Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Cancers with Peritoneal Metastasis: A 30-year Institutional Experience

BACKGROUND

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) improves survival in abdominal cancer patients with metastatic disease limited to the peritoneal cavity. Patients are increasingly being offered repeat CRS-HIPECs for peritoneal recurrence. However, in this rare clinical scenario, the survival benefit of performing repeat CRS-HIPEC operations remains unclear.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the CRS-HIPEC database at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center was performed over a 30-year timespan. From 1547 patients with appendix cancers, colorectal cancers, mesotheliomas, and other miscellaneous cancers, 156 received more than one CRS-HIPEC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using overall survival (OS) from the time of surgery as the primary endpoint. Multi-variable Cox proportional hazards regression modelling was performed on pertinent clinical variables.

RESULTS

Patients who received multiple CRS-HIPECs had significantly better median OS (10.7 years) versus those who received one CRS-HIPEC (2.5 years), with appendix cancers faring best (12.9 years). Resection status R2a or better was achieved in 76.4% of repeat CRS-HIPECs. There were no significant changes in complication rates after repeat CRS-HIPEC. On multivariate analysis of repeat CRS-HIPEC, patients with appendix and colorectal cancers, heart disease, and poor functional status were independently associated with poor OS. Factors not independently associated with OS were age, sex, body mass index, race, diabetes, lung disease, smoking history, and systemic chemotherapy between CRS-HIPECs.

CONCLUSIONS

Performing multiple CRS-HIPEC operations on appropriate surgical candidates may significantly prolong survival. Appendix cancers derived the greatest benefit. Satisfactory resection margins and complication rates are comparable to first cases and achievable in repeat CRS-HIPEC procedures.

A case of pancreaticoduodenectomy and partial hepatic resection as repeat cytoreductive surgery for recurrent pseudomyxoma peritonei

Background

For recurrent pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), repeat cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can provide survival benefits if patients are carefully selected. We describe a case of pancreaticoduodenectomy and partial liver resection (HPD) as the repeat CRS for a recurrent tumor that infiltrated the pancreatic head around the hepatic hilum. This is the first report of HPD for recurrent PMP.

Case presentation

The patient was a 58-year-old male without comorbidities. In 2001, he was diagnosed with PMP at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In 2004, CRS, including total peritoneal resection, pyloric gastrectomy, splenectomy, and right hemicolectomy with HIPEC was performed (peritoneal cancer index (PCI) = 28). In 2008, the first repeat CRS with HIPEC was performed (PCI = 14). In 2016, fourth repeat CRS, including partial hepatectomy with HIPEC for recurrence of the round ligament of the liver, was performed. In 2017, a tumor of 5 cm in size was observed from the hepatic hilum to the pancreatic head, which infiltrated the main pancreatic duct. Other tumors 2 cm in size were observed (PCI = 7). We performed the fifth repeat CRS, including HPD. The adhesions of the small intestine from around the liver to the lower abdomen were detached for the reconstruction of pancreatojejunostomy and cholangiojejunostomy. The uncinate approach was applied for the pancreatic head resection because it was difficult to identify the cranial part of the pancreas due to adhesions in the hepatoduodenal ligament and the omental bursa. We approached to the origin of the extrahepatic Glissonean pedicle by resecting a part of the liver around the hepatic hilum using transhepatic hilar approach. A complete cytoreduction was achieved. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was a recurrence of PMP, which is equivalent to peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. He was discharged on the 22nd postoperative day without major postoperative complications. The patient survived without recurrence four years after HPD.

Conclusions

Even for recurrence around the hepatic hilum and the pancreatic head, repeat CRS can be safely performed by applying the techniques of hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery.

Repeat cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis of appendiceal origin

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of repeat cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) in the management of recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis of appendiceal origin.

METHODS

Data were retrieved on 42 patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC; 29 repeat surgical procedures were performed in 13 patients.

RESULTS

Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 12 of 13 patients by the second CRS. Repeat recurrence was detected in 11 patients, eight of whom underwent a third CRS. The peritoneal cancer index decreased from initial CRS to repeat CRS but was still higher than 18 in nine patients at the second CRS. Preoperative chemotherapy was given to three patients with early recurrence. Grade 3-5 morbidity and 90-day mortality were not significantly different between initial and repeat CRS. Five-year survival rates after first and second CRS were 75.5 and 67.7%, respectively. Complete cytoreduction at second CRS was a significant prognostic factor. Among patients with recurrence after the second CRS, patients who underwent a third CRS showed a better prognosis than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONS

Repeat CRS is oncologically beneficial, and the morbidity rate was as high as that of initial CRS. Complete cytoreduction was the key to successful long-term results. Although further recurrence was common, aggressive resection was useful, even in cases of diffuse recurrence.