure. In this context, this study aims to investigate the impact of in vitro cytokine exposure on the expression and activity of P-gp using the intestinal model Caco-2 and the human renal cells RPTEC/TERT1. Cells were exposed to various concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β for 24 or 72 h. Gene expression was then assessed by RT-qPCR followed by absolute quantification of P-gp using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Then, the activity of P-gp was assessed by the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123. TNF-α increased both the gene expression and P-gp activity by 15-40% in each model. Minor modulations were observed at the protein level with increases of up to 8% for RPTEC/TERT1 cells and 24% for Caco-2 cells. Conversely, IL-1β led to a downregulation of gene, protein, and functionality by 48 and 25% in intestinal and renal cells, respectively. Taken together, these data highlighted that gene expression levels and functional activity of P-gp are altered by the pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestinal and renal cells. Such pronounced changes in human P-gp could result in altered exposure to drug substrates. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the impact of inflammation on drug pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Saib
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Sophie Hodin
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Clément Mercier
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Mireille Paul
- INSERM U1059, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative du Tissu Osseux (LBTO), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Valérie Bin
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Edouard Ollier
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase (DVH), Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne CS 82301, France
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3
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van der Stel W, Carta G, Eakins J, Darici S, Delp J, Forsby A, Bennekou SH, Gardner I, Leist M, Danen EHJ, Walker P, van de Water B, Jennings P. Multiparametric assessment of mitochondrial respiratory inhibition in HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using a panel of mitochondrial targeting agrochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2707-2729. [PMID: 32607615 PMCID: PMC7395062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting for the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathologies including metabolic diseases, accelerated ageing, neurodegenerative diseases and in certain xenobiotic-induced organ toxicity. Assessing mitochondrial perturbations is not trivial and the outcomes of such investigations are dependent on the cell types used and assays employed. Here we systematically investigated the effect of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors on multiple mitochondrial-related parameters in two human cell types, HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1. Cells were exposed to a broad range of concentrations of 20 ETC-inhibiting agrochemicals and capsaicin, consisting of inhibitors of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I, CI), succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II, CII) and cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III, CIII). A battery of tests was utilised, including viability assays, lactate production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the Seahorse bioanalyser, which simultaneously measures extracellular acidification rate [ECAR] and oxygen consumption rate [OCR]. CI inhibitors caused a potent decrease in OCR, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ECAR and increased lactate production in both cell types. Twenty-fourhour exposure to CI inhibitors decreased viability of RPTEC/TERT1 cells and 3D spheroid-cultured HepG2 cells in the presence of glucose. CI inhibitors decreased 2D HepG2 viability only in the absence of glucose. CII inhibitors had no notable effects in intact cells up to 10 µM. CIII inhibitors had similar effects to the CI inhibitors. Antimycin A was the most potent CIII inhibitor, with activity in the nanomolar range. The proposed CIII inhibitor cyazofamid demonstrated a mitochondrial uncoupling signal in both cell types. The study presents a comprehensive example of a mitochondrial assessment workflow and establishes measurable key events of ETC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Eakins
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Salihanur Darici
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Qiu X, Miao Y, Geng X, Zhou X, Li B. Evaluation of biomarkers for in vitro prediction of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:91-100. [PMID: 32440340 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been intensive efforts to identify in vivo biomarkers that can be used to monitor drug-induced kidney damage before significant impairment occurs. Kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, clusterin, β2-microglobulin and cystatin C (CysC) have been validated as clinical or preclinical biomarkers in urinary and plasma predictive of acute and chronic kidney injuries and diseases. A high-throughput in vitro assay predictive of nephrotoxicity could potentially be implemented in early drug discovery stage to reduce attrition at later stages of drug development. To assess the potential of these known in vivo biomarkers for in vitro evaluation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, we selected four nephrotoxic agents (cisplatin, cyclosporin, aristolochic acid I and gentamicin) and detected their effects on the protein levels of nephrotoxic biomarkers in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. The protein levels of clusterin, CysC, GSTπ and TIMP-1 significantly increased in the conditioned media of RPTEC/TERT1 cells treated with cisplatin, cyclosporin, aristolochic acid I and gentamicin. The messenger RNA levels of clusterin, CysC, GSTπ and TIMP-1 also increased in RPTEC/TERT1 cells treated with cisplatin, cyclosporin, aristolochic acid I and gentamicin, indicating that drug-induced upregulation involves transcriptional activation. Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that among the known in vivo nephrotoxic biomarkers, clusterin, CysC, GSTπ and TIMP-1 can be effectively used as in vitro biomarkers for drug-induced nephrotoxicity in RPTEC/TERT1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
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5
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Limonciel A, Ates G, Carta G, Wilmes A, Watzele M, Shepard PJ, VanSteenhouse HC, Seligmann B, Yeakley JM, van de Water B, Vinken M, Jennings P. Comparison of base-line and chemical-induced transcriptomic responses in HepaRG and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using TempO-Seq. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2517-2531. [PMID: 30008028 PMCID: PMC6063331 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The utilisation of genome-wide transcriptomics has played a pivotal role in advancing the field of toxicology, allowing the mapping of transcriptional signatures to chemical exposures. These activities have uncovered several transcriptionally regulated pathways that can be utilised for assessing the perturbation impact of a chemical and also the identification of toxic mode of action. However, current transcriptomic platforms are not very amenable to high-throughput workflows due to, high cost, complexities in sample preparation and relatively complex bioinformatic analysis. Thus, transcriptomic investigations are usually limited in dose and time dimensions and are, therefore, not optimal for implementation in risk assessment workflows. In this study, we investigated a new cost-effective, transcriptomic assay, TempO-Seq, which alleviates the aforementioned limitations. This technique was evaluated in a 6-compound screen, utilising differentiated kidney (RPTEC/TERT1) and liver (HepaRG) cells and compared to non-transcriptomic label-free sensitive endpoints of chemical-induced disturbances, namely phase contrast morphology, xCELLigence and glycolysis. Non-proliferating cell monolayers were exposed to six sub-lethal concentrations of each compound for 24 h. The results show that utilising a 2839 gene panel, it is possible to discriminate basal tissue-specific signatures, generate dose-response relationships and to discriminate compound-specific and cell type-specific responses. This study also reiterates previous findings that chemical-induced transcriptomic alterations occur prior to cytotoxicity and that transcriptomics provides in depth mechanistic information of the effects of chemicals on cellular transcriptional responses. TempO-Seq is a robust transcriptomic platform that is well suited for in vitro toxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Limonciel
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gamze Ates
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Watzele
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Shepard
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | | | - Bruce Seligmann
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Joanne M Yeakley
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9503, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Shrestha S, Somji S, Sens DA, Slusser-Nore A, Patel DH, Savage E, Garrett SH. Human renal tubular cells contain CD24/CD133 progenitor cell populations: Implications for tubular regeneration after toxicant induced damage using cadmium as a model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:116-129. [PMID: 28587817 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubules of the kidney are target sites of injury by various toxicants. Cadmium (Cd+2), an environmental nephrotoxicant can cause adverse effects and overt renal damage. To decipher the mechanisms involved in nephrotoxicity, an in vitro model system is required. Mortal cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells have served, as models but are difficult to acquire and do not lend themselves to stable transfection. The immortalized human proximal tubule cell line HK-2, has served as a model but it lacks vectorial active transport and shows signs of lost epithelial features. Recently a new proximal tubule cell line was developed, the RPTEC/TERT1, and the goal of this study was to determine if this cell line could serve as a model to study nephrotoxicity. Global gene expression analysis of this cell line in comparison to the HK-2 and HPT cells showed that the RPTEC/TERT1 cells had gene expression patterns similar to HPT cells when compared to the HK-2 cells. The HPT and the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line had an increased population of stem/progenitor cells co-expressing CD24 and CD133 when compared to the HK-2 cells. The level of expression of cadherins, claudins and occludin molecules was also similar between the RPTEC/TERT1 and the HPT cells. Acute exposure to Cd+2 resulted in necrosis of the RPTEC/TERT1 cells when compared to the HK-2 cells which died by apoptosis. Thus, the RPTEC/TERT1 cells are similar to HPT cells and can serve as a good model system to study mechanisms involved in toxicant induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swojani Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Andrea Slusser-Nore
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Divyen H Patel
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Evan Savage
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
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Shah H, Patel M, Shrivastava N. Gene expression study of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes in RPTEC/TERT1 cell line: application in in vitro nephrotoxicity prediction. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:837-843. [PMID: 27616666 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1236299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The phase I and II metabolizing enzymes of kidneys play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotic as well as endogenous compounds and proximal tubules of kidney constitute high concentration of these metabolizing enzymes compared with the other parts. 2. It has been shown previously that differential enzyme expression among human and rodent/non-rodent species can be a roadblock in drug discovery and development process. Currently, proximal tubule cell lines of human origin such as RPTEC/TERT1 and HK-2 are used to understand the pathophysiology of kidney diseases, therapeutic efficacy of drugs, and nephrotoxicity of compounds. 3. The purpose of the present study is to understand the metabolic enzymes present in RPTEC/TERT1 and HK-2 cell lines that would help to interpret and predict probable in vitro behavior of the molecule being tested. 4. We analyzed the expression of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes of RPTEC/TERT1 and HK-2 cell lines. We found equal expression of CYP1B1, 2J2, 3A4, 3A5, UGT1A9, SULT2A1 and GSTA, higher expression of 2B6, 2D6, 4A11, 4F2, 4F8, 4F11, UGT2B7, SULT1E1 in RPTEC/TERT1 and absence of GSTT in RPTEC/TERT1 compared to HK-2 at mRNA level. Such differences can affect the outcome of in vitro nephrotoxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Shah
- a Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and
| | - Manish Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- a Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and.,b Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Center , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Aschauer L, Carta G, Vogelsang N, Schlatter E, Jennings P. Expression of xenobiotic transporters in the human renal proximal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT1. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:95-105. [PMID: 25500123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a major target for drug-induced injury, primarily due the fact that it transports a wide variety of chemical entities into and out of the tubular lumen. Here, we investigated the expression of the main xenobiotic transporters in the human renal proximal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT1 at an mRNA and/or protein level. RPTEC/TERT1 cells expressed OCT2, OCT3, OCTN2, MATE1, MATE2, OAT1, OAT3 and OAT4. The functionality of the OCTs was demonstrated by directional transport of the fluorescent dye 4-Di-1-ASP. In addition, P-glycoprotein activity in RPTEC/TERT1 cells was verified by fluorescent dye retention in presence of various P-glycoprotein inhibitors. In comparison to proliferating cells, contact inhibited RPTEC/TERT1 cells expressed increased mRNA levels of several ABC transporter family members and were less sensitive to cyclosporine A. We conclude that differentiated RPTEC/TERT1 cells are well suited for utilisation in xenobiotic transport and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Aschauer L, Limonciel A, Wilmes A, Stanzel S, Kopp-Schneider A, Hewitt P, Lukas A, Leonard MO, Pfaller W, Jennings P. Application of RPTEC/TERT1 cells for investigation of repeat dose nephrotoxicity: A transcriptomic study. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:106-16. [PMID: 25450743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a major target organ for toxicity. Incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing at an alarming rate due to factors such as increasing population age and increased prevalence of heart disease and diabetes. There is a major effort ongoing to develop superior predictive models of renal injury and early renal biomarkers that can predict onset of CKD. In the EU FP7 funded project, Predict-IV, we investigated the human renal proximal tubule cells line, RPTEC/TERT1 for their applicability to long term nephrotoxic mechanistic studies. To this end, we used a tiered strategy to optimise dosing regimes for 9 nephrotoxins. Our final testing protocol utilised differentiated RPTEC/TERT1 cells cultured on filter inserts treated with compounds at both the apical and basolateral side, at concentrations not exceeding IC10, for 14 days in a 24 h repeat application. Transepithelial electrical resistance and supernatant lactate were measured over the duration of the experiments and genome wide transcriptomic profiles were assayed at day 1, 3 and 14. The effect of hypoxia was investigated for a subset of compounds. The transcriptomic data were analysed to investigate compound-specific effects, global responses and mechanistically informative signatures. In addition, several potential clinically useful renal injury biomarkers were identified.
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Simon BR, Wilson MJ, Blake DA, Yu H, Wickliffe JK. Cadmium alters the formation of benzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:391-400. [PMID: 25170436 PMCID: PMC4142648 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the sensitivity of RPTEC/TERT1 cells, an immortalized human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line, to two common environmental carcinogens, cadmium (Cd) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Here, we measured BPDE-DNA adducts using a competitive ELISA method after cells were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM B[a]P to determine if these cells, which appear metabolically competent, produce BPDE metabolites that react with DNA. BPDE-DNA adducts were most significantly elevated at 1 μM B[a]P after 18 and 24 h with 36.34 ± 9.14 (n = 3) and 59.75 ± 17.03 (n = 3) adducts/108 nucleotides respectively. For mixture studies, cells were exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of Cd, 1 μM, for 24 h and subsequently exposed to concentrations of B[a]P for 24 h. Under these conditions, adducts detected at 1 μM B[a]P after 24 h were significantly reduced, 17.28 ± 1.30 (n = 3) adducts/108 nucleotides, in comparison to the same concentration at previous time points without Cd pre-treatment. We explored the NRF2 antioxidant pathway and total glutathione levels in cells as possible mechanisms reducing adduct formation under co-exposure. Results showed a significant increase in the expression of NRF2-responsive genes, GCLC, HMOX1, NQO1, after 1 μM Cd × 1 μM B[a]P co-exposure. Additionally, total glutathione levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to 1 μM Cd alone and 1 μM Cd × 1 μM B[a]P. Together, these results suggest that Cd may antagonize the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line under these conditions. We hypothesize that this occurs through priming of the antioxidant response pathway resulting in an increased capacity to detoxify BPDE prior to BPDE-DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget R Simon
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 ; Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Mark J Wilson
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Diane A Blake
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Haini Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jeffrey K Wickliffe
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 ; Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Simon B, Wilson M, Wickliffe J. The RPTEC/TERT1 cell line models key renal cell responses to the environmental toxicants, benzo[a]pyrene and cadmium. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:231-242. [PMID: 25126521 PMCID: PMC4128258 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized initial canonical responses to two environmental toxicants, cadmium (Cd) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), in a novel in vitro model derived from renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) of a healthy human donor. The RPTEC/TERT1 cell line has been immortalized using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) subunit only and does not exhibit chromosomal abnormalities. RPTEC/TERT1 cells were exposed to single-compound and binary mixtures of Cd and B[a]P, known or suspected renal toxicants respectively. Cells exhibited cytotoxicity to concentrations of B[a]P and Cd as low as 1 nm and 3 μM, respectively. RPTEC/TERT1 cells exhibited compound-specific gene expression responses when exposed to 0.01-1 μM B[a]P and 0.1-10 μM Cd. A significant increase in the expression of genes coding for B[a]P metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1) occurred in a dose and time dependent manner at 3, 6, and 24 h post exposure. Likewise, a significant increase in the heavy metal responsive gene MT2A was observed following exposure to Cd. The EROD activity assay confirmed significant increases in CYP1(A/B) activity after 24 h of exposure to B[a]P which was not affected by the presence of Cd. Co-exposure to low concentrations of Cd and B[a]P were consistent with changes in gene expression as seen with single-compound exposures. These experiments are the first to provide information regarding toxicological responses in the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line that model those of the target tissue. We conclude that these cells can provide a useful tool for future toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.R. Simon
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - M.J. Wilson
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - J.K. Wickliffe
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
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