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Feng F, Li T, Liang Y, Gao W, Yang L. Structural changes and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of interferon-γ after interaction with sinensetin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126392. [PMID: 37595707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the interaction of small molecules with therapeutic proteins can provide useful information about development of ligand-protein complexes as synergistically therapeutic platforms. In this study, the interaction of sinensetin with human interferon gamma (IFNγ) was evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Also, the synergistic effects of IFNγ- sinensetin complex on the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell proliferation were assessed by cell viability and quantitative real time PCR assays. It was realized that sinensetin interacts with IFNγ through a static quenching mechanism and hydrophobic forces mediated by presence of Lys55 and Lys58 amino acid residues in the binding site were the main contributing forces in the spontaneous formation of IFNγ-sinensetin complex. Also, the interaction of sinensetin with IFNγ did not induce a significant change in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Cellular assays revealed a synergistic effect of sinensetin on IFNγ -triggered anticancer action in HepG2 cells through overexpression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, this study may hold great promise for the development of potential ligand- protein complexes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiehua Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China.
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Zhang M, Jiang H, Ou S, Qian M, Qi H, Chen J, Zeng X, Bai W, Xiao G. Dietary sinensetin and polymethoxyflavonoids: Bioavailability and potential metabolic syndrome-related bioactivity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37283048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sinensetin is among the most ubiquitous polyphenols in citrus fruit and recently has been extensively studied for its ability to prevent or treat diseases. The current literature on the bioavailability of sinensetin and its derivatives was reviewed and the potential ameliorative effects of metabolic syndrome in humans were evaluated. Sinensetin and its derivatives mainly aggregated in the large intestine and extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM) and the liver. So intestinal microorganisms had a significant influence on the absorption and metabolism of sinensetin. Interestingly, not only GM acted on sinensetin to metabolize them, but sinensetin also regulated the composition of GM. Thus, sinensetin was metabolized as methyl, glucuronide and sulfate metabolites in the blood and urine. Furthermore, sinensetin was reported to have the beneficial effect of ameliorating metabolic syndromes, including disorders of lipid metabolism (obesity, NAFLD, atherosclerosis), glucose metabolism disorder (insulin resistant) and inflammation, in terms of improving the composition of intestinal flora and modulating metabolic pathway factors in relevant tissues. The present work strongly elucidated the potential mechanism of sinensetin in improving metabolic disorders and supported the contribution of sinensetin to health benefits, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by sinensetin in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutang Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobi Ou
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heming Qi
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Wang X, Lin J, Wang R, Zhang B, Zhang X, He W, Gao F, Song D, Zhao K, Guan J. Natural flavonoid sinensetin inhibits cisplatin-induced pyroptosis and attenuates intestinal injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166637. [PMID: 36638874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand of exploring strategies to enhance chemotherapy drug efficacy and alleviate adverse effects by using natural compounds is increasing. Sinensetin (SIN) is a kind of natural flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activities. However, its protective impact on chemotherapy-induced adverse effects has not been well demonstrated. Here, we found that SIN could inhibit Cisplatin-induced release of proinflammatory cellular contents and inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. In addition, Cisplatin-induced activation of gasdermin E (GSDME), a critical mediator of chemotherapy-induced tissue injury, could also be reversed by SIN. Furthermore, SIN impaired Cisplatin-induced intracellular damages, including ROS release and DNA damages. Importantly, SIN was able to alleviate intestinal injury in Cisplatin-challenged mice, which was accompanied by the decrease of lytic cell death and immune cell infiltration. Of note, SIN administration did not reverse Cisplatin-caused tumor suppression in vivo. In conclusion, our result provides a potential application of SIN to reduce Cisplatin-caused adverse effects, without impairing its anti-tumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Renling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Deguang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
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Zhi Z, Tang X, Wang Y, Chen R, Ji H. Sinensetin Attenuates Amyloid Beta 25-35-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells Through the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3012-3024. [PMID: 34309775 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sinensetin (SIN) is an important active compound that exists widely in citrus plants, and has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. This study was designed to examine whether SIN can protect against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that pretreatment with SIN for 1 h, followed by co-treatment with Aβ plus SIN for 24 h, attenuated Aβ25-35-induced cell viability reduction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Aβ25-35-induced upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 subunit were inhibited by pretreatment with SIN. Furthermore, the protective effect of SIN was abrogated by TLR4 overexpression. Hence, our data suggested that SIN attenuated Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Zhi
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Hongze Huai'an District People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Ji
- Department of Neurology, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Lianshui County People's Hospital, 6 Hongri Avenue East, Lianshui County, Huai'an, 223400, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Liu D, Cao X, Kong Y, Mu T, Liu J. Inhibitory mechanism of sinensetin on α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation: Insights from spectroscopy and molecular docking analyses. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:259-267. [PMID: 33115652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation is regarded as an effective method to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and its complications. In this study, the inhibition of sinensetin on α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation was studied with multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking analysis. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy analysis indicated that sinensetin quenched the endogenous fluorescence of α-glucosidase in static manner. The binding of sinensetin with α-glucosidase was a spontaneous process primarily driven by hydrophobic interaction. At 298 K, the binding constant was (5.70 ± 0.12) × 104 L·mol-1 and the binding site number was 1. The conformation of α-glucosidase was altered by sinensetin, which was revealed by circular dichroism (CD), FTIR spectra, synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy methods. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that sinensetin interacted with the amino acid residues of α-glucosidase, which might prevent the entrance of substrate, leading to the decrease of catalytic efficiency of α-glucosidase. Furthermore, glycation assays showed that sinensetin stabilized the structure of bovine serum albumins (BSA), interacted with BSA, strongly inhibited the formation of dityrosine, N'-formylkynurenine and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study provided useful information concerning sinensetin preventing and treating type 2 diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yuchi Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Teng Mu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Li J, Jie X, Liang X, Chen Z, Xie P, Pan X, Zhou B, Li J. Sinensetin suppresses influenza a virus-triggered inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signalings. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32370749 PMCID: PMC7200050 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory system infected with influenza A virus (IAV) elicited a robust pro-inflammatory response that resulted in severe illness and even death. Currently, limited immunomodulator is available to counteract IAV-associated pneumonia in the clinic. Sinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone with five methoxy groups, has been found to possess anti-agiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the effects of sinensetin on IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding possible mechanism of sinensetin in IAV-infected A549 cells were subjected to investigations. Methods The cytotoxic effects of sinensetin towards A549 cells was detected by MTT and LDH assays. The antiviral activity of sinensetin against influenza A virus was assayed in A549 cells with an engineered replication-competent influenza A virus carrying Gaussia luciferase reporter gene infection. The effect of sinensetin on influenza A virus-triggered inflammatory reaction was determined by qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, ELISA and Western blot. Results Our results showed that sinensetin did not exhibit antiviral activity against A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Meanwhile, sinensetin treatment significantly decreased IAV-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators at mRNA and protein levels, including IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-8 and MCP-1. Additionally, levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the downstream product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulated by IAV infection were dramatically suppressed by sinensetin. The mechanistic investigation revealed that sinensetin treatment suppressed the NF-κB transcriptional activity using the NF-κB reporter stable HEK293 cell line stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) or influenza H1N1 virus. Furthermore, sinensetin abrogated influenza H1N1 virus-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicated that sinensetin has potential capacity to attenuate IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response via inactivation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings, which implied that sinensetin may be a promising candidate drug for influenza H1N1 virus infection therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Huadu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510800, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jie
- Huizhou third people's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 516002, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Peifang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China.
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Deipenbrock M, Hensel A. Polymethoxylated flavones from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves as antiadhesive compounds against uropathogenic E. coli. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104387. [PMID: 31678632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous and acetone extracts of O. stamineus leaves reduce the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, strain UTI89) to T24 bladder cells significantly (IC25 ~ 524 mg/mL, resp. 40 μg/mL). The acteonic extract had no cytotoxic effects against UPEC in concentrations that inhibited the bacterial adhesion. The extract significantly reduced the gene expression of fimH, fimC, fimD, csgA and focG, which are strongly involved in the formation of bacterial adhesins. The antiadhesive effect was due to the presence of polymethoxylated flavones, enriched in the acetonic extract. Five flavones have been isolated by fast centrifugal partition chromatography, followed by preparative HPLC. Eupatorin, ladanein, salvigenin, sinensetin, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone were identified as the main polymethoxylated flavones. With the exception of eupatorin, all of these flavones reduced the bacterial adhesion in a concentration depending manner, indicating that B-ring hydroxylation and methoxylation seems to have a major impact on the antiadhesive activity. In addition, this was confirmed by investigation of the flavones chrysoeriol and diosmetin, which had only very weak antiadhesive activity. From these data, Orthosiphon extracts can be assessed to have a pronounced antiadhesive activity against UPEC, based on a variety of polymethoxylated flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Deipenbrock
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Kim JA, Kim SM, Ha SE, Vetrivel P, Saralamma VVG, Kim EH, Kim GS. Sinensetin regulates age-related sarcopenia in cultured primary thigh and calf muscle cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:287. [PMID: 31660942 PMCID: PMC6819389 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults. Flavonoids might have potential benefits by modulating the regulation of satellite cells, thus preventing muscle loss. Sinensetin (SIN), a citrus methylated flavone with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity, can enhance lipolysis. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SIN might have sarcopenia-suppressing effect on satellite cells from thigh and calf muscle tissues of young and old rats. Methods Primary muscle cells were obtained from thigh and calf tissues of young and old group rats by dissection. Obtained satellite cells were incubated with indicated concentrations of SIN (50 and 100 μM) treated and untreated condition in differentiation medium. Morphological changes of cells were examined using a phase-contrast microscope. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were analyzed by Western blot. Cells treated with or without SIN under differentiation condition were also immunocytochemically stained for myogenin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Results Morphologically, the differentiation extracted satellite cells was found to be more evident in SIN treated group of aged rat′s cells than that in SIN untreated group. Expression levels of myoD and myogenin proteins involved in myogenesis were increased upon treatment with SIN. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that SIN can alleviate age-related sarcopenia by increasing differentiation rate and protein levels of myoD and myogenin.
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Nakanishi M, Hino M, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Nomoto H. Identification of sinensetin and nobiletin as major antitrypanosomal factors in a citrus cultivar. Exp Parasitol 2019; 200:24-29. [PMID: 30898543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cases of human African trypanosomiasis caused by infection with a protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, are decreasing due to enhanced surveillance and control. However, effective and safe treatments for this disease are still needed. In this study, we investigated the antitrypanosomal activity of citrus fruit peel. When 19 citrus cultivars were examined for activity against T. brucei in vitro, significant activities were observed in four closely related cultivars and a distantly related one. Among these five cultivars, "Setoka" was selected for identification of its active components due to exhibiting the highest activity. Solvent extraction and gel filtration followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography succeeded in isolating two compounds exhibiting IC50s of 4.8 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. The spectral data of these two compounds were well consistent with those of sinensetin and nobiletin belonging to the class of polymethoxyflavones. Authentic compounds also showed similar IC50s. These results indicate that the two polymethoxyflavones are the major active components involved in the inhibition of T. brucei proliferation and are abundant in Setoka cultivar peel compared with the levels in the other cultivars. Setoka peel and the naturally occurring polymethoxyflavones might serve as dietary components imparting resistance to T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Mami Hino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
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