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Tsui YW, Tsai CY, Chen HC. Microsurgical Debridement for Persistent Ulcers Due to Rare Fungus Infection: Case Report and Literature Review. Arch Plast Surg 2024; 51:135-138. [PMID: 38425853 PMCID: PMC10901585 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-8413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A patient suffered from chronic ulcer due to recalcitrant fungal infection for 3.5 years. Five antifungal agents and 40 times of debridement-all failed. Finally, radical microscopic debridement was performed for eradication of fungal conidiospores. Since then, there was no recurrence at 2 years of follow-up. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is one of the rarest pathogens of cutaneous fungal infections, for which multidrug resistance increased the complexity and difficulty of treatment. Radical excision, especially microscopic debridement, was the key for eradication of fungal conidiospores in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Tsui
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tsai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bonnet SI, Blisnick T, Al Khoury C, Guillot J. Of fungi and ticks: Morphological and molecular characterization of fungal contaminants of a laboratory-reared Ixodes ricinus colony. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101732. [PMID: 33992909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Establishing and maintaining tick colonies in the laboratory is essential for studying their biology and pathogen transmission, or for the development of new tick control methods. Due to their requirement for very high humidity, these laboratory-bred colonies are frequently subject to fungal contamination. In the present study, we aimed to identify the fungal species that contaminated a laboratory-reared colony of Ixodes ricinus through microscopic observation and molecular identification. We identified three different taxa isolated from the ticks: Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium steckii, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. These three species are usually regarded as environmental saprophytic molds but both direct and indirect evidence suggest that they could also be considered as entomopathogenic fungi. Although we do not have any direct evidence that the fungi isolated from I. ricinus in this study could cause lethal infections in ticks, we observed that once infected, heavy fungal growth coupled with very high mortality rates suggest that studying the entomopathogenic potential of these fungi could be relevant to biological tick control.
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Foote BC, Smith JS, Bowden AC, Allbaugh RA, Sebbag L. Case Report: Successful Management of Refractory Keratomycosis in an Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty and Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% and Terbinafine 1%). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:644074. [PMID: 33791355 PMCID: PMC8006453 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a common disease in certain parts of the world and affects several species, including equids, camelids, and homo sapiens, leading to blindness or loss of the eye if the infection is not adequately controlled. Reports of clinical use of antifungals caspofungin and terbinafine are limited across both veterinary and human medical literature. The alpaca presented in this case demonstrates that deep keratomycosis can be caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Fusarium verticillioides, two previously unreported fungi to cause keratomycosis in camelids. This report demonstrates successful management with a combination of surgery and topical ophthalmic treatment with caspofungin 0.5% solution and terbinafine 1% dermatologic cream, after initially failing treatment with topical voriconazole 1% solution. Combination therapy appears more effective than monotherapy with some fungal organisms, and synergy between antifungal agents is thought to play a role in the success of combination therapy. Surgery to remove the bulk of the fungal infection is especially helpful in cases that fail initial medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braidee C Foote
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joe S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anna Catherine Bowden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Baptista PM, Vieira R, Monteiro S, Abreu AC, Gomes M, Pinto MDC. Keratitis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Fungus After LASIK - A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:107-110. [PMID: 33633469 PMCID: PMC7900443 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s299454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a rare case of an interface filamentous fungal keratitis and its successful clinical approach and management. Patients and Methods Retrospective case report. Analysis of the patient’s clinical records. Results A healthy 30-year-old woman presenting with complaints of blurred vision, photophobia and intense pain, was previously diagnosed with a suspected unilateral diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis surgery, and accordingly treated with a scheme of oral and subconjunctival corticosteroids. Due to worsening of symptoms, the patient was later referred to our ophthalmology department. Upon examination, a corneal infiltration was observed and a fungal infection was suspected. Treatment with fortified Voriconazole (1%) was initiated and both topical and oral corticosteroids were tapered. The infiltrate resolved after 6 weeks of antifungal topical treatment. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was isolated on culture media. At the end of follow-up, the uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 with mild scarring. Conclusion Scopulariopsis brevicaulis can be associated with post-laser in situ keratomileusis interface infection. A quick intervention may dictate a good outcome, when combining early suspicion and microbiological diagnosis, and an appropriate conservative management. Furthermore, Voriconazole seems to be effective and safe in the treatment of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Baptista
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Vieira
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Monteiro
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Abreu
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gomes
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Pinto
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Park J, Kwon W, Hong SB, Han KH. First Record of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Saprotrophic and Opportunistic Human Pathogenic Fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Mycobiology 2020; 48:528-531. [PMID: 33312021 PMCID: PMC7717690 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1823554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a widely distributed soil fungus known as a common saprotroph of biodegradation. It is also an opportunistic human pathogen that can produce various secondary metabolites. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of S. brevicaulis isolated from air in South Korea. Total length of the mitochondrial genome is 28,829 bp and encoded 42 genes (15 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and 25 tRNAs). Nucleotide sequence of coding region takes over 26.2%, and overall GC content is 27.6%. Phylogenetic trees present that S. brevicaulis is clustered with Lomentospora prolificans with presenting various mitochondrial genome length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsun Park
- Infoboss Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kwon
- Infoboss Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap-Hoon Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The incidence of non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis has been increasing worldwide for the past several decades, but it is not well recognized in Japan. Recent molecular techniques and phylogenetic analyses contributed to the identification of uncommon and emerging species. We came across 13 (0.5%) cases of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis among a total of 2,591 onychomycosis cases in 106,703 outpatients during the past 5 years (January 2015-December 2019). The cases included 5 patients with Aspergillus species, 4 patients with Fusarium species, and one patient each with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Botryosphaeria dothidea, respectively. Botryosphaeria dothidea is closely related phylogenetically to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. In Japan, at the time of writing this report, there are 26 reported cases of ungual aspergillosis and 18 cases of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium species. We summarize these cases and report the symptoms and mycological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Noguchi
- Noguchi Dermatology Clinic.,Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology
| | - Tadahiko Matsumoto
- Noguchi Dermatology Clinic.,Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology
| | - Utako Kimura
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology.,Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
| | | | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Martin-Vicente A, Guarro J, Capilla J. Does a triple combination have better activity than double combinations against multiresistant fungi? Experimental in vitro evaluation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:422-426. [PMID: 28257903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro interactions of amphotericin B (AmB), voriconazole (VRC) and anidulafungin (AFG) in double and triple combinations against four species of multiresistant fungi (Fusarium solani, Lomentospora prolificans, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Scopulariopsis brumptii) were evaluated. In general, AmB combined with AFG was the most synergistic, especially against F. solani (7/8; 87.5%) when low concentrations of AmB were used, i.e. 0.125-0.5 µg/mL. The least active combination was AmB + VRC, with the lowest percentage of synergy against S. brevicaulis (2/11; 18.2%) and, in general, high concentrations of both antifungals were needed to achieve synergy. The triple combination was also highly synergistic against F. solani and S. brevicaulis, especially when the lowest concentrations of AmB were used, suggesting that use of combined therapies would reduce the toxicity of therapy. The triple combination was more effective than the double combinations in some cases, but not against all strains, suggesting that administration of three drugs is not always useful in the treatment of infections due to multiresistant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Martin-Vicente
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç, 21.43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç, 21.43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç, 21.43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
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Macura AB, Skóra M. 21-year retrospective study of the prevalence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in patients suspected of superficial mycoses. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2015; 32:189-94. [PMID: 26161060 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the genus Scopulariopsis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is the most common aetiological agent of infections in humans. It usually affects nails and is one of the commonest moulds associated with onychomycoses. Other forms of infections (skin, subcutaneous, deep tissues, and disseminated infections) have also been described. AIM To examine the prevalence of S. brevicaulis in clinical materials obtained from patients suspected of keratinized tissues mycoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis of the prevalence of S. brevicaulis in clinical specimens was based on mycological test's results carried out for patients who were referred with a suspicion of superficial mycoses to the Department of Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College from 1992 till 2012. RESULTS In the years 1992-2012 16,815 clinical samples (nail scrapings, nail swabs, skin scrapings, skin swabs, hair) were collected. Pathogenic fungi were detected in 7193 samples and S. brevicaulis was present in 255 (3.5%). The prevalence of S. brevicaulis in males and females was comparable. The species was most often isolated from toenails (80%), both from males and females. In the analysed period we observed a decrease in the prevalence of S. brevicaulis. In most cases (60%) S. brevicaulis occurred alone in 40% of S. brevicaulis positive cultures, other fungi were also isolated. The fungi most frequently isolated with S. brevicaulis were Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Penicillium sp., Candida sp., and Aspergillus sp. CONCLUSIONS Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is not a common cause of superficial fungal infections of keratinized tissues, but is a typical mould associated with toenail onychomycosis. A proper identification of this species in onychomycoses is essential for the implementation of effective antifungal therapy.
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Boriová K, Cerňanský S, Matúš P, Bujdoš M, Simonovičová A. Bioaccumulation and biovolatilization of various elements using filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:217-23. [PMID: 24712346 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biovolatilization and bioaccumulation capabilities of different elements by microscopic filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were observed. Accumulation of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Sb(III), Sb(V), Te(IV), Te(VI), Hg(II), Tl(I) and Bi(III) by S. brevicaulis was quantified by analysing the amount of elements in biomass of the fungus using ICP AAS. The highest amounts of bioaccumulated metal(loid)s were obtained as follows: Bi(III) > Te(IV) > Hg(II) > Se(IV) > Te(VI) > Sb(III) at different initial contents, with Bi(III) accumulation approximately 87%. The highest percentages of volatilization were found using Hg(II) (50%) and Se(IV) (46·5%); it was also demonstrated with all studied elements. This proved the biovolatilization ability of microscopic fungi under aerobic conditions. The highest removed amount was observed using Hg(II) (95·30%), and more than 80% of Se(IV), Te(IV), Bi(III) and Hg(II) was removed by bioaccumulation and biovolatilization, which implies the possibilities of use of these processes for bioremediations. There were reported significant differences between bioaccumulation and biovolatilization of almost all applied metal(loid)s if valence is mentioned. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microbial accumulation and volatilization are natural processes involved in biogeochemical cycles of elements. Despite their impact on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of various metal(loid)s, only few papers deal with these processes under aerobic conditions with microscopic fungi. Thus, the proving of ability of microscopic fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis to accumulate and transform metals and metalloids by methylation or alkylation and quantification of these processes were demonstrated. The results can provide basic information on natural elements cycling and background for more specific studies focusing, for example, on application of these processes in mitigation of metal(loid) contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boriová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lee MH, Hwang SM, Suh MK, Ha GY, Kim H, Park JY. Onychomycosis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: report of two cases. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:209-13. [PMID: 22577275 PMCID: PMC3346915 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes, but some nondermatophytic molds and yeasts are also associated with invasion of nails. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a nondermatophytic mold found in soil as a saprophyte. We report two cases of onychomycosis caused by S. brevicaulis in a 48-year-old male and a 79-year-old female. The two patients presented with a typical distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. Direct microscopic examination of the potassium hydroxide preparation revealed fungal elements. From toenail lesions of the patients, brown colonies with powdery surface, which are a characteristic of S. brevicaulis, were cultured on two Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates. Three cultures taken from nail plates within a 2-week interval yielded similar findings. Numerous branched conidiophores with chains of rough walled, lemon-shaped conidia were observed in slide culture by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer for the two clinical isolates were identical to that of S. brevicaulis strain WM 04.498. To date, a total of 13 cases of S. brevicaulis onychomycosis including the two present cases have been reported in Korea. Mean age of the patients was 46.1 years, with a higher prevalence in males (69.2%). Toenail involvement was observed in all cases including a case involving both fingernail and toenail. The most frequent clinical presentation was distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis in 12 cases, while one case was proximal subungual onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
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