To stay or re-migrate after the pandemic shock? Labor re-migration intention to the coastal areas of Thừa Thiên Huế province in Vietnam

This study applied the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to explore factors that shape the behavioral intention of migrant laborers returning to the coastal region of Thừa Thiên Huế province during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic to remigrate. Data collection included 210 interviews with returned migrants aged 18 and above in 4 coastal communes of Thừa Thiên Huế province, in-depth interviews (8 key informants) and a group discussion (5 persons). Exploratory factor analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were applied to analyze the data. Results showed that in addition to individual socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. level of education, age, income level and sex), attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perceived risk were also determinant factors of migrants' intention to remigrate. This research suggested that in order to build resilience of rural migration workers, related departments should seriously consider the following recommendations: (i) raise awareness and encourage young rural people to complete their education and necessary skills; (ii) organize related psychological training programs for rural laborers; (iii) raise awareness about the necessity to participate in social insurance; (iv) promote rural job creation programs suitable for low education and low-skilled rural laborers; (v) raise awareness for local people, particularly school children, about the value and opportunities of being smart farmers in the context of 4.0 technology and social risks at the destination for low education and low-skilled laborers; (vi) digitalize migration labor management and provide digital information services regarding job opportunities for rural laborers.

Persecutee in the Third Reich, full professor in the GDR: The communist physician Carl Coutelle (1908-1993) and his post-war career as pathologist

As an avowed communist, Carl Coutelle was one of the few (future) pathologists persecuted for purely political reasons in the Third Reich. Despite this peculiarity, his life has received little attention. The present article takes the existing research desideratum as an opportunity to elaborate on Coutelle's fate during the Nazi era, but also on his academic rise to the position of full professor at the University of Halle (GDR). The analysis is based on extensive files from various German archives. The article pursues a twofold question: On the one hand, it seems necessary to clarify how Coutelle's life between 1933 and 1945 can be characterized and classified, and on the other hand, it is of interest whether he owed his career in the GDR primarily to scientific merit or to state support. It can be shown that Coutelle's career path reflects the prevailing political power relations: With the beginning of the Third Reich, Coutelle was completely disenfranchised because of his political views; he was forced to emigrate, interrupted his nascent scientific career, and became actively involved in the international anti-fascist resistance. After the war, Coutelle became one of the protagonists of the socialist transformation and denazification of the health care system in the Soviet Occupation Zone. Now his career took the opposite course: Although his research performance was below average compared to other pathologists from the GDR, the avowed communist was appointed full professor - due to state intervention and against the declared will of the faculty in Halle.

From emigration to remigration: The Jewish pathologist Fritz Meyer (1875-1953) and his extraordinary life course

Fritz Meyer (1875-1953) is undoubtedly one of the most enigmatic pathologists and internists of his time: He emerged early as a major researcher in the field of infectious diseases. Later, he also focused on heart and lung diseases and became a celebrity doctor who treated ambassadors and prominent contemporaries of the United States. The course of his life was as unusual as his professional activities: At the beginning of the Third Reich, Meyer experienced far-reaching repression due to his Jewish ancestry, which led to forced emigration to the USA. Although he achieved professional success in his new homeland, he returned to Germany in 1948 - as one of very few Jewish emigrants from the Third Reich. This article takes these peculiarities as an opportunity to take a closer look at Fritz Meyer: It recapitulates the biography and scientific merits of the Jewish pathologist and pays special attention to the background of his emigration to the USA and his later remigration to Germany. The central basis of the study are contemporary newspaper articles and various archival sources evaluated for the first time. These sources are compared with the sparse secondary literature on Meyer and other persecuted pathologists. The results of the study can be summarized in five points: (1) Meyer's research on infectious diseases - especially diphtheria, tuberculosis and serum therapy - was considered leading-edge at the time. (2) Meyer suffered widespread repression after 1933, which led him to emigrate to the United States in 1935. (3) Thanks to influential contacts, he was able to continue his professional career in the U.S. almost seamlessly. (4) In the postwar period, he decided to return to Germany, mainly out of attachment to Europe. (5) His reintegration in Germany seemed to be successful - however, he died only a few years after his remigration. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Meyer's social reintegration in postwar Germany was significantly facilitated by his professional reputation and his largely apolitical demeanor in public; nevertheless, it can be shown that he secretly lamented the lack of consciousness of guilt of the German postwar population. Several indications cast doubt on his intention to remain permanently in Germany. This includes the fact that he held on to his U.S. citizenship until the end of his life and that his wife remained in the United States.