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Carvalho Silva R, Oliva F, Barlati S, Perusi G, Meattini M, Dashi E, Colombi N, Vaona A, Carletto S, Minelli A. Childhood neglect, the neglected trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115881. [PMID: 38579459 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed neglect prevalence, including emotional neglect (EN) and physical neglect (PN), among adults with psychiatric disorders. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis in 122 studies assessing different psychiatric disorders. Prevalence was 46.6% (95%CI[34.5-59.0]) for unspecified neglect (Ne), 43.1% (95%CI[39.0-47.4]) for EN, and 34.8% (95%CI[30.6-39.2]) for PN. Although a moderating effect of the psychiatric diagnostic category was not confirmed, some clinical diagnoses had significantly lower prevalence rates than others. Patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder showed lower prevalence rates of EN and PN, whereas lower prevalence was found in psychotic disorders and eating disorders for PN only. Neglect assessment was a significant moderator for Ne and PN. No moderating effect of age and sex on neglect prevalence was found. Heterogeneity levels within and between psychiatric diagnostic categories remained high. This is the first meta-analysis examining diverse types of neglect prevalence considering different psychiatric diagnoses. Our results explore the prevalence of childhood neglect and its subtypes among adults with psychiatric disorders, contributing to understanding the nuanced interplay between neglect and specific psychiatric conditions, and guiding interventions for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Meattini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elona Dashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Tirane, Albania
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Federated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Azienda Ulss9, Department Cure Primarie, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Ruffalo ML, Kottapalli M, Anbukkarasu P. Empathy in the Care of Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Vital Element of Treatment. Am J Psychother 2024; 77:30-34. [PMID: 38093661 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Although therapist empathy has long been recognized as one of the most important ingredients of successful psychotherapy, its role in the treatment of schizophrenia has been neglected, relative to the treatment of other psychiatric disorders. In this article, the authors aimed to explore historical and modern conceptions of the use of empathy in work with patients with schizophrenia, review the research on empathy as applied generally in psychotherapy and as it pertains to this population, and offer a case study demonstrating empathy's instrumental role in the management of schizophrenia. Empathic understanding of patients with schizophrenia has relevance across treatment settings: in psychotherapy, on inpatient psychiatric units, in the emergency department, and at home with family or caregivers. An empathic understanding of the psychological process occurring in schizophrenia is a vital component of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Ruffalo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (Ruffalo)
| | - Manjula Kottapalli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (Ruffalo)
| | - Preethashree Anbukkarasu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (Ruffalo)
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3
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Nielsen CM, Lauridsen HH, Østergaard SD, Kølbæk P. Structural validity of the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:387-393. [PMID: 38215649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When monitoring the severity and impact of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, a measure of subjective well-being should ideally accompany measures of symptom severity and medication side effects. The self-reported 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) is a brief, generic, and widely used measure of subjective well-being. However, the structural validity of the WHO-5, namely, whether the individual item scores can be combined to produce a meaningful total score, has not been examined among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHOD Utilizing data from 399 Danish patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders attending the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region, we employed Rasch analysis to examine the structural validity (i.e., unidimensionality, overall fit to the Rasch model, and differential item functioning) of the WHO-5. RESULTS The WHO-5 was found to be unidimensional with no differential item functioning for age, sex, or inpatient/outpatient status. However, in the initial analysis, some misfit to the Rasch model, partially caused by the disordering of response categories, was evident. In adjusted analyses in which the item response categories 2 (Less than half of the time) and 3 (More than half of the time) were merged, overall fit to the model was improved. CONCLUSIONS When two item response categories were merged, the Danish version of the WHO-5 was found to be structurally valid for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This suggests that the WHO-5 holds promise as a measure of subjective well-being in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Marie Nielsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hein Lauridsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Kølbæk
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Nian SY, Hirani V, Ardill-Young O, Ward PB, Curtis J, Teasdale SB. The resting metabolic rate of people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2025-2038. [PMID: 37157830 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
People with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and related psychoses and bipolar disorder, are at greater risk for obesity compared with people without mental illness. An altered resting metabolic rate (RMR) may be a key driving factor; however, published studies have not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether the RMR of people with SMI assessed by indirect calorimetry differs from (i) controls, (ii) predictive equations and (iii) after administration of antipsychotic medications. Five databases were searched from database inception to March 2022. Thirteen studies providing nineteen relevant datasets were included. Study quality was mixed (62 % considered low quality). In the primary analysis, RMR in people with SMI did not differ from matched controls (n 2, standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0·58, 95 % CI -1·01, 2·16, P = 0·48, I2 = 92 %). Most predictive equations overestimated RMR. The Mifflin-St. Jeor equation appeared to be most accurate (n 5, SMD = -0·29, 95 % CI -0·73, 0·14, P = 0·19, I2 = 85 %). There were no significant changes in RMR after antipsychotic administration (n 4, SMD = 0·17, 95 % CI -0·21, 0·55, P = 0·38, I2 = 0 %). There is little evidence to suggest there is a difference in RMR between people with SMI and people without when matched for age, sex, BMI and body mass, or that commencement of antipsychotic medication alters RMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Y Nian
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver Ardill-Young
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Botany St, Kensington2031, NSW, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Margarete Ainsworth Building, Barker St, Randwick2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip B Ward
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Botany St, Kensington2031, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool2170, NSW, Australia
| | - Jackie Curtis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Botany St, Kensington2031, NSW, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Margarete Ainsworth Building, Barker St, Randwick2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Botany St, Kensington2031, NSW, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Margarete Ainsworth Building, Barker St, Randwick2031, NSW, Australia
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5
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Cohen BM, Öngür D, Babb SM, Harris PQ. Diagnostic terms psychiatrists prefer to use for common psychotic and personality disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:226-231. [PMID: 36095951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are ongoing discussions on updating various standard psychiatric terms, including schizophrenia, which can be confusing, and personality disorders, which can be pejorative. To contribute to this process, suggestions and recommendations on terminology were sought from academic psychiatrists with substantial clinical experience. METHODS In an online survey, 263 psychiatrists were asked how often they used alternative instead of standard terms for the diagnosis or symptom description of psychotic disorders and DSM Cluster B personality disorders. They were also asked what specific terms they preferred to use. Reasons for their views and choices were obtained. RESULTS 125 clinicians (48%) responded. Only a minority of clinicians (31%) tended to use the term schizophrenia often, preferring to say psychosis or to refer to thinking and perceptual problems. Even lower proportions of clinicians (7-14%) often use the terms for Cluster B personality disorder subtypes: antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, and borderline. Alternatives suggested for these disorders included discussing emotional dysregulation, traits of sensitivity and reactivity, and relational difficulties. Reasons cited for choosing alternative terms were to avoid miscommunication (71% of responders) and to avoid offending the patient (78% of responders). CONCLUSIONS There are practical alternatives to standard psychiatric terminology that may improve communication with patients and be more respectful choices, as well. The suggestions of the psychiatrists responding to this survey might be of immediate value to others in their practices and might be worthy of consideration by those writing the next versions of the standard manuals, both the DSM and the ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Cohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Dost Öngür
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Suzann M Babb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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Rocks T, Teasdale SB, Fehily C, Young C, Howland G, Kelly B, Dawson S, Jacka F, Dunbar JA, O’Neil A. Effectiveness of nutrition and dietary interventions for people with serious mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Aust 2022; 217 Suppl 7:S7-S21. [PMID: 36183316 PMCID: PMC9828433 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review recent published trials of nutrition and dietary interventions for people with serious mental illness; to assess their effectiveness in improving metabolic syndrome risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of interventions with a nutrition/diet-related component delivered to people with serious mental illness, published 1 January 2010 - 6 September 2021. Primary outcomes were weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes were total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. In addition, reference lists of relevant publications were examined for further additional studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-five studies encompassing 26 intervention arms were included in our analysis. Eight studies were at low or some risk of bias, seventeen were deemed to be at high risk. Eight of seventeen intervention arms found statistically significant intervention effects on weight, ten of 24 on BMI, and seven of seventeen on waist circumference. The pooled effects of nutrition interventions on metabolic syndrome risk factors were statistically non-significant. However, we identified small size effects on weight for interventions delivered by dietitians (five studies; 262 intervention, 258 control participants; standardised mean difference [SMD], -0.28; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.04) and interventions consisting of individual sessions only (three studies; 141 intervention, 134 control participants; SMD, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.54 to -0.06). CONCLUSIONS We found only limited evidence for nutrition interventions improving metabolic syndrome risk factors in people with serious mental illness. However, they may be more effective when delivered on an individual basis or by dietitians. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021235979 (prospective).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Rocks
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT)Deakin UniversityMelbourneVIC
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- University of New South WalesSydneyNSW,Mindgardens Neuroscience NetworkSydneyNSW
| | | | - Claire Young
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC
| | - Gina Howland
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC
| | | | - Samantha Dawson
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC
| | - Felice Jacka
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC,Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVIC
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with serious mental illness face adverse psychiatric and medical outcomes, and their care is associated with a large burden of health care costs. Care management, in which assessment, care planning, and care coordination are provided, is a common model of support, yet the evidence supporting its use among psychiatric populations is mixed. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were undertaken to determine the impact of care management on clinical outcomes, acute care utilization, cost, and satisfaction among adults with serious mental illness. METHODS A multidatabase literature search was performed. Articles were included if they compared standard outpatient care plus care management with standard outpatient care alone for adults with serious mental illness and reported on one or more predefined outcomes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other study designs were permitted for inclusion in the systematic review. The meta-analysis included only RCTs. RESULTS For the systematic review, 34 articles representing 28 unique studies were included. Fifteen of these articles, representing 12 unique studies, were included in the meta-analysis, which indicated that care management was associated with small, statistically significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms, overall quality of life (QOL), and mental QOL (Hedges' g range 0.13-0.26). In addition, care management was associated with a small, statistically significant reduction in inpatient psychiatric hospital days (Hedges' g=0.16, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Care management is associated with fewer psychiatric symptoms and greater QOL for persons with serious mental illness. Further work is needed to determine which components of the intervention are associated with effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Marissa P Caan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Clara H Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Clifton M Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - H Stephen Leff
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Miriam C Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Panariello F, Longobardi S, Cellini L, De Ronchi D, Atti AR. Psychiatric hospitalization during the two SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves: New warnings for acute psychotic episodes and suicidal behaviors. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1095-1105. [PMID: 34888176 PMCID: PMC8613752 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subsequent waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have represented a dramatic health emergency characterized by significant consequences on mental health. Diachronic variations in the incidence rates of acute relapse of psychiatric disorders may represent significant "sentinel events" for assessing the mental health response to an unprecedented stressful event.
AIM To investigate the variation in psychiatric hospitalization rates and differences in sociodemographic and clinical-psychopathological peculiarities at Bologna "Maggiore" General Hospital Psychiatric Ward (GHPW) between the first two waves SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the same periods of the previous 3 years. The secondary purpose of the study was to suggest a diachronic response pathway to stress by reporting additional literature data on coping strategies.
METHODS This observational and retrospective study collected information on admission to the GHPW at the "Maggiore" Hospital in Bologna in the index periods defined as follows: the first period between February 24, 2020 and April 30, 2020 (first epidemic wave) and the second period between October 8, 2020, and January 7, 2021 (second pandemic wave). Absolute numbers and proportion of admitted patients, their sociodemographic and clinical-psychopathological characteristics were compared with the same parameters recorded in the two same periods of the previous 3 years. No strict inclusion or exclusion criteria were provided in the data collection to collect information on all patients requiring acute psychiatric hospitalization.
RESULTS During the first wave, there was a significant reduction in hospitalization rates, although there was a simultaneous increase in compulsory hospitalizations and the acute relapse of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. During the second wave, hospitalization rates reached those recorded during the same period of the previous 3 years, mainly due to the rise of bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders and suicidal behaviors.
CONCLUSION The coping strategies adopted during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic protected the vulnerable population from the general risk of clinical-psychopathological acute relapse, even if they increased the susceptibility to run into schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder relapses. In the medium-long term (as in the second pandemic wave), the same strategies do not play protective roles against the stress associated with the pandemic and social restriction measures. Indeed, during the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an increase in total hospitalization rate, suicidal behaviors and the incidence rate of bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Sara Longobardi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cellini
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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9
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Barranha R, Teixeira T, Quarenta J, von Doellinger O. Living conditions of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the region of 'Tâmega e Sousa' (Portugal). Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:441-447. [PMID: 33016179 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020962534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are the most impairing psychiatric disorders and are a major cause of social exclusion. Despite that, there are only two studies published assessing the socioeconomic characteristics of SSD patients living in Portugal. AIMS The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of social and family support for SSD patients living in the region of 'Tâmega e Sousa', in northern Portugal. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using patients under home-based care provided by the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa. We retrieved sociodemographic data from clinical records. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. RESULTS Our sample consists on 67 patients with SSD, mostly men (74.6%). Although the majority was single (69.2%) and childless (85.7%), only a minority lived alone (21.2%). In relation to their professional status, only 5.0% were employed and 78.3% got a disability pension. Among the patients that lived accompanied, 68% lived with their parents or grandparents, and a quarter lived with family members affected by psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the dependence of SSD patients on their family's support. Lack of labour market integration, economic dependence and difficulty establishing stable relationships further aggravate their social exclusion. Although our results are consistent with a previous observational study held in Portugal, our patients display a worse functional status. Even considering the possible patient selection bias, there is evidence supporting the need for more investment in psychosocial rehabilitation that should take into account the sociodemographic idiosyncrasies of this Portuguese region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Barranha
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Tânia Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - João Quarenta
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Orlando von Doellinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vogel JS, Bruins J, Halbersma L, Lieben RJ, de Jong S, van der Gaag M, Castelein S. Measuring personal recovery in people with a psychotic disorder based on CHIME: A comparison of three validated measures. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:808-819. [PMID: 32147933 PMCID: PMC7586981 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Living well in spite of residual symptoms of mental illness is measured with the construct of personal recovery. The CHIME framework might be suitable to evaluate personal recovery measures and guide instrument choice. Three validated measures were evaluated in Dutch patients with a psychotic disorder (N = 52). We compared the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), the Mental Health Recovery Measure (MHRM), and the Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL). The measures were assessed on six criteria: content validity (based on CHIME), convergent validity with a social support measure, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, item interpretability, and ease of administration. The MHRM scored high on content validity with a balanced distribution of items covering the CHIME framework. The MHRM and the NEL showed moderate convergent validity with social support. In all three measures, internal consistency was moderate and floor and ceiling effects were absent. The NEL scores demonstrated a high degree of item interpretability. Ease of administration was moderate for all three measures. Finally, the CHIME framework demonstrated good utility as a framework in guiding instrument choice and evaluation of personal recovery measures. The MHRM showed the best overall result. However, differences between measures were minimal. Generalization of the results is limited by cultural and linguistic factors in the assessment for the subjective measures (i.e. content validity and item interpretability). The broad and multidimensional construct of personal recovery might lead to ambiguous interpretations. Scientific consensus on a well-defined personal recovery construct is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Sjoerd Vogel
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jojanneke Bruins
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi Halbersma
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven de Jong
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Stynke Castelein
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Valle R. Schizophrenia in ICD-11: Comparison of ICD-10 and DSM-5. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2020; 13:95-104. [PMID: 32336596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The conceptualization of schizophrenia has changed from its initial conception in the 19th century to the recent publication of the ICD-11. The changes incorporated in this latest version were made based on the evaluation of the current ICD, the available scientific evidence, and the consensus reached by its developers. In this paper we describe the conceptualization changes (diagnostic criteria and specifiers) of ICD-11 schizophrenia with respect to those of ICD-10 and DSM-5. The changes found are discussed based on the scientific literature published in Medline, Scopus and Scielo until July 2019 and the information on the Wordl Health Organization and American Psychiatric Association websites. Given that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on the diagnostic criteria of the diagnostic classification systems, it is important to know the changes made in its conceptualization and the evidence supporting such modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Valle
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; DEIDAE de Adultos y Adultos Mayores, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental «Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi», Lima, Perú.
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Del-Ben CM, Shuhama R, Loureiro CM, Ragazzi TCC, Zanatta DP, Tenan SHG, Ferreira Santos JL, Louzada-Junior P, Dos Santos AC, Morgan C, Menezes PR. Urbanicity and risk of first-episode psychosis: incidence study in Brazil. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 215:726-729. [PMID: 31099323 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the incidence of first-episode psychosis over a 3-year period in a Brazilian catchment area comprising the region's main city, Ribeirão Preto (1 425 306 persons-years at risk), and 25 other municipalities with a total of 1 646 556 persons-years at risk. The incidence rates were estimated and adjusted by gender and age, using the direct standardisation method to the world population as reference. The incidence of psychosis was higher in the younger groups, men, and among Black and minority ethnic Brazilians. Psychosis incidence was lower in Ribeirão Preto (16.69/100 000 person-years at risk; 95% CI 15.68-17.70) compared with the average incidence in the remaining municipalities (21.25/100 000 person-years at risk; 95% CI 20.20-22.31), which have lower population density, suggesting a distinct role for urbanicity in the incidence of first-episode psychosis in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo; and Vice Director, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo; and Research Fellow, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.,PhD student, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taciana Cristina Carvalho Ragazzi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.,PhD student, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Perocco Zanatta
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.,PhD student, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Galo Tenan
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair Lício Ferreira Santos
- Professor, Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo; and Professor, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Dos Santos
- Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Craig Morgan
- Professor, Department of Health Services and Population Research, King's College London; and David Goldberg Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo; and Director, Population Mental Health Research Centre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Valle R, Perales A. Self-disorders in Early Stages of the Schizophrenia Spectrum. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2019; 48:244-251. [PMID: 31779875 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic nucleus of schizophrenia has varied according to the different eras and influences of distinguished clinical researchers. Self-disorders have also been recognised to be at the heart of this disorder, although they have seldom been studied due to their subjective nature. Recently, due to the growing interest in the study of the early stages of schizophrenia, the study of self-disorders has been resumed. The self-disorders in schizophrenia model, developed by Sass and Parnas, proposes that in this disorder the person suffers loss of the first-person perspective and experiences hyperreflexibility, diminished self-affection and disturbance of the field of awareness. Therefore, the person experiences feelings of strangeness about him/herself, difficulty in understanding the common sense of things and difficulty interacting with his/her environment. Based on this model, self-disorder evaluation instruments have been developed and empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate people at risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These studies show that self-disorders are found in prepsychotic stages and that their manifestation may predict the transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. These results have important clinical implications as they enable people in the early stages of the disorder to be identified and create the opportunity to apply early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Valle
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; DEIDAE de Adultos y Adultos Mayores, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Perú.
| | - Alberto Perales
- Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Ética en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Carruthers SP, Gurvich CT, Meyer D, Bousman C, Everall IP, Neill E, Pantelis C, Sumner PJ, Tan EJ, Thomas EHX, Van Rheenen TE, Rossell SL; Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. Exploring Heterogeneity on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Cluster Analytical Investigation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:750-60. [PMID: 31104647 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617719000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a complex measure of executive function that is frequently employed to investigate the schizophrenia spectrum. The successful completion of the task requires the interaction of multiple intact executive processes, including attention, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and concept formation. Considerable cognitive heterogeneity exists among the schizophrenia spectrum population, with substantive evidence to support the existence of distinct cognitive phenotypes. The within-group performance heterogeneity of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) on the WCST has yet to be investigated. A data-driven cluster analysis was performed to characterise WCST performance heterogeneity. METHODS Hierarchical cluster analysis with k-means optimisation was employed to identify homogenous subgroups in a sample of 210 schizophrenia spectrum participants. Emergent clusters were then compared to each other and a group of 194 healthy controls (HC) on WCST performance and demographic/clinical variables. RESULTS Three clusters emerged and were validated via altered design iterations. Clusters were deemed to reflect a relatively intact patient subgroup, a moderately impaired patient subgroup, and a severely impaired patient subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Considerable within-group heterogeneity exists on the WCST. Identification of subgroups of patients who exhibit homogenous performance on measures of executive functioning may assist in optimising cognitive interventions. Previous associations found using the WCST among schizophrenia spectrum participants should be reappraised. (JINS, 2019, 25, 750-760).
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Girard TA, Wilkins LK, Lyons KM, Yang L, Christensen BK. Traditional test administration and proactive interference undermine visual-spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:242-253. [PMID: 29848232 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1479248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Working-memory (WM) is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this deficit are less known. This study applies a modified version of the Corsi Block Test to investigate the role of proactive interference in visuospatial WM (VSWM) impairment in SSD. Methods Healthy and SSD participants completed a modified version of the Corsi Block Test involving both high (typical ascending set size from 4 to 7 items) and low (descending set size from 7 to 4 items) proactive interference conditions. Results The results confirmed that the SSD group performed worse overall relative to a healthy comparison group. More importantly, the SSD group demonstrated greater VSWM scores under low (Descending) versus high (Ascending) proactive interference; this pattern is opposite to that of healthy participants. Conclusions This differential pattern of performance supports that proactive interference associated with the traditional administration format contributes to VSWM impairment in SSD. Further research investigating associated neurocognitive mechanisms and the contribution of proactive interference across other domains of cognition in SSD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Girard
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Leanne K Wilkins
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Kathleen M Lyons
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Lixia Yang
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Bocchetta A, Traccis F. The Sardinian Puzzle: Concentration of Major Psychoses and Suicide in the Same Sub-Regions Across One Century. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:246-254. [PMID: 29299047 PMCID: PMC5725527 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island has long been considered a privileged observatory for the study of several medical conditions. The peculiar epidemiology of mood disorders and suicide across Sardinian sub-regions has long intrigued clinicians and researchers. OBJECTIVE The principal aim of the present study was to test whether the geographical distribution of suicides committed in Sardinian over the last three decades are comparable with the geographical origin of patients hospitalized up to half a century ago. METHOD The distribution of the municipalities of origin of the patients hospitalized in Sardinia between 1901 and 1964 for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression was reanalyzed and compared with the distribution of municipalities where suicides were committed between 1980 and 2013. Data were also analyzed by the altitude above the sea level and by the population size of the municipalities. RESULTS There was a significant variation of hospitalization and suicide rates across Sardinian sub-regions. The sub-regions of origin of the patients hospitalized for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder correlated with each other (P = 0.047). Both hospitalizations and suicides were more incident in municipalities with a higher altitude and a smaller population size. The incidence of hospitalizations and suicides correlated significantly with each other both at the municipality (P = 1.86 x 10-7) and at the sub-region level (P = 1.71 x 10-7). CONCLUSION The present study confirms the peculiar geographical distribution of major psychoses and suicide in Sardinia. The two phenomena appear to have been correlated for as long as one century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bocchetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Traccis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Wilkins LK, Girard TA, Herdman KA, Christensen BK, King J, Kiang M, Bohbot VD. Hippocampal activation and memory performance in schizophrenia depend on strategy use in a virtual maze. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 268:1-8. [PMID: 28780430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies may be spontaneously adopted to solve most navigation tasks. These strategies are associated with dissociable brain systems. Here, we use brain-imaging and cognitive tasks to test the hypothesis that individuals living with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) have selective impairment using a hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation strategy. Brain activation and memory performance were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the 4-on-8 virtual maze (4/8VM) task, a human analog of the rodent radial-arm maze that is amenable to both response-based (egocentric or landmark-based) and spatial (allocentric, cognitive mapping) strategies to remember and navigate to target objects. SSD (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) participants who adopted a spatial strategy performed more poorly on the 4/8VM task and had less hippocampal activation than healthy comparison participants using either strategy as well as SSD participants using a response strategy. This study highlights the importance of strategy use in relation to spatial cognitive functioning in SSD. Consistent with a selective-hippocampal dependent deficit in SSD, these results support the further development of protocols to train impaired hippocampal-dependent abilities or harness non-hippocampal dependent intact abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K Wilkins
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Todd A Girard
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3.
| | | | - Bruce K Christensen
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jelena King
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique D Bohbot
- Douglas Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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