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Chiang N, Dein M, Nguyen TH, Trudelle DM, Ho CT, Munafo JP. Characterization of Odorants in a Commercial Culinary Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) and Several Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8081-8091. [PMID: 38535975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Culinary sage, Salvia officinalis L., is a popular spice plant commonly used throughout the world. In this study, 35 odorants were identified in dried sage via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), including 9 that were identified in sage for the first time. Fifteen odorants were quantitated by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), and their odor activity values (OAVs) were determined. Odorants with high OAVs included (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, 1,8-cineole, and β-myrcene. A formulated aroma simulation model closely matched the aroma profile of an aqueous infusion of dried sage. Enantiomeric proportions of selected odorants were determined by chiral gas chromatography. Furthermore, 6 different sage cultivars were grown in the greenhouse, dried under the same conditions, and analyzed. Sensory analysis determined that all cultivars were dominated by an herbaceous sensory attribute and had varying intensities of eucalyptus, mint, clove, pine, green, earthy, floral, and citrus notes. Cultivars with varying intensities of herbaceous, eucalyptus, pine, and green sensory notes correlated with the OAVs of α-thujone/β-thujone, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, respectively. This study identified the odorants driving the sensory profiles of different sage cultivars and serves as a foundation for future studies on the aroma chemistry of culinary sage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Chiang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, New Jersey08901, United States
| | - Melissa Dein
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Thien H Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Danielle M Trudelle
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, New Jersey08901, United States
| | - John P Munafo
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Kuruc T, Samec M, Kajo K, Kotorova K, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Svajdlenka E, Dvorska D, Brany D, Baranovicova E, Sadlonova V, Mojzis J, Kello M. Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1216199. [PMID: 38464730 PMCID: PMC10921418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Based on extensive data from oncology research, the use of phytochemicals or plant-based nutraceuticals is considered an innovative tool for cancer management. This research aimed to analyze the oncostatic properties of Salvia officinalis L. [Lamiaceae; Salviae officinalis herba] using animal and in vitro models of breast carcinoma (BC). Methods: The effects of dietary administered S. officinalis in two concentrations (0.1%/SAL 0.1/and 1%/SAL 1/) were assessed in both syngeneic 4T1 mouse and chemically induced rat models of BC. The histopathological and molecular evaluations of rodent carcinoma specimens were performed after the autopsy. Besides, numerous in vitro analyses using two human cancer cell lines were performed. Results and Conclusion: The dominant metabolites found in S. officinalis propylene glycol extract (SPGE) were representatives of phenolics, specifically rosmarinic, protocatechuic, and salicylic acids. Furthermore, the occurrence of triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid was proved in SPGE. In a mouse model, a non-significant tumor volume decrease after S. officinalis treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the mitotic activity index of 4T1 tumors by 37.5% (SAL 0.1) and 31.5% (SAL 1) vs. controls (set as a blank group with not applied salvia in the diet). In addition, salvia at higher doses significantly decreased necrosis/whole tumor area ratio by 46% when compared to control tumor samples. In a rat chemoprevention study, S. officinalis at a higher dose significantly lengthened the latency of tumors by 8.5 days and significantly improved the high/low-grade carcinomas ratio vs. controls in both doses. Analyses of the mechanisms of anticancer activities of S. officinalis included well-validated prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic biomarkers that are applied in both oncology practice and preclinical investigation. Our assessment in vivo revealed numerous significant changes after a comparison of treated vs. untreated cancer cells. In this regard, we found an overexpression in caspase-3, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a decrease in MDA, ALDH1, and EpCam expression. In addition, salvia reduced TGF-β serum levels in rats (decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels were with borderline significance). Evaluation of epigenetic modifications in rat cancer specimens in vivo revealed a decline in the lysine methylations of H3K4m3 and an increase in lysine acetylation in H4K16ac levels in treated groups. Salvia decreased the relative levels of oncogenic miR21 and tumor-suppressive miR145 (miR210, miR22, miR34a, and miR155 were not significantly altered). The methylation of ATM and PTEN promoters was decreased after S. officinalis treatment (PITX2, RASSF1, and TIMP3 promoters were not altered). Analyzing plasma metabolomics profile in tumor-bearing rats, we found reduced levels of ketoacids derived from BCAAs after salvia treatment. In vitro analyses revealed significant anti-cancer effects of SPGE extract in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cytotoxicity, caspase-3/-7, Bcl-2, Annexin V/PI, cell cycle, BrdU, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Our study demonstrates the significant chemopreventive and treatment effects of salvia haulm using animal or in vitro BC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kotorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emil Svajdlenka
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Brany
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimira Sadlonova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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Jažo Z, Glumac M, Paštar V, Bektić S, Radan M, Carev I. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Salvia officinalis L. Essential Oil. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091794. [PMID: 37176852 PMCID: PMC10181471 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils isolated from Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) collected along the Adriatic coast of Croatia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the stem and leaf surfaces. Essential oil excretory glands were detected on both the leaves and stem surfaces. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sage essential oils were mixtures of terpene compounds, among which the most common were: α- and β-thujone, camphor, and 1,8-cineol. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTS assay on multiple cell lines: normal and immortalized fibroblasts (HF77FA and HDF-Tert), immortalized lung line (BEAS-2B), and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). The growth of treated cells was determined relative to control conditions without treatment. The immortalized lung line was the least resistant to the activity of the essential oils, whereas immortalized fibroblasts were the most resistant. Statistical analysis has connected the cytotoxic effect and chemical composition of the studied essential oils. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first testing of the cytotoxic activity of S. officinalis EO's on the BEAS-2B, HF77FA, and HDF-Tert cell lines. The presented data on essential oil chemical composition and cytotoxic effect on 4 types of human cells supports pharmacotherapeutic potential this plant is known to have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Jažo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Regional Laboratory Split, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poljička Cesta 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mateo Glumac
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Paštar
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sanida Bektić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Carev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, 355, Rue Pierre-Simon Laplace, 13290 Aix, France
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Schmiderer C, Steinborn R, Novak J. Monoterpene synthases of three closely related sage species (Salvia officinalis, S. fruticosa and S. pomifera, Lamiaceae). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:318-327. [PMID: 36738511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of plant monoterpenes is largely based on the catalytic activity of monoterpene synthases. Additionally, copy number variation of monoterpene synthase genes may contribute to the quantity of transcripts and hence to the essential oil profile. This study used whole-genome sequencing and digital PCR for the measurement of copy number variation and quantification of gene expression in three closely related Salvia species, namely Salvia officinalis, Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa. Twelve, 13 and 15 monoterpene synthase-encoding open-reading frames were predicted for Salvia officinalis, Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa, respectively. In Salvia officinalis, one of the open reading frames was disrupted indicating a pseudogene. Monoterpene synthase genes were generally single copy per haploid genome, only a few were double or triple copy genes. Expression levels of monoterpene synthases in leaves corresponded generally well with essential oil composition. In some cases, a higher expression level of a certain monoterpene synthase could be explained by its duplication or triplication. The very high content of thujones in Salvia pomifera, for example, was accompanied by gene duplication and increased gene expression of (+)-sabinene synthase responsible for the thujone precursor sabinene. In Salvia officinalis, three individuals different in their essential oil profile showed significant differences in their monoterpene synthase expression levels corresponding roughly to the profile of the essential oils. Transcript expression of monoterpene synthase genes were measured in leaf, calyx and corolla. The corolla differed significantly from leaves, while calyces usually showed a profile intermediary between leaf and corolla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schmiderer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Novak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Maleš I, Dragović-Uzelac V, Jerković I, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Repajić M, Garofulić IE, Dobrinčić A. Non-Volatile and Volatile Bioactives of Salvia officinalis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Laurus nobilis L. Extracts with Potential Use in the Development of Functional Beverages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061140. [PMID: 35740037 PMCID: PMC9220411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional beverages based on herbal extracts are highly demanded products due to the presence of bioactives with promising health benefits and interesting and characteristic sensory properties. Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic herbs contain a wide range of bioactives (non-volatile polyphenols, volatile terpenes) that are important constituents of herbal extracts and essential oils. The antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits of these bioactives could be associated with their synergistic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the non-volatile and volatile bioactives of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) aqueous extracts and their two- and three-component mixtures as well as their antioxidant capacity. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols was determined spectrophotometrically. Individual polyphenols were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, the volatiles were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by ORAC and DPPH assays. The results showed that aqueous extracts of all examined herbs and their mixtures contained a high content of phenolic compounds ranging from 0.97 to 2.79 g L-1 of the sample, among which the most common were flavonols. At the same time, mono- and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity, especially L. nobilis (781.62 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL-1 of the sample in the DPPH assay; 1896.10 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL-1 of the sample in the ORAC assay) and the two-component mixture of L. nobilis and T. serpyllum (679.12 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL-1 in the DPPH assay; 1913.38 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL-1 in the ORAC assay). Mixtures of herbal extracts have been shown to possess additive or synergistic effects, consequently contributing to higher antioxidant capacity. Therefore, two-component mixtures of herbal extracts showed promising potential for the production of functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Maleš
- Department of Pharmacy, The School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.-U.); (A.D.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Maja Repajić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Ana Dobrinčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.Z.); (S.P.); (M.R.); (I.E.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.-U.); (A.D.)
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Lin KH, Lin TY, Wu CW, Chang YS. Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants ( Salvia officinalis L. and Salviaelegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102110. [PMID: 34685919 PMCID: PMC8540575 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30 °C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Tse-Yen Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei 23630, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
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Temerdashev Z, Milevskaya V, Vinitskaya E. The method of establishing the authenticity and quality of Hypericum perforatum L. and Salvia officinalis L. MethodsX 2021; 8:101487. [PMID: 34434885 PMCID: PMC8374720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents methods for the criteria for quality control, authenticity and stability of preparations and raw materials based on Hypericum perforatum L. and Salvia officinalis L. Various methods of extracting the most valuable components that make up the studied plants, as well as methods for their chromatographic determination, were proposed, metrological characteristics were obtained.The criteria for quality control and stability of drugs and raw materials were substantiated The ratio of rutin to hyperforin determines the quality of Hypericum perforatum L. The ratio of carnosic acid to carnosol characterizes Salvia officinalis L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaual Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Milevskaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Vinitskaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
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Galamatis D, Papadopoulos GA, Lazari D, Fletouris D, Petridou E, Arsenos GI, Fortomaris P. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. in Organic Laying Hens on Egg Quality, Yolk Oxidative Stability and Eggshell Microbiological Counts. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2502. [PMID: 34573468 PMCID: PMC8467905 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants of Labiatae family are used in poultry diets because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The notion is that hens raised in organic systems face several health and environmental challenges. Hence, the objective here was to assess hens' performances and the quality of their eggs in such systems following a dietary supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. in powder form. The experiments were conducted over two successive years (1 and 2). They lasted 16 weeks each and involved 198 laying hens aged 40 weeks old randomly assigned to three groups: Con (control diet), Sal-0.5%, and Sal-1.0% (diets supplemented with Salvia officinalis L. at 0.5% or 1.0%, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in egg yolks in year 2 were lower in both Sal-0.5% and Sal-1.0% compared to the Con (p < 0.05). The total number of Enterobacteriaceae in eggshells were lower in Sal-1.0% compared to the Con (p < 0.05) in both years. The results suggest that a dietary supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. at 1.0% improves the antioxidant status and reduces the microbial load of eggs produced in organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Galamatis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO DIMITRA), General Management Assurance of Agricultural Products Quality, Kifissias 33 Str., 54248 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Fletouris
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios I. Arsenos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
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Uță G, Manolescu DȘ, Avram S. Therapeutic Properties of Several Chemical Compounds of Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer's Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1421-1430. [PMID: 33390133 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521999201230200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the pharmacological management of Alzheimer's disease is based on several chemical structures, represented by acetylcholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands, with still unclear molecular mechanisms and severe side effects. For this reason, a challenge for Alzheimer's disease treatment remains to identify new drugs with reduced side effects. Recently, the natural compounds, particularly, certain chemical compounds identified in the essential oil of peppermint, sage, grapes, sea buckthorn, have increased interest as possible therapeutics. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we have summarized data from the recent literature on several chemical compounds extracted from Salvia officinalis L., with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS In addition to the wide range of experimental methods performed in vivo and in vitro, we also presented some in silico studies of medicinal compounds. RESULTS Through this mini-review, we presented the latest information regarding the therapeutic characteristics of natural compounds isolated from Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION Thus, based on the information presented, we can say that phytotherapy is a reliable therapeutic method in a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Uță
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ștefania Manolescu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranța Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Llurba Montesino N, Kaiser M, Mäser P, Schmidt TJ. Salvia officinalis L.: Antitrypanosomal Activity and Active Constituents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113226. [PMID: 34072147 PMCID: PMC8199030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our studies on antiprotozoal activity of approved herbal medicinal products, we previously found that a commercial tincture from Salvia officinalis L. (common Sage, Lamiaceae) possesses high activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), causative agent of East African Human Trypanosomiasis. We have now investigated in detail the antitrypanosomal constituents of this preparation. A variety of fractions were tested for antitrypanosomal activity and analyzed by UHPLC/+ESI QqTOF MS. The resulting data were used to generate a partial least squares (PLS) regression model that highlighted eight particular constituents that were likely to account for the major part of the bioactivity. These compounds were then purified and identified and their activity against the pathogen tested. All identified compounds (one flavonoid and eight diterpenes) displayed significant activity against Tbr, in some cases higher than that of the total tincture. From the overall results, it can be concluded that the antitrypanosomal activity of S. officinalis L. is, for the major part, caused by abietane-type diterpenes of the rosmanol/rosmaquinone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Llurba Montesino
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-33378
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Laskoś K, Pisulewska E, Waligórski P, Janowiak F, Janeczko A, Sadura I, Polaszczyk S, Czyczyło-Mysza IM. Herbal Additives Substantially Modify Antioxidant Properties and Tocopherol Content of Cold-Pressed Oils. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:781. [PMID: 34069017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine combinations of base oils and herbal additives with a view to obtaining macerates with improved health benefits. Base oils were cold-pressed from the seeds of black cumin, borage, evening primrose, safflower, walnut, common hazel, and oilseed rape, as well as the flesh of sea-buckthorn fruits. They were then supplemented with herbs, including basil, thyme, and sage, in order to create macerates. Total antioxidant activity and tocopherol level were analyzed in oils, macerates, and oil cakes. Additionally, chemical properties of oil cakes—such as the level of fibre, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lutein—were also examined. Supplementation with herbs caused diversified effects on antioxidant activity and tocopherol level in macerates depending on the base oil, herb, and supplementation method. The obtained results indicate that tocopherol level does not play a decisive role in determining the antioxidant properties of oils, macerates, and oil cakes, suggesting significant involvement of other antioxidants. Among the tested macerates, the most promising one seems to be oilseed rape oil enriched with sage or basil to maximize its health benefits. The study can serve as a starting point for the development and implementation of functional macerates and oil cakes in healthy nutrition.
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Tundis R, Leporini M, Bonesi M, Rovito S, Passalacqua NG. Salvia officinalis L. from Italy: A Comparative Chemical and Biological Study of Its Essential Oil in the Mediterranean Context. Molecules 2020; 25:E5826. [PMID: 33321838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is one of the most appreciated plants for its plethora of biologically active compounds. The objective of our research was a comparative study, in the Mediterranean context, of chemical composition, anticholinesterases, and antioxidant properties of essential oils (EOs) from sage collected in three areas (S1–S3) of Southern Italy. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory properties were investigated by employing Ellman’s method. Four in vitro assays, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric-reducing ability power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests, were used to study the antioxidant effects. Camphor (16.16–18.92%), 1,8-cineole (8.80–9.86%), β-pinene (3.08–9.14%), camphene (6.27–8.08%), and α-thujone (1.17–9.26%) are identified as the most abundant constituents. However, the content of these constituents varied depending on environmental factors and pedoclimatic conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Based on Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI), S2 essential oil exhibited the highest radical potential with an IC50 value of 20.64 μg/mL in ABTS test and presented the highest protection of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 38.06 and 46.32 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. The most promising inhibitory activity against BChE was found for S3 sample (IC50 of 33.13 μg/mL).
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Miljanović A, Bielen A, Grbin D, Marijanović Z, Andlar M, Rezić T, Roca S, Jerković I, Vikić-Topić D, Dent M. Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204818. [PMID: 33092122 PMCID: PMC7587977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40–64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Miljanović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Ana Bielen
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.D.); Tel.: +385-98-179-3307 (A.B.); +385-91-444-0555 (M.D.)
| | - Dorotea Grbin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (Z.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Martina Andlar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Tonči Rezić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Sunčica Roca
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.R.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (Z.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Dražen Vikić-Topić
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.R.); (D.V.-T.)
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52 100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Maja Dent
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.D.); Tel.: +385-98-179-3307 (A.B.); +385-91-444-0555 (M.D.)
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Drienovská I, Kolanović D, Chánique A, Sieber V, Hofer M, Kourist R. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a two highly stereoselective borneol dehydrogenases from Salvia officinalis L. Phytochemistry 2020; 172:112227. [PMID: 31927319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes for selective terpene functionalization are of particular importance for industrial applications. Pure enantiomers of borneol and isoborneol are fragrant constituents of several essential oils and find frequent application in cosmetics and therapy. Racemic borneol can be easily obtained from racemic camphor, which in turn is readily available from industrial side-streams. Enantioselective biocatalysts for the selective conversion of borneol and isoborneol stereoisomers would be therefore highly desirable for their catalytic separation under mild reaction conditions. Although several borneol dehydrogenases from plants and bacteria have been reported, none show sufficient stereoselectivity. Despite Croteau et al. describing sage leaves to specifically oxidize one borneol enantiomer in the late 70s, no specific enzymes have been characterized. We expected that one or several alcohol dehydrogenases encoded in the recently elucidated genome of Salvia officinalis L. would, therefore, be stereoselective. This study thus reports the recombinant expression in E. coli and characterization of two enantiospecific enzymes from the Salvia officinalis L. genome, SoBDH1 and SoBDH2, and their comparison to other known ADHs. Both enzymes produce preferentially (+)-camphor from racemic borneol, but (-)-camphor from racemic isoborneol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Drienovská
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajana Kolanović
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Chánique
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria; Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Volker Sieber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany; Technische Universität München TUM, Campus Straubing für Biotechnologie und NachhaltigkeitSchulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Michael Hofer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Ghowsi M, Yousofvand N, Moradi S. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (common sage) leaves tea on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary: An experimental study. Avicenna J Phytomed 2020; 10:263-272. [PMID: 32523881 PMCID: PMC7256279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress conditions and metabolic complications are common among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. There are various reports about hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. (common sage). This study evaluated the possible medicinal effects of sage tea drinking on oxidative status, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in rats with testosterone-induced PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen immature female Wistar rats (21-day old) were divided into 3 groups: 1) The Control group (n=6) that received no treatment. 2) The PCOS group (n=6) that received testosterone enanthate 10 mg/kg BW for 35 days subcutaneously. (3) The PCOS -sage tea group (n=6) to which after induction of PCOS by injection of testosterone enanthate, the sage tea was administered as a replacement of water for 14 days. The beverages were refreshed every day. The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, insulin, HDL-C, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total triglycerides, and atherogenic index were measured. RESULTS Sage tea consumption increased serum TAC and decreased serum HDL-C, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and atherogenic index levels but it did not change the levels of MDA, insulin, total triglycerides, and VLDL-C. CONCLUSION Results suggested that sage tea consumption may influence the oxidative status and reduce the blood glucose and atherogenic index and may have cardiovascular protective effects in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ghowsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-83-34274545, Fax: +98-83-34274545,
| | - Namdar Yousofvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kalisz A, Sękara A, Pokluda R, Jezdinský A, Neugebauerová J, Slezák KA, Kunicki E. Sequential Response of Sage Antioxidant Metabolism to Chilling Treatment. Molecules 2019; 24:E4087. [PMID: 31726737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilling influences the growth and metabolism of plants. The physiological response and acclimatization of genotypes in relation to stress stimulus can be different. Two sage cultivars: ‘Icterina’ and ‘Purpurascens’ were subjected to 4 °C and 18 °C (control), and sampled between the 5th and 14th day of the treatment. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was up-regulated in chilled ‘Purpurascens’ on the 14th day, while guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity increased on the 10th and 12th day in relation to the control. GPX activity of the control ‘Icterina’ was frequently higher than chilled plants, and chilling did not affect APX activity of that cultivar. Catalase activity remained stable in both sage cultivars. Chilled ‘Purpurascens’ showed a significant increase in total phenolics contents on the 5th, 7th, and 12th day and in total antioxidant capacity on the 5th and 10th day as compared to the control for respective sampling days. Higher malondialdehyde content was found in chilled plants on the 12th, or 14th day, differences reached 26–28% of the controls. Chilling caused significant decrease in dry matter content. The stress response was more stable and effective in ‘Icterina’, while more dynamic changes were found for ‘Purpurascens’. Based on our results, we propose to use ‘Purpurascens’ for targeted stress-induced studies and ‘Icterina’ for field applications.
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Tresch M, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Melzig M, Roosje P, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants as therapeutic options for topical treatment in canine dermatology? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:174. [PMID: 31133058 PMCID: PMC6537371 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have been used traditionally since centuries for wound care and treatment of skin diseases both in human and animals. Skin diseases are one of the most common reasons for owners to take their dog to the veterinarian. The demands for treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases are broad. A wide range of bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be involved, making the treatment challenging and bear an anthropo-zoonotic potential. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate based on recent scientific literature, the potential of four medicinal plants to enrich the therapeutic options in pyoderma, canine atopic dermatitis, otitis externa, wounds and dermatophytosis in dogs. Results Based on four books and a survey among veterinarians specialized in phytotherapy, four medicinal plants were chosen as the subject of this systematic review: Calendula officinalis L. (Marigold), Hypericum perforatum L. agg. (St. John’s Wort), Matricaria chamomilla L. (syn. Matricaria recutita L., Chamomile) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage). According to the PRISMA statement through literature research on two online databases a total of 8295 publications was screened and narrowed down to a final 138 publications for which full-text documents were analyzed for its content resulting in a total of 145 references (21 clinical, 24 in vivo and 100 in vitro references). Conclusions All four plants were proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effects of a rather broad spectrum including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This makes them an interesting new option for the treatment of pyoderma, otitis externa, infected wounds and dermatophytosis. Marigold, St. John’s Wort and Chamomile showed wound-healing properties and are thus promising candidates in line to fill the therapeutic gap in canine wound-healing agents. St. John’s Wort and Chamomile also showed anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on healthy skin. Due to the wide range of beneficial effects of these medicinal plants, they should be taken into account for the treatment of dermatologic diseases in dogs at least in future clinical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tresch
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
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Jakovljević M, Jokić S, Molnar M, Jašić M, Babić J, Jukić H, Banjari I. Bioactive Profile of Various Salvia officinalis L. Preparations. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8030055. [PMID: 30845696 PMCID: PMC6473381 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L., also known as the “Salvation Plant”, has been long used and well-documented in traditional medicine around the globe. Its bioactive compounds, and especially its polyphenol profile, have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, sage’s beneficial effects reach much further, and nowadays, with a range of new extraction techniques, we are discovering new components with new therapeutic effects, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and various carcinomas. This review describes the bioactive profile of various sage preparations depending on the extraction techniques and extraction parameters, and this review lists the newest research findings on its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Midhat Jašić
- Faculty of Technology Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Huska Jukić
- Department sanitary engineering, University of Bihac, Faculty of Health Studies, Nositelja hrvatskog trolista 4, 77000 Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ines Banjari
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Mehdizadeh T, Tajik H, Jafarie S, Kaboudari A. Effect of Salvia officinalis L. extract on chemical, microbial, sensory and shelf life of rainbow trout fillet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1499-1506. [PMID: 31695949 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at extending shelf life of rainbow trout fillet. Fish and seafoods are the most valuable nutrients, however, high levels of moisture, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and the content of nutrients make them to be categorized as spoilable and unstable foods. The objective of this research was to study of the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets using Salvia officinalis L. extract. Chemical and microbial analyses were performed on treatments. The usage of hydro-ethanol extract of S. officinalis L. significantly decreased microbial growth in fish fillet and there were significant differences among concentrations of the extract (p ≤ 0.05). The presence of extract of S. officinalis L. resulted in an inhibitory effect on the formation of TVB-N and FFA in comparison with the control group at all analytical times. In conclusion, the shelf life of fish fillets was increased noticeably using extract at 4 ± 1 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooraj Mehdizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ata Kaboudari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Pavić V, Jakovljević M, Molnar M, Jokić S. Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) Leaves by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8010016. [PMID: 30634542 PMCID: PMC6359053 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a good source of antioxidant compounds, carnosic acid and carnosol being the prominent ones. Both are soluble in CO2, and our goal was to investigate the application of supercritical CO2 extraction to obtain sage extracts rich in these compounds. The effect of pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate on the carnosic acid and carnosol yield was studied. These variables were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The pressure significantly affected carnosol extraction, while the extraction of carnosic acid was affected by the pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate. Carnosic acid content varied from 0.29–120.0 µg mg−1, and carnosol content from 0.46–65.5 µg mg−1. The optimal conditions according to RSM were a pressure of 29.5 MPa, a temperature of 49.1 °C, and a CO2 flow rate of 3 kg h−1, and the sage extract yield was calculated to be 6.54%, carnosic acid content 105 µg mg−1, and carnosol content 56.3 µg mg−1. The antioxidant activities of the sage extracts were evaluated by the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Sage extract obtained at 30 MPa and 40 °C with 2 kg h−1 CO2 flow rate with a carnosic acid content of 72 µg mg−1 and carnosol content of 55 µg mg−1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (80.0 ± 0.68%) amongst the investigated supercritical fluid extracts at 25 µg mL−1 concentration. The antimicrobial properties of extracts were tested on four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract with a carnosic acid content of 116 µg mg−1 and a carnosol content of 60.6 µg mg−1 was found to be the most potent agent against B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Cocan I, Alexa E, Danciu C, Radulov I, Galuscan A, Obistioiu D, Morvay AA, Sumalan RM, Poiana MA, Pop G, Dehelean CA. Phytochemical screening and biological activity of Lamiaceae family plant extracts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1863-1870. [PMID: 29434776 PMCID: PMC5776630 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate ethanolic extracts from the following medicinal plant species cultivated in western Romania: Melissa officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO) and Salvia officinalis L. (SO). Antioxidant activity, total phenolics content and a profile of the main hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), including caffeic, ferulic, coumaric and rosmarinic acids, was determined for each plant extract. The in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Listeria-, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus), and the effect on cell viability in two melanoma cell lines (B164A5 murine melanoma and A375 human melanoma) was also assessed. The results indicated that total phenolics content was 73.76-274.73 mg GAE·g-1 and the antioxidant activity was 2.32-2.87 mM Fe2+·100 g-1. There was found a strong positive correlation (R=0.9691) between total phenolics content and the antioxidant activity in the investigated samples. Regarding the HCA profile obtained by high performance liquid chromatography, the results demonstrated that rosmarinic acid represents the main identified compound. The ethanolic extracts of RO and SO exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. RO was the most effective in terms of decreasing the cell viability of murine and human melanoma cell lines, while the HCAs did not exhibit any effect on cell viability. These findings suggest that plant extracts from the Lamiaceae family may used in the clinic as natural antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Cocan
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Food Processing Technology, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Food Processing Technology, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babeș’, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babeș’ Timişoara, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Attila Alexandru Morvay
- Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Renata Maria Sumalan
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Mariana-Atena Poiana
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Food Processing Technology, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Georgeta Pop
- Department of Agricultural Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ‘King Michael I of Romania’ from Timişoara, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babeș’, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
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22
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Celano R, Piccinelli AL, Pagano I, Roscigno G, Campone L, De Falco E, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Oil distillation wastewaters from aromatic herbs as new natural source of antioxidant compounds. Food Res Int 2017; 99:298-307. [PMID: 28784486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Distillation wastewaters (DWWs) are generated during the essential oil steam distillation from aromatic herbs. Despite of growing interest on novel source of natural antioxidant compounds as food additives, studies on DWWs are scarse. Herein, the potential of DWWs produced by the distillation of packaged fresh basil, rosemary and sage wastes was evaluated by chemical and antioxidant characterization. HPLC-DAD-HRMS profiling revealed that DWWs contain water-soluble phenolic compounds, mainly caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides, with rosmarinic acid (RA) as predominant components (29-135mg/100mL). DWWs demonstrated high levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC, 152-443mg GAE/100mL) and strong antioxidant capacities, in ORAC, DPPH and ABTS assays (1101-4720, 635-4244 and 571-3145μmol TE/100mL, respectively). Highly significant correlations of TEAC values with TPC and RA contents revealed that phenolic compounds and high RA content were responsible of DWWs antioxidant properties.Thus, DWWs are proposed as a new promising source of natural food additives and/or functional ingredients for cosmetic, nutraceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Imma Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Graziana Roscigno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Enrica De Falco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Williams JD, Yazarians JA, Almeyda CC, Anderson KA, Boyce GR. Detection of the Previously Unobserved Stereoisomers of Thujone in the Essential Oil and Consumable Products of Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:4319-4326. [PMID: 27181395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the (+)-α-thujone and (-)-β-thujone stereoisomers in the essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and dietary supplements is documented for the first time. The detection was accomplished using a chiral resolution protocol of racemic α-/β-thujone on headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Because the previously unreported stereoisomers, (+)-α-thujone and (-)-β-thujone, are not commercially available, a three-step synthesis of racemic thujone from commercially available starting materials was developed. Thermolysis studies demonstrated that no racemization at the cyclopropane stereocenters occurs, corroborating that the detection is not an artifact from the hydrodistillation process. The developed chiral resolution of thujone was also used to provide evidence for the absence of the (+)-α-thujone and (-)-β-thujone enantiomers in other common thujone-containing essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Mercyhurst University , Erie, Pennsylvania 16546, United States
| | - Jessica A Yazarians
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University , Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Chelcie C Almeyda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University , Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Kristin A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Mercyhurst University , Erie, Pennsylvania 16546, United States
| | - Gregory R Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University , Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
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Gudi G, Krähmer A, Krüger H, Schulz H. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy on Intact Dried Leaves of Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.): Accelerated Chemotaxonomic Discrimination and Analysis of Essential Oil Composition. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8743-50. [PMID: 26360136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is cultivated worldwide for its aromatic leaves, which are used as herbal spice, and for phytopharmaceutical applications. Fast analytical strategies for essential oil analysis, performed directly on plant material, would reduce the delay between sampling and analytical results. This would enhance product quality by improving technical control of cultivation. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method described here provides a reliable calibration model for quantification of essential oil components [EOCs; R(2) = 0.96; root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.249 mL 100 g(-1) of dry matter (DM); and range = 1.115-5.280 mL 100 g(-1) of DM] and main constituents [e.g., α-thujone/β-thujone; R(2) = 0.97/0.86; RMSECV = 0.0581/0.0856 mL 100 g(-1) of DM; and range = 0.010-1.252/0.005-0.893 mL 100 g(-1) of DM] directly on dried intact leaves of sage. Except for drying, no further sample preparation is required for ATR-FTIR, and the measurement time of less than 5 min per sample contrasts with the most common alternative of hydrodistillation followed by gas chromatography analysis, which can take several hours per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi Gudi
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute , Königin-Luise-Straße 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute , Königin-Luise-Straße 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Krüger
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute , Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute , Königin-Luise-Straße 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute , Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
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25
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Kianbakht S, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients consuming Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract: a randomized placebo. Controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:441-6. [PMID: 24050577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) leaf extract in the treatment of hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN Randomized placebo-controlled parallel group study. SETTING Diabetes Clinic (Karaj City, Alborz Province of Iran). INTERVENTIONS The efficacy and safety of taking S. officinalis leaf extract (one 500 mg capsule t.i.d. for 3 months) in treatment of 40 hyperlipidemic (hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic) type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated and compared with the placebo group (n=40). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting blood levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and creatinine. RESULTS The extract lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C but increased HDL-C compared to baseline at endpoint. Percent difference mean (95% confidence interval) between the extract and placebo groups in terms of effects on fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C at endpoint were 32.2 (26.5, 37.9), 22.7 (16.8, 28.6), 16.9 (9.7, 24.1), 56.4 (36.1, 76.7), 35.6 (29.9, 41.3) and 27.6 (15.8, 39.4) (P=0.001, P=0.01, P=0.01, P=0.009, P<0.001 and P=0.008), respectively. Moreover, the extract did not have any significant effects on the other parameters compared to the placebo group at endpoint (P>0.05). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS S. officinalis leaves may be safe and have anti-hyperglycemic and lipid profile improving effects in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kianbakht
- Department of Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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26
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Walch SG, Lachenmeier DW, Kuballa T, Stühlinger W, Monakhova YB. Holistic Control of Herbal Teas and Tinctures Based on Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) for Compounds with Beneficial and Adverse Effects using NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem Insights 2012; 7:1-12. [PMID: 22493561 PMCID: PMC3317595 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s8946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A methodology that utilizes (1)H-NMR spectroscopy has been developed to simultaneously analyze toxic terpenes (thujone and camphor), major polyphenolic compounds, the total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) index in foods and medicines containing sage. The quantitative determination of rosmarinic acid (limit of detection (LOD) = 10 mg/L) and total thujone (LOD = 0.35 mg/L) was possible using direct integration of the signals. For other parameters (derivatives of rosmarinic acid, carnosol and flavone glycosides, ORAC and FC index), chemometric regression models obtained separately for alcohol-based tinctures (R(2) = 0.94-0.98) and aqueous tea infusions (R(2) = 0.79-0.99) were suitable for screening analysis. The relative standard deviations for authentic samples were below 10%. The developed methodology was applied for the analysis of a wide variety of sage products (n = 108). The total thujone content in aqueous tea infusions was found to be in the range of not detectable (nd) to 37.5 mg/L (average 9.2 mg/L), while tinctures contained higher levels (range nd-409 mg/L, average 107 mg/L). The camphor content varied from 2.1 to 43.7 mg/L in aqueous infusions and from not detectable to 748 mg/L in tinctures (averages were 14.1 and 206 mg/L, respectively). Phenolic compounds were also detected in the majority of the investigated products. (1)H-NMR spectroscopy was proven to have the ability to holistically control all important adverse and beneficial compounds in sage products in a single experiment, considerably saving time, resources and costs as NMR replaces four separate methodologies that were previously needed to analyze the same parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G Walch
- Department for Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tyrol, Austria
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27
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Walch SG, Tinzoh LN, Zimmermann BF, Stühlinger W, Lachenmeier DW. Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Composition as Quality Indicators for Aqueous Infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:79. [PMID: 22194722 PMCID: PMC3242359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is used as an herbal medicinal product, with the most typical form of application as infusion with boiling water (sage tea). The well-established traditional uses include symptomatic treatment of mild dyspeptic complaints, the treatment of inflammations in the mouth and the throat, and relief of excessive sweating and relief of minor skin inflammations. In this study, sage teas prepared from commercially available products were chemically analyzed for polyphenolic content using liquid chromatography, for antioxidant potential using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method, and for the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) index. The sage teas showed a high variation for all parameters studied (up to 20-fold differences for rosmarinic acid). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the antioxidant potential, which varied between 0.4 and 1.8 mmol trolox equivalents/100 mL, was highly dependent on rosmarinic acid and its derivatives. The FC index also showed a high correlation to these polyphenols, and could therefore be used as a screening parameter for sage tea quality. The considerable differences in polyphenolic composition and antioxidant capacity between the brands lead to a demand for quality standardization, especially if these sage teas are to be used for therapeutic purposes. Further research also appears to be necessary to characterize the dose–benefit relationship, as sage may also contain a constituent (thujone) with potentially adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G Walch
- Department for Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology Hall in Tyrol, Austria
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28
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Sá CM, Ramos AA, Azevedo MF, Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Sage tea drinking improves lipid profile and antioxidant defences in humans. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3937-3950. [PMID: 19865527 PMCID: PMC2769154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (common sage) is a plant with antidiabetic properties. A pilot trial (non-randomized crossover trial) with six healthy female volunteers (aged 40–50) was designed to evaluate the beneficial properties of sage tea consumption on blood glucose regulation, lipid profile and transaminase activity in humans. Effects of sage consumption on erythrocytes’ SOD and CAT activities and on Hsp70 expression in lymphocytes were also evaluated. Four weeks sage tea treatment had no effects on plasma glucose. An improvement in lipid profile was observed with lower plasma LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels as well as higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels during and two weeks after treatment. Sage tea also increased lymphocyte Hsp70 expression and erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities. No hepatotoxic effects or other adverse effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Sá
- CBMA–Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.S.); (A.A.R.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Alice A. Ramos
- CBMA–Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.S.); (A.A.R.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Marisa F. Azevedo
- CBMA–Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.S.); (A.A.R.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Cristovao F. Lima
- CITAB–Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.F.L.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Manuel Fernandes-Ferreira
- CITAB–Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.F.L.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Cristina Pereira-Wilson
- CBMA–Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.S.); (A.A.R.); (M.F.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:; Tel. +351-253604318; Fax: +351-253678980
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