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Lyudinina AY, Bushmanova EA, Varlamova NG, Bojko ER. Dietary and plasma blood α-linolenic acid as modulators of fat oxidation and predictors of aerobic performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:57. [PMID: 33198755 PMCID: PMC7670702 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the most important is α-linolenic acid (ALA). The biological activity of ALA is not equivalent to that of the long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and it has pleiotropic effects, such as functioning as an energy substrate during long-term training when carbohydrate reserves are depleted. The purpose of this investigation was to study the link between the essential dietary and plasma ALA and aerobic performance, which is estimated via maximal fat oxidation (MFO), among skiers. Methods Twenty-four highly trained male athletes from the Russian cross-country skiing team participated in the study. ALA intake was determined by an original program used to assess the actual amount and frequency of fat consumption. The plasma level of ALA was determined using gas-liquid chromatography. The skiers’ aerobic performance was estimated via MFO and determined by indirect calorimetry using the system “Oxycon Pro”. Results The consumption of ALA in the diet in half of the skiers was below the recommended level at 0.5 ± 0.2 g/day. The deficiency of plasma ALA levels was on average 0.2 ± 0.1 Mol% for almost all participants. The consumption of ALA in the diet and its level in plasma were associated with MFO (rs = 0.507, p = 0.011; rs = 0.460, p = 0.023). Levels of ALA in plasma (p = 0.0523) and the consumption of ALA in the diet (p = 0.0039) were associated with high aerobic performance. Conclusions ALA in the diet of the athletes may be used as nutritional support to increase MFO and aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Y Lyudinina
- Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya str. 50, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Bushmanova
- Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya str. 50, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nina G Varlamova
- Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya str. 50, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgeny R Bojko
- Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya str. 50, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Aminoff AS, Agnvall C, Todd C, Jónasson P, Thoreson O, Sansone M, Swärd L, Karlsson J, Baranto A. Young elite Alpine and Mogul skiers have a higher prevalence of cam morphology than non-athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1262-1269. [PMID: 30367199 PMCID: PMC7148273 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of cam morphology in (1) a group of young elite Mogul and Alpine skiers compared with non-athletes and (2) between the sexes. METHOD The hip joints of 87 subjects [n = 61 young elite skiers (29 females and 32 males) and n = 26 non-athletes (17 females and 9 males)] were examined using MRI, for measurements of the presence of cam morphology (α-angle ≥ 55). RESULTS The skiers had a significantly higher prevalence of cam morphology compared with the non-athletes (49% vs 19%, p = 0.009). A significant difference (p < 0.001) was also found between females and males, where 22% of the females and 61% of the males had cam morphology. Among the skiers, there was also a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the sexes, where 28% of the females and 68% of the males had cam morphology. This difference between the sexes was not found in the non-athletic group. No significant differences were found between Mogul and Alpine skiers. CONCLUSION Young male elite skiers have a higher prevalence of cam morphology of the hips compared with non-athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Swärd Aminoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Åre Hälsocentral, Box 25, 830 14, Åre, Sweden.
| | | | - Carl Todd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Olof Thoreson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sansone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Swärd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jon Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bäumlein M, Hanke A, Gueorguiev B, Nerlich M, Liodakis E, Perren T, Rillmann P, Ryf C, Loibl M. Long-term outcome after surgical treatment of intra-articular tibial plateau fractures in skiers. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:951-959. [PMID: 30864087 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tibial plateau fractures occur frequently during downhill skiing. There is a lack of information about the outcome and development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after internal fixation of such fractures at long-term follow-up in skiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population of 83 skiers was followed up in a case series after internal fixation of intra-articular tibial plateau fractures AO-OTA 41 B1-B3 and C1-C3. Functional outcomes Visual Analog Scale, Tegner Activity Scale, Modified Lysholm Score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score and X-ray images of the affected knees (preoperative, postoperative and at time of follow-up) were obtained. Radiological evaluation focused on severity of osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren and Lawrence score of the lateral, medial and retropatellar knee compartments separately. Subgroup analyses for fracture type and age were performed separately. RESULTS Patients age was 49.8 ± 12.9 years (range 19-74 years) at the time of surgery, with a mean follow-up period of 10.3 ± 1.9 years (range 6-14 years). All tibial plateau fractures affected the lateral compartment, while the medial compartment was affected in addition as part of bicondylar fractures in two cases. Both the Tegener Activity Scale and Lysholm Score decreased significantly during the follow-up period and their median values dropped from 6 (range 3-7) to 5 (range 2-7) and from 100 (range 90-100) to 95 (range 58-100), respectively (both p < .01). The median clinical knee function at the time of follow-up revealed an HSS Knee Score of 96.5 points (range 74-100). Among the whole patient population, the radiological evaluation at follow-up revealed a significantly higher grade of osteoarthritis in all compartments of the knee joint compared to the time of the operation (p < .01). The grade of osteoarthritis in the lateral compartment was significantly higher than that in the medial and retropatellar compartments (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS In addition to physiologic aging, progression of radiologic signs of osteoarthritis following internal fixation of intra-articular tibial plateau fractures in an athletic population of skiers is most severe in the lateral knee compartment corresponding to fracture location. However, the long-term functional outcomes seem to be very satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bäumlein
- Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Baldinger Str., 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Hanke
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Nerlich
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Perren
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Paavo Rillmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ryf
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Markus Loibl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Todd C, Aminoff AS, Agnvall C, Thoreson O, Swärd L, Karlsson J, Baranto A. No difference in prevalence of spine and hip pain in young Elite skiers. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:1959-1965. [PMID: 29204863 PMCID: PMC6061433 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence between back and hip pain in young Elite skiers. METHODS Sample group (n = 102), consisted of young Elite skiers (n = 75) and age-matched non-athletes (n = 27), all completed a three-part back and hip pain questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index and EuroQoL to evaluate general health, activity level, back and hip pain prevalence. RESULTS No significant differences were shown for lifetime prevalence of back pain in the skiers (50%) compared with controls (44%) (n.s.). Duration of back pain for the skiers showed (30%) > 1 year, whilst (46%) > 5 years. A significant difference was shown with increased Visual Analogue Scale back pain levels for skiers 5.3 (SD 3.1) compared with controls 2.4 (SD 1.9, p = 0.025). No significant differences were shown for lifetime prevalence of hip pain in skiers (21%) compared with controls (8%) (n.s.). CONCLUSION Young Elite skiers are shown not to have increased lifetime prevalence for back and hip pain compared with a non-athletic control group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Todd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden.
- The Carl Todd Clinic, 5 Pickwick Park, Park Lane, Corsham, SN13 0HN, UK.
| | - Anna Swärd Aminoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Agnvall
- Sportsmedicine Åre and Åre Ski High School, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Thoreson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Swärd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Jon Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göthenburg, Sweden
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Witwit WA, Kovac P, Sward A, Agnvall C, Todd C, Thoreson O, Hebelka H, Baranto A. Disc degeneration on MRI is more prevalent in young elite skiers compared to controls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:325-332. [PMID: 28409199 PMCID: PMC5754419 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence-based facts regarding spine abnormalities and back pain are needed in order to develop rehabilitation programs and prevent spine injuries in young skiers. The aim therefore is to identify MRI changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine and the lifetime prevalence of back pain, as well as the association between them, in young skiers compared to non-athletes. METHODS Seventy-five young elite alpine and mogul skiers, age range 16-20 years, were compared with 27 non-athletic controls. All subjects underwent spinal MRI and answered back pain questionnaires. RESULTS Fifty-six percent of skiers had at least one disc Pfirrmann grade ≥3 compared to 30% of controls (p = 0.027). Schmorl's nodes (46%) and disc height reduction (37%) were significantly more prevalent in skiers compared to controls (0%) (p < 0.001). When all parameters were combined together, skiers had significantly higher rate of radiological changes than controls, 82% compared to 54% (p = 0.007). The mean number of discs with Pfirrmann grade ≥3 was 1.1 per individual in skiers (median 1, range 0-6) versus 0.6 in controls (median 0, range 0-3). There was no significant difference in lifetime prevalence of back pain between skiers (50%) and controls (44%) (n.s.). MRI abnormalities in skiers did not correlate with lifetime prevalence of back pain. Skiers had a better health perception than controls (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Alpine skiers have more degenerative disc changes compared to non-athletes, but these changes do not correlate with the lifetime prevalence of back pain. Lifetime prevalence of back pain is not significantly different between the groups; however, skiers report more severe pain on VAS score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam A. Witwit
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Kovac
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sward
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Agnvall
- Sportsmedicine Åre and Åre Ski High School, Ostersund, Sweden
| | - Carl Todd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Thoreson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sun H, Samra NS, Kalakoti P, Sharma K, Patra DP, Dossani RH, Thakur JD, Disbrow EA, Phan K, Veeranki SP, Pabaney A, Notarianni C, Owings JT, Nanda A. Impact of Prehospital Transportation on Survival in Skiers and Snowboarders with Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2017; 104:909-918.e8. [PMID: 28559075 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prehospital helicopter use and its impact on outcomes in snowboarders and skiers incurring traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown. The present study investigates the association of helicopter transport with survival of snowboarders and skiers with TBI, in comparison with ground emergency medical services (EMS), by using data derived from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2014). METHODS Primary and secondary endpoints were defined as in-hospital survival and absolute risk reduction based upon number needed to transport (treat) respectively. Multivariable regression models including traditional logit model, model fitted with generalized estimating equations, and those incorporating results from propensity score matching methods were used to investigate the association of helicopter transport with survival compared with ground EMS. RESULTS Of the 1018 snowboarders and skiers who met the criteria, 360 (35.4%) were transported via helicopters whereas 658 (64.6%) via ground EMS with a mortality rate of 1.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Multivariable log-binomial models demonstrated association of prehospital helicopter transport with increased survival (odds ratio 8.58; 95% confidence interval 1.09-67.64; P = 0.041; absolute risk reduction: 10.06%). This finding persisted after propensity score matching (odds ratio 24.73; 95% confidence interval 5.74-152.55; P < 0.001). The corresponding absolute risk reduction implies that approximately 10 patients need to be transported via helicopter to save 1 life. CONCLUSIONS Based on our robust statistical analysis of retrospective data, our findings suggest prehospital helicopter transport improved survival in patients incurring TBI after snowboard- or ski-related falls compared with those transported via ground EMS. Policies directed at using helicopter services at remote winter resorts or ski or snowboarding locations should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Navdeep S Samra
- Department of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Piyush Kalakoti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Devi Prasad Patra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rimal H Dossani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jai Deep Thakur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Disbrow
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kevin Phan
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Barker St. Randwick, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sreenivas P Veeranki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aqueel Pabaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christina Notarianni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - John T Owings
- Department of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Yoo WG. Effect of pain-free range exercise on shoulder pain and range of motion in an amateur skier. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 28:3487-3488. [PMID: 28174479 PMCID: PMC5276788 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study prescribed pain-free range exercises for a female amateur skier who
complained of limitations in her shoulder range of motion, and pain caused by protective
spasms; the tester evaluated the effects of such exercise on pain. [Subject and Methods] A
23-year-old female who complained of pain of 3 weeks in duration in the right glenohumoral
and scapulothoracic joints was enrolled. [Results] After pain-free range exercises, the
visual analog pain score was 2 and the shoulder flexion and abduction angles improved
compared to the initial values. [Conclusion] Thus, this study suggests
muscle-strengthening exercises within the pain-free range, rather than simple pain
treatments, as therapy for acute muscle injuries in skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gyu Yoo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Republic of Korea
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