1
|
Su P, Yue H, Zhang W, Tomy GT, Yin F, Sun D, Ding Y, Li Y, Feng D. Application of a fugacity model to estimate emissions and environmental fate of ship stack PAHs in Shanghai, China. Chemosphere 2021; 281:130710. [PMID: 34000654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The understandings of environmental activities and regional inventory of ship stack PAHs are very limited in Shanghai due, in part, to the lack of source-segregated analysis. To address this, measured PAHs in organic film on ship surfaces were employed to reconstruct concentrations in various compartments through a fugacity model to investigate the level, transport, fate and annual emission of ship stack PAHs in Shanghai. The results revealed that ship stack PAHs results in 11.2-181 ng L-1 and 71.0-1710 ng g-1 in water and sediment of Shanghai, respectively. After being released into air, ship stack PAHs mainly concentrated in organic films and sediments while sunk in water and sediment. Crucial mass transfer pathways include deposition of airborne and sediment PAHs. The mass loss of ship stack PAHs was primarily through air advection, followed by degradation in sediment. The ship emissions (53.7 tons annually) accounted for approximate one tenth of the regional total in Shanghai (in 2017). Additionally, shipping was estimated to release 127 tons of PAHs annually into the Shanghai section of Yangtze River. Our results suggest our fugacity-based approach can be used to estimate the regional emissions and inventory of ship stack PAHs in the surrounding environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China.
| | - Hanlu Yue
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Daolun Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| |
Collapse
|