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Altaib M, Doganc F, Kaşkatepe B, Göker H. Synthesis of some new 2-(substituted-phenyl)imidazo[4,5-c] and [4,5-b]pyridine derivatives and their antimicrobial activities. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10715-6. [PMID: 37642887 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines analogues (1a - 1h) and 4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines (3a - 3c) was achieved by reacting 3,4-diaminopyridine or 2,3-diaminopyridine with Na2S2O5 adduct of corresponding benzaldehydes (a1 - a8). Alkylation of compounds (1a - 1h) and (3a - 3c) using 4-chlorobenzyl and /or butyl bromide under basic conditions (K2CO3, DMF) predominantly resulted in the formation of N5 regioisomers (2a - 2l) and N4,3 regioisomers (4a - 4c1,2), respectively. The N5,4,3-regioisomeric structures were confirmed using 2D-NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy) and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation) spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds (2a - 2g, 4a - 5d) were evaluated in vitro against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis. Among the synthesized compounds, promising activities were observed with compounds 2g, 2h, 4a and 4b with lowest MIC values (4-8 µg/mL). The compounds 2i, 2j, 2k, 2l showed moderate activity. Additionally, a computational approach (ADMETlab 2.0) was used to evaluate the drug likeness properties of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moftah Altaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Doganc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Kaşkatepe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Göker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Gorska A, Salgarella N, Calaminici R, Forte E, Beccaria M, Purcaro G. Impact of column temperature on triacylglycerol regioisomers separation in silver ion liquid chromatography using heptane-based mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464095. [PMID: 37247494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of the use of heptane as an alternative and less toxic mobile phase to the most used hexane for triacylglycerols (TAGs) analysis in silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC). The impact of column temperature (in the 5 °C-35 °C range) on the retention and resolution of five pairs of regioisomers relevant for the confectionery industry was investigated using a heptane-based mobile phase modified with acetonitrile (ACN). The retention behaviour was compared for a standard TAG mixture and an interesterified cocoa butter. The temperature effect previously observed with hexane-based mobile phases was confirmed for this new system, and it was also observed that the ACN concentration had an important impact on the strength of the temperature effect, with a higher ACN concentration leading to a lesser impact of temperature on the TAGs' elution behaviour. In general, the study allowed to conclude on the equivalence of hexane and heptane for TAGs regioisomers separation in Ag+-HPLC, independently of the used temperature or the ACN concentration. In addition, the applicability of heptane-based mobile phases for the separation of TAGs regioisomers was demonstrated on three other confectionary fat samples, namely palm olein, interesterified palm olein, and interesterified shea olein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gorska
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Nicolò Salgarella
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10124, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Forte
- Soremartec Italia srl (Ferrero Group), Alba CN 12051, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricutural Sciences (DOCPAS), Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium.
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Hirose M, Tsukatani Y, Harada J, Tamiaki H. Characterization of regioisomeric diterpenoid tails in bacteriochlorophylls produced by geranylgeranyl reductase from Halorhodospira halochloris and Blastochloris viridis. Photosynth Res 2022; 154:1-12. [PMID: 35852706 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) encoded by the bchP gene catalyzes the reductions of three unsaturated C = C double bonds (C6 = C7, C10 = C11, and C14 = C15) in a geranylgeranyl (GG) group of the esterifying moiety in 17-propionate residue of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. It was recently reported that GGR in Halorhodospira halochloris potentially catalyzes two hydrogenations, yielding BChl with a tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl (THGG) tail. Furthermore, its engineered GGR, in which N-terminal insertion peptides characteristic for H. halochloris were deleted, performed single hydrogenation, producing BChl with a dihydrogeranylgeranyl (DHGG) tail. In some of these enzymatic reactions, it remained unclear in which order the C = C double bond in a GG group was first reduced. In this study, we demonstrated that the (variant) GGR from H. halochloris catalyzed an initial reduction of the C6 = C7 double bond to yield a 6,7-DHGG tail. The intact GGR of H. halochloris catalyzed the further hydrogenation of the C14 = C15 double bonds to give a 6,7,14,15-THGG group, whereas deleting the characteristic peptide region from the GGR suppressed the C14 = C15 reduction. We also verified that in a model bacterium, Blastochloris viridis producing standard BChl-b, the reduction of a GG to phytyl group occurred via 10,11-DHGG and 6,7,10,11-THGG. The high-performance liquid chromatographic elution profiles of BChls-a/b employed in this study are essential for identifying the regioisomeric diterpenoid tails in the BChls of phototrophic bacteria distributed in nature and elucidating GGR enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hirose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research (X-Star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Jiro Harada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Wang Z, Li L, Xin L, Wu S, Liu Y, Liao S, Ma P, Sun J, Huang L. Special Application of ms/ms Method on Determination of Regiochemistry of Sugammadex Series Compounds: Synthesis, Isolation and Structural Characterization for Two Potential Oxidative Impurities in Sugammadex Sodium Finished Pharmaceutical Product. J Pharm Sci 2021:S0022-3549(21)00460-3. [PMID: 34469750 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two oxidative degradation impurities of sugammadex sodium have been successfully synthesized under stress conditions and isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography, which would be extremely difficult to prepare stochiometrically by conventional methods due to their structural complexity. Characteristic fragmentation pattern observed by mass spectrometry for sugammadex series compounds helped distinguish the two regioisomeric di-sulfoxide impurities. Confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, Impurity I was identified as ortho-disulfoxide sugammadex and Impurity II as meta-disulfoxide sugammadex. It is the first time detailed structures of these two impurities are reported. Additionally, HPLC analysis also indicated the observance of these two impurities in long-term stored sugammadex sodium finished pharmaceutical product but absence in three pilot batches of sugammadex sodium drug substance which met ICH requirements. The compounded analysis technique has proven to be successful and reliable, and we hope that it could be well applied to structure identification for other sugammadex impurities and will be beneficial for other researchers focusing on this field.
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Fabritius M, Linderborg KM, Tarvainen M, Kalpio M, Zhang Y, Yang B. Direct inlet negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerol regioisomers in human milk and infant formulas. Food Chem 2020; 328:126991. [PMID: 32512466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A previously developed direct inlet tandem mass spectrometric method for analysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) regioisomers was updated and validated for operation with current instrumentation with improved sensitivity and throughput. TAG regioisomers in pooled Chinese and Finnish human milk samples, two bovine milk samples and 11 infant formulas were identified and quantified. A total of 241 TAG regioisomers were identified and quantified, consisting of over 60 mol% of all TAGs in the human milk samples. The infant formulas deviated largely from human milk in regioisomeric composition of TAGs. In the Finnish and Chinese human milks, the most abundant ones were 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO; 7.4 and 8.8 mol% of all TAGs) and 1(3)-linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3(1)-oleoylglycerol (LPO; 4.7 and 8.3 mol% of all TAGs). In the infant formulas 1,2(2,3)-dioleoyl-3(1)-palmitoylglycerol (OOP) and 1(3)-linoleoyl-2-oleoyl-3(1)-palmitoylglycerol/1(3)-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3(1)-oleoylglycerol (LOP/PLO) were more abundant than OPO and LPO. The differences between human milk and infant formula prompt for further development of current formulas.
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De SS, Khambete MP, Degani MS. Oxadiazole scaffolds in anti-tuberculosis drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1999-2007. [PMID: 31296357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of cases of latent and drug resistant tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to develop new, potent molecules capable of combating this deadly disease. Molecules containing oxadiazoles are one such class that could be considered to fulfil this need. Oxadiazole regioisomers have been explored in drug discovery programs for their ability to act as effective linkers and also as pharmacophoric features. Oxadiazoles can act as bioisosteric replacements for the hydrazide moiety which can be found in first line anti-TB drugs, and some have been also reported to interact with newer anti-TB targets. In this context, the present review describes the potential of oxadiazoles as antituberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna S De
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mihir P Khambete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India; SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No. 1, Mithibai College Campus, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Mariam S Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Luo CE, Ding Z, Wu XW, Liu Z. Synthesis, structures and photophysical properties of two regioisomeric phenalenocarbazoles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 194:111-116. [PMID: 29328952 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two regioisomeric phenalenocarbazoles have been synthesized by direct reductive cyclization of 2'-Nitrophenyl-pyrene isomers respectively. Their photophysical properties and crystal structures as well as CV properties were investigated and compared with those of sulfur containing analogues. Although the fluorescence emission properties of 1N are very similar with those of 2N, the HOMO energy level of 1N is 0.16eV higher than that of 2N indicating that 1N has better electron donating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Xie F, Li BX, Xiao X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of regioisomers of 666-15 as inhibitors of CREB-mediated gene transcription. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:994-998. [PMID: 28073675 PMCID: PMC5296214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of various types of human cancers. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of CREB-mediated gene transcription has been pursued as a novel strategy for developing cancer therapeutics. We recently discovered a potent and cell-permeable CREB inhibitor called 666-15. 666-15 is a bisnaphthamide and has been shown to possess efficacious anti-breast cancer activity without toxicity in vivo. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of analogs of 666-15 to probe the importance of regiochemistry in naphthalene ring B. Biological evaluations of these analogs demonstrated that the substitution pattern of the alkoxy and carboxamide in naphthalene ring B is very critical for maintaining potent CREB inhibition activity, suggesting that the unique bioactive conformation accessible in 666-15 is critically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Xie
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bingbing X Li
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Shaikh SKJ, Kamble RR, Somagond SM, Devarajegowda HC, Dixit SR, Joshi SD. Tetrazolylmethyl quinolines: Design, docking studies, synthesis, anticancer and antifungal analyses. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:258-73. [PMID: 28192709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2,5 and 1,5-regioisomers of the tetrazolyl group viz., 3-[(5-benzyl/benzylthio-2H-tetrazol-2-yl) methyl]-2-chloro-6-substituted quinoline 6h-q and 3-[(5-benzyl/benzylthio-1H-tetrazol-1-yl) methyl]-2-chloro-6-substituted quinolines 7h-q were synthesized. Docking studies of all these compounds with DNA as target using PDB: 1AU5 and 453D revealed that the compounds 6h and 6i act as covalent cross linker on the DNA helix of the former and intercalate the latter both with higher C score values. Another set of docking studies in the active pocket of dihydrofolate reductase and N-myristoyl transferase as targets to assess antifungal activity revealed that compounds 6k, 6l, 6p and 7q (with bromo and fluro substituents) showcases different binding modes and hydrogen bonding. Further, the compounds were screened for anticancer activity (primary cytotoxicity) against NCI-60 Human tumor cell line at a single high dose (10-5 M) concentration assay. Among the tested compounds, 6h has shown 99.28% of GI against Melanoma (SK-MEL-5) and compound 6i has shown 97.56% of GI against Breast Cancer (T-47D). Further, in vitro antifungal assay against A. fumigatus and C. albicans for these compounds 6h-q and 7h-q revealed potential to moderate activities as compared to the standard.
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Ritchie TJ, Macdonald SJF. Heterocyclic replacements for benzene: Maximising ADME benefits by considering individual ring isomers. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1057-1068. [PMID: 27783976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of replacing a mono-substituted benzene (phenyl) ring with thirty three aromatic and nine aliphatic heterocycles on nine ADME-related screens (solubility, lipophilicity, permeability, protein binding CYP450 inhibition and metabolic clearance) was assessed using matched molecular pair analysis. The results indicate that the influence on the ADME profile can differ significantly depending on the ring identity and importantly on the individual regioisomers that are possible for some rings. This information enables the medicinal chemist to make an informed choice about which rings and regioisomers to employ as mono-substituted benzene replacements, based upon the knowledge of how such replacements are likely to influence ADME-related parameters, for example to target higher solubility whilst avoiding CYP450 liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon J F Macdonald
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
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Linderborg KM, Kalpio M, Mäkelä J, Niinikoski H, Kallio HP, Lagström H. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of human milk triacylglycerols from normal weight and overweight mothers on different diets. Food Chem 2013; 146:583-90. [PMID: 24176384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The composition and structures of TAGs in the human milk from mothers with different food choices and prepregnancy body mass index were determined with two tandem mass spectrometric methods (negative APCI-MS/MS and positive UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS) at the infant's age of three months. The normal weight mothers with recommended food choices had more 18:3n-3 and less 18:0 in their milk than normal weight mothers with non-recommended food choices. A significant difference between the normal weight mothers on the non-recommended food choices and the other groups was seen in acyl carbon number: number of double bond (ACN:DB)-groups 54:6, 54:5, 54:3 and 54:2. In ACN:DB 52:7 and 52:6 the two recommended food choices-groups differed significantly from the two non-recommended food choices-groups. The regioisomerism of TAGs varied little despite differences in mother's weight and diet with sn-18:1-16:0-18:1 as the most prevalent regioisomer in the milk (13.8±2.7%). The results of this study highlight the importance of structure specific human milk substitutes and the careful selection of the MS/MS methods for analysis of mixtures of several isobaric TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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