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Jia D, Wang H, Wang Q, Li W, Lan X, Zhou H, Zhang Z. Rapid shallow breathing index predicting extubation outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 80:103551. [PMID: 37783181 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to assess the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index for extubation outcomes. METHODOLOGY We conducted a systematic review of literature (inception to March 2023) and a meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 software, RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 14.0 software to evaluate the predictive value of RSBI for extubation outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1,987 studies were retrieved, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 79 studies were included in the final analysis, involving 13,170 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The random-effects model was employed for statistical analysis. The summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8144. The pooled sensitivity was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.61), the pooled specificity was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.70). CONCLUSIONS The Rapid Shallow Breathing Index demonstrated moderate accuracy, poor pooled sensitivity and specificity in predicting successful extubation, however the study does not present adequate data to support or reject the use of this tool as a single parameter that predicts extubation outcome. Future studies should explore the combination of The Rapid Shallow Breathing Index with other indicators and clinical experience to improve the success rate of extubation and reduce the risk of extubation failure. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Premature and delayed extubation in mechanically ventilated patients can have a negative impact on prognosis and prolong hospital stay. The Rapid Shallow Breathing Index is a simple, cost-effective, and easily monitored objective evaluation index, which can be used to predict the outcome of extubation, especially in primary hospitals. Our study comprehensively evaluated the value of this tool in predicting extubation outcomes, which can help clinicians combine subjective experience with objective indicators to improve the accuracy of extubation time decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hengyang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xuhong Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hongfang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
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Abplanalp LA, Ionescu F, Calvo-Ayala E, Yu L, Nair GB. Static Respiratory System Compliance as a Predictor of Extubation Failure in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure. Lung 2023:10.1007/s00408-023-00625-7. [PMID: 37300706 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ventilator weaning protocols rely in part on objective indices to best predict extubation failure in the critically ill. We investigated static respiratory system compliance (RC) as a predictor of extubation failure, in comparison to extubation readiness using rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multi-institutional study of mechanically ventilated patients admitted between 12/01/2017 and 12/01/2019. All patients older than 18 years with a documented spontaneous breathing trial and extubation trial were included. RC and RSBI were calculated prior to the extubation trial. The primary outcome was extubation failure-defined as need for reintubation within 72 h from time of extubation. RESULTS Of the 2263 patients, 55.8% were males with a mean age of 68 years. The population consisted mostly of Caucasians (73%) and African Americans (20.4%). 274 (12.1%) patients required reintubation within 72 h. On multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, number of ventilator days, and the P/F ratio on the day of extubation, RC remained the strongest predictor for extubation failure at 24 h (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.00-2.10) and 72 h (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.15-2.17). There was no significant association between RSBI and extubation failure at 24 (aOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01) or at 72 h (aOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). CONCLUSION RC measured on the day of extubation is a promising physiological discriminant to potentially risk stratify patients with acute respiratory failure for extubation readiness. We recommend further validation studies in prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Abplanalp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Filip Ionescu
- OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida Morsani Medical School, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Enrique Calvo-Ayala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Limin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Girish B Nair
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
- OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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Eksombatchai D, Sukkratok C, Sutherasan Y, Junhasavasdikul D, Theerawit P. The ratio of respiratory rate to diaphragm thickening fraction for predicting extubation success. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:109. [PMID: 37016339 PMCID: PMC10071651 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several parameters are used to predict successful extubation but their accuracy varies among studies. We hypothesized that combining conventional and diaphragmatic parameters would be more effective than using just one. Our primary objective was to evaluate the performance of the respiratory rate in relation to the diaphragm thickening fraction (RR/DTF) ratio to predict the success of extubation. METHODS We enrolled 130 adult patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation, planned to be extubated, and used a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) in the intensive care unit from July 2020 to April 2022. We measured the conventional parameters and the diaphragmatic parameters 2 h after SBT. The RR/DTF was calculated by dividing the respiratory rate (RR) by the diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF). The definition of weaning success is successful extubation within 48 h. RESULTS Of 130 patients, 8 patients (6.2%) were reintubated within 48 h. The RR/DTF was significantly lower in the successful extubation group than in the extubation failure group (right hemidiaphragm; 0.47 (0.33-0.64) vs 1.1 (0.6-2.32), p < 0.001 and left hemidiaphragm; 0.45 (0.31-0.65) vs 0.78 (0.48-1.75), p < 0.001). The right RR/DTF using a cut-off point at ≤ 0.81 had a sensitivity of 87.7%, a specificity of 75%, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.762 for predicting successful extubation (p = 0.013). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC for predicting extubation success of right DTF at a cut-off point of ≥ 26.2% were 84.3%, 62.5%, and 0.775, respectively (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The RR/DTF ratio is a promising tool for predicting extubation outcome. Additionally, using RR/DTF was more reliable than conventional or diaphragmatic parameters alone in predicting extubation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dararat Eksombatchai
- Division of Pulmonary and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Chalermwut Sukkratok
- Division of Pulmonary and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Yuda Sutherasan
- Division of Pulmonary and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Detajin Junhasavasdikul
- Division of Pulmonary and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Pongdhep Theerawit
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand.
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Rittayamai N, Ratchaneewong N, Tanomsina P, Kongla W. Validation of rapid shallow breathing index displayed by the ventilator compared to the standard technique in patients with readiness for weaning. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:310. [PMID: 34600522 PMCID: PMC8486963 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is the most commonly used parameter for predicting weaning outcome. Measurement of RSBI by Wright spirometer (RSBIstandard) is the standard method in routine clinical practice. Data specific to the accuracy and reliability of the RSBI value displayed by the ventilator (RSBIvent) are scarce. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the average value of RSBIvent at different time points and RSBIstandard, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of these two RSBI measurement techniques. METHODS This prospective cohort study included mechanically ventilated patients who were ready to wean. At the beginning of spontaneous breathing trial using the flow-by method, RSBI was measured by two different techniques at the same time, including: (1) Wright spirometer (breathing frequency/average tidal volume in 1 min) (RSBIstandard), and (2) the values displayed on the ventilator at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 s (RSBIvent). RESULTS Forty-seven patients were enrolled. The RSBIvent value was significantly higher than the RSBIstandard value for every comparison. According to Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the average value of RSBI from 5 time points (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 s) showed the best correlation with the standard technique (r = 0.76 [P < 0.001], and ICC = 0.79 [95% CI 0.61-0.88], respectively). Bland-Altman plot also showed the best agreement between RSBIstandard and the RSBIvent value averaged among 5 time points (mean difference - 17.1 breaths/min/L). CONCLUSIONS We found that the ventilator significantly overestimates the RSBI value compared to the standard technique by Wright spirometer. The average RSBIvent value among 5 time points (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 s) was found to best correlate with RSBIstandard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapol Rittayamai
- Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Natwipha Ratchaneewong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pirat Tanomsina
- Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Withoon Kongla
- Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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Mercurio G, D'Arrigo S, Moroni R, Grieco DL, Menga LS, Romano A, Annetta MG, Bocci MG, Eleuteri D, Bello G, Montini L, Pennisi MA, Conti G, Antonelli M. Diaphragm thickening fraction predicts noninvasive ventilation outcome: a preliminary physiological study. Crit Care 2021; 25:219. [PMID: 34174903 PMCID: PMC8233594 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A correlation between unsuccessful noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and poor outcome has been suggested in de-novo Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) patients. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to identify accurate predictors of NIV outcome. The aim of our preliminary study is to evaluate the Diaphragmatic Thickening Fraction (DTF) and the respiratory rate/DTF ratio as predictors of NIV outcome in de-novo ARF patients. METHODS Over 36 months, we studied patients admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of de-novo ARF and requiring NIV treatment. DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio were measured by 2 trained operators at baseline, at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of NIV treatment and/or until NIV discontinuation or intubation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio to distinguish between patients who were successfully weaned and those who failed. RESULTS Eighteen patients were included. We found overall good repeatability of DTF assessment, with Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.88). The cut-off values of DTF for prediction of NIV failure were < 36.3% and < 37.1% for the operator 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The cut-off value of respiratory rate/DTF ratio for prediction of NIV failure was > 0.6 for both operators (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio may both represent valid, feasible and noninvasive tools to predict NIV outcome in patients with de-novo ARF. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02976233, registered 26 November 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mercurio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sonia D'Arrigo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Moroni
- Biostatistics, Office of the Scientific Director, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Luca Grieco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore Menga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Romano
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Annetta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bocci
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Eleuteri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Montini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Alberto Pennisi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Helmy MA, Magdy Milad L, Osman SH, Ali MA, Hasanin A. Diaphragmatic excursion: A possible key player for predicting successful weaning in patients with severe COVID-19. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100875. [PMID: 33940248 PMCID: PMC8086373 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adolf Helmy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lydia Magdy Milad
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safinaz Hassan Osman
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Ahmed Ali
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hasanin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Magnet FS, Heilf E, Huttmann SE, Callegari J, Schwarz SB, Storre JH, Windisch W. The spontaneous breathing trial is of low predictive value regarding spontaneous breathing ability in subjects with prolonged, unsuccessful weaning. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:300-6. [PMID: 31392353 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-019-0599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is a well-established diagnostic test for predicting extubation failure in intubated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, the SBT has not been evaluated in a specific cohort of tracheostomized patients in whom weaning is prolonged and ultimately unsuccessful. Objective The aim of the trial was to investigate the relevance of SBT failure criteria in chronic respiratory failure subjects undergoing long-term invasive home mechanical ventilation following tracheostomy and weaning failure. Methods Measurement of all established failure criteria including pneumotachygraphical assessment of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) took place during an SBT. The decision to continue spontaneous breathing was based on failure criteria as well as the subjective willingness of the patient. Results Fifteen subjects with a median age of 58 years (interquartile range [IQR] 44–74) were studied; 10 with COPD, 4 with neuromuscular diseases and 1 with both. Twelve subjects met the SBT failure criteria within 30 min, but one third of these subjects were still able to continue with spontaneous breathing. In contrast, 3 subjects could not be weaned despite the SBT being successful. An increased RSBI was the most frequently observed SBT failure criterion (57% of all SBT). However, the SBT varied substantially in individual subjects who were able to sustain spontaneous breathing, despite having reached the cut-off for SBT failure. Conclusion The SBT was of low predictive value regarding spontaneous breathing ability in chronic respiratory failure subjects with prolonged, unsuccessful weaning.
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Pirompanich P, Romsaiyut S. Use of diaphragm thickening fraction combined with rapid shallow breathing index for predicting success of weaning from mechanical ventilator in medical patients. J Intensive Care 2018; 6:6. [PMID: 29435329 PMCID: PMC5797391 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-018-0277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weaning failure is a crucial hindrance in critically ill patients. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), a well-known weaning index, has some limitations in predicting weaning outcomes. A new weaning index using point-of-care ultrasound with diaphragmic thickening fraction (DTF) has potential benefits for improving weaning success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of DTF and RSBI for predicting successful weaning compared to RSBI alone. Methods This prospective study enrolled patients from the medical intensive care unit or ward who were using mechanical ventilation and readied for weaning. Patients underwent a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) for 1 h, and then, both hemi-diaphragms were visualized in the zone of apposition using a 10-MHz linear probe. Diaphragm thickness was recorded at the end of inspiration and expiration which supposed the lung volume equal to total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV), respectively, and the DTF was calculated as a percentage from this formula: thickness at TLC minus thickness at RV divided by thickness at RV. In addition, RSBI was calculated at 1 min after SBT. Weaning failure was defined as the inability to maintain spontaneous breathing within 48 h. Results Of the 34 patients enrolled, the mean (± SD) age was 66.5 (± 13.5) years. There were 25 patients with weaning success, 9 patients in the weaning failure group. The receiver operating characteristic curves of right and left DTF and the RSBI for the prediction of successful weaning were 0.951, 0.700, and 0.709, respectively. The most accurate cutoff value for prediction of successful weaning was right DTF ≥ 26% (sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 68%, positive predictive value of 89%, negative predictive value of 86%). The combination of right DTF ≥ 26% and RSBI ≤ 105 increased specificity to 78% but slightly decreased sensitivity to 92%. Intra-observer correlation increased sharply to almost 0.9 in the first ten patients and slightly increased after that. Conclusions Point-of-care ultrasound to assess diaphragm function has an excellent learning curve and helps physicians determine weaning readiness in critically ill patients. The combination of right DTF and RSBI greatly improved the accuracy for prediction of successful weaning compared to RSBI alone. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20171025001. Retrospectively registered on October 23, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarin Pirompanich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Sasithon Romsaiyut
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
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Goncalves EC, Lago AF, Silva EC, de Almeida MB, Basile-Filho A, Gastaldi AC. How Mechanical Ventilation Measurement, Cutoff and Duration Affect Rapid Shallow Breathing Index Accuracy: A Randomized Trial. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:289-296. [PMID: 28270888 PMCID: PMC5330771 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2856w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased accuracy of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) can stem from 1) the method used to obtain this index, 2) duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and 3) the established cutoff point. The objective was to evaluate the values of RSBI determined by three different methods, using distinct MV times and cutoff points. METHODS This prospective study included 40 subjects. Before extubation, three different methods were employed to measure RSBI: pressure support ventilator (PSV) (PSV = 5 - 8 cm H2O; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 5 cm H2O) (RSBI_MIN), automatic tube compensation (ATC) (PSV = 0, PEEP = 5 cm H2O, and 100% tube compensation) (RSBI_ATC), and disconnected MV (RSBI_SP). The results were analyzed according to the MV period (less than or over 72 h) and to the outcome of extubation (< 72 h, successful and failed; > 72 h successful and failed). The accuracy of each method was determined at different cutoff points (105, 78, and 50 cycles/min/L). RESULTS The RSBI_MIN, RSBI_ATC, and RSBI_SP values in the group < 72 h were 38 ± 18, 45 ± 26 and 55 ± 22; in the group > 72 h, RSBI_SP value was higher than those of RSBI_ATC and RSBI_MIN (78 ± 29, 51 ± 19 and 39 ± 14) (P < 0.001). For patients with MV > 72 h who failed in removing MV, the RSBI_SP was higher (93 ± 28, 58 ± 18 and 41 ± 10) (P < 0.000), with greater accuracy at cutoff of 78. CONCLUSION RSBI_SP associated with cutoff point < 78 cycles/min/L seems to be the best strategy to identify failed extubation in subjects with MV for over 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Goncalves
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fabiane Lago
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine Caetano Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Anibal Basile-Filho
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ada Clarice Gastaldi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Saikia B, Kumar N, Sreenivas V. Prediction of extubation failure in newborns, infants and children: brief report of a prospective (blinded) cohort study at a tertiary care paediatric centre in India. Springerplus 2015; 4:827. [PMID: 26753114 PMCID: PMC4695462 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Extubation failure (EF), defined as need for re-intubation within 24–72 h, is multifactorial. Factors predicting EF in adults generally are not useful in children. Objective To determine the factors associated with EF and to facilitate prediction of EF in mechanically ventilated infants and children less than 12 years of age. Material and Methods Design Prospective cohort study. Setting PICU and NICU of a multispecialty tertiary care institute. Patients All consecutive newborns, infants and children, who remained on the ventilator for more than 12 h, were included. Patients with upper airway obstruction, neuromuscular disorders, complex anatomic malformations, accidental extubation, tracheostomy or death before extubation were excluded. Methods The pre-extubation clinical, laboratory and ventilatory parameters were collected for 92 cases over a one and half year period. The EF rate was calculated for each variable using STATA 9. All the treating physicians were blinded to the data collection procedure. Measurements and Results Demographics were comparable between the extubation success and EF groups. Respiratory failure was the main cause requiring ventilation (46.74 %, 95 % CI 0.37–0.57) as well as EF (30.23 %, 95 % CI 0.08–0.23). 76.92 % (95 % CI 0.58–0.89) of patients that failed extubation had alterations in respiratory effort, 38.46 % (95 % CI 0.22–0.57) each had either poor or increased respiratory effort. Poor cough reflex (p = 0.001), thick endotracheal secretions (p = 0.02), failed spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) (p = 0.001) and higher rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) (p = 0.001) were found to be associated with EF. Conclusions Paediatric EF is multifactorial. Increased or poor respiratory effort and failed SBT are potential factors in deciding re-intubation. Increased RSBI, poor cough reflex and thick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedangshu Saikia
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, St Stephens Hospital, Tis Hazari, New Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, St Stephens Hospital, Tis Hazari, New Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Fadaii A, Amini SS, Bagheri B, Taherkhanchi B. Assessment of rapid shallow breathing index as a predictor for weaning in respiratory care unit. Tanaffos 2012; 11:28-31. [PMID: 25191425 PMCID: PMC4153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, air way support plays pivotal role in management of patients in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) and also RCU (Respiratory Care Unit). Ventilator weaning is an important step in the care of ICU and RCU patients. It is the gradual removal of mechanical ventilatory support. Different predictors are used for initiation of weaning. This study was designed to investigate the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) as a predictor for successful weaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients who had mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in a respiratory care unit in Tehran Labbafi Nejad Hospital. They were clinically stable and had the criteria for weaning from the ventilator. We measured RSBI, and then evaluated the value of RSBI for successful extubation. RSBI was calculated when patients were on spontaneous breathing mode with PSV=0 and PEEP=0 for one minute. RESULTS A total of 70 patients were included in this study; 63(90%) patients had RSBI ≤105 (breath/min/L), among them 49 (77%) patients had successful weaning and did not need re-intubation while the remaining had unsuccessful weaning (P=0.001). The mean weaning index for patients with successful extubation was 66 ± 57.2 and 76.9 ± 28.1 for patients with unsuccessful extubaion. We could not find a significant difference between the means (P=0.433). CONCLUSION Although RSBI <105 is a helpful index for weaning, application of RSBI alone may mislead the physicians. General status of the patient, concomitant diseases and duration of hospital stay should all be considered for successful weaning.
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