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do Nascimento TG, da Silva PF, Azevedo LF, da Rocha LG, de Moraes Porto ICC, Lima E Moura TFA, Basílio-Júnior ID, Grillo LAM, Dornelas CB, Fonseca EJDS, de Jesus Oliveira E, Zhang AT, Watson DG. Polymeric Nanoparticles of Brazilian Red Propolis Extract: Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant and Leishmanicidal Activity. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:301. [PMID: 27316742 PMCID: PMC4912519 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for natural products and biotechnology derived from bees and ultra-modernization of various analytical devices has facilitated the rational and planned development of biotechnology products with a focus on human health to treat chronic and neglected diseases. The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize polymeric nanoparticles loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of "multiple-constituent extract in co-delivery system" for antileishmanial therapies. The polymeric nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract were prepared with a combination of poly-ε-caprolactone and pluronic using nanoprecipitation method and characterized by different analytical techniques, antioxidant and leishmanicidal assay. The red propolis nanoparticles in aqueous medium presented particle size (200-280 nm) in nanometric scale and zeta analysis (-20 to -26 mV) revealed stability of the nanoparticles without aggregation phenomenon during 1 month. After freeze-drying method using cryoprotectant (sodium starch glycolate), it was possible to observe particles with smooth and spherical shape and apparent size of 200 to 400 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermal analysis revealed the encapsulation of the flavonoids from the red propolis extract into the polymeric matrix. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) identified the flavonoids liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin and biochanin A in ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and nanoparticles of red propolis extract (NRPE). The efficiency of encapsulation was determinate, and median values (75.0 %) were calculated using UPLC-DAD. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl method showed antioxidant activity to EEP and red propolis nanoparticles. Compared to negative control, EEP and NRPE exhibited leishmanicidal activity with an IC50 value of ≅38.0 μg/mL and 31.3 μg/mL, 47.2 μg/mL, 154.2μg/mL and 193.2 μg/mL for NRPE A1, NRPE A2, NRPE A3 and NRPE A4, respectively. Nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract in co-delivery system and EEP presented cytotoxic activity on Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Red propolis extract loaded in nanoparticles has shown to be potential candidates as intermediate products for preparation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms containing red propolis extract in the therapy against negligible diseases such as leishmaniasis. Graphical Abstract Some biochemical mechanisms of cellular debridement of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis species by the flavonoids of red propolis extract (EEP) or NRPE loaded with red propolis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Fonseca da Silva
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Lais Farias Azevedo
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Louisianny Guerra da Rocha
- Quality Control of Drugs Laboratory (LCQMed), Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Cordeiro de Farias S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Túlio Flávio Accioly Lima E Moura
- Quality Control of Drugs Laboratory (LCQMed), Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Cordeiro de Farias S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Irinaldo Diniz Basílio-Júnior
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Aparecido Meireles Grillo
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Camila Braga Dornelas
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge da Silva Fonseca
- Quality Control Laboratory of Drugs and Medicines, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical analysis, Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK
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