The next wave of interactomics: Mapping the SLiM-based interactions of the intrinsically disordered proteome

Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are a unique and ubiquitous class of protein interaction modules that perform key regulatory functions and drive dynamic complex formation. For decades, interactions mediated by SLiMs have accumulated through detailed low-throughput experiments. Recent methodological advances have opened this previously underexplored area of the human interactome to high-throughput protein-protein interaction discovery. In this article, we discuss that SLiM-based interactions represent a significant blind spot in the current interactomics data, introduce the key methods that are illuminating the elusive SLiM-mediated interactome of the human cell on a large scale, and discuss the implications for the field.

Molecular mimicry of host short linear motif-mediated interactions utilised by viruses for entry

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on host cellular machinery for performing even basic biological functions. One of the many ways they achieve this is through molecular mimicry, wherein the virus mimics a host sequence or structure, thereby being able to hijack the host's physiological interactions for its pathogenesis. Such adaptations are specific recognitions that often confer tissue and species-specific tropisms to the virus, and enable the virus to utilise previously existing host signalling networks, which ultimately aid in further steps of viral infection, such as entry, immune evasion and spread. A common form of sequence mimicry utilises short linear motifs (SLiMs). SLiMs are short-peptide sequences that mediate transient interactions and are major elements in host protein interaction networks. This work is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of current literature of some well-characterised SLiMs that play a role in the attachment and entry of viruses into host cells, which mimic physiological receptor-ligand interactions already present in the host. Considering recent trends in emerging diseases, further research on such motifs involved in viral entry can help in the discovery of previously unknown cellular receptors utilised by viruses, as well as help in the designing of targeted therapeutics such as vaccines or inhibitors directed towards these interactions.