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Niba EET, Awano H, Nishimura N, Koide H, Matsuo M, Shinohara M. Differential metabolic secretion between mdx mouse-derived spindle cell sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas drives tumor type development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38646787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00523.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The dystrophin (DMD) gene is recognized for its significance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal and progressive skeletal muscle disease. Some DMD patients, as well as model mice with muscular dystrophy (mdx), spontaneously develop various types of tumors, among which rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prominent. By contrast, spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) has rarely been reported in patients or mdx mice. In this study, we aimed to use metabolomics to better understand the rarity of SCS development in mdx mice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to compare the metabolic profiles of spontaneously developed SCS and RMS tumors from mdx mice, and metabolite supplementation assays and silencing experiments were used to assess the effects of metabolic differences in SCS tumor-derived cells. The levels of 75 metabolites exhibited differences between RMS and SCS, 25 of which were significantly altered. Further characterization revealed downregulation of non-essential amino acids, including alanine, in SCS tumors. Alanine supplementation enhanced the growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion of SCS cells. Reduction of intracellular alanine via knockdown of the alanine transporter Slc1a5 reduced the growth of SCS cells. Lower metabolite secretion and reduced proliferation of SCS tumors may explain the lower detection rate of SCS in mdx mice. Targeting of alanine depletion pathways may have potential as a novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eko Tabe Niba
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core facilities, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku,, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, KOBE, Japan
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Krishnan KS, Billups B. ASC Transporters Mediate D-Serine Transport into Astrocytes Adjacent to Synapses in the Mouse Brain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050819. [PMID: 37238689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
D-serine is an important signalling molecule, which activates N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in conjunction with its fellow co-agonist, the neurotransmitter glutamate. Despite its involvement in plasticity and memory related to excitatory synapses, its cellular source and sink remain a question. We hypothesise that astrocytes, a type of glial cell that surrounds synapses, are likely candidates to control the extracellular concentration of D-Serine by removing it from the synaptic space. Using in situ patch clamp recordings and pharmacological manipulation of astrocytes in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampal brain slices, we investigated the transport of D-serine across the plasma membrane. We observed the D-serine-induced transport-associated currents upon puff-application of 10 mM D-serine on astrocytes. Further, O-benzyl-L-serine and trans-4-hydroxy-proline, known substrate inhibitors of the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT), reduced D-serine uptake. These results indicate that ASCT is a central mediator of astrocytic D-serine transport and plays a role in regulating its synaptic concentration by sequestration into astrocytes. Similar results were observed in astrocytes of the somatosensory cortex and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum, indicative of a general mechanism expressed across a range of brain areas. This removal of synaptic D-serine and its subsequent metabolic degradation are expected to reduce its extracellular availability, influencing NMDAR activation and NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian Krishnan
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brian Billups
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Sharma D, Yu Y, Shen L, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice. eLife 2021; 10:71595. [PMID: 34647520 PMCID: PMC8553342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is sequentially characterized by high rates of proliferation followed by increased protein and matrix synthesis, processes that require substantial amino acid acquisition and production. How osteoblasts obtain or maintain intracellular amino acid production is poorly understood. Here, we identify SLC1A5 as a critical amino acid transporter during bone development. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we show SLC1A5 acts cell autonomously to regulate protein synthesis and osteoblast differentiation. SLC1A5 provides both glutamine and asparagine which are essential for osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, glutamine and to a lesser extent asparagine support amino acid biosynthesis. Thus, osteoblasts depend on Slc1a5 to provide glutamine and asparagine, which are subsequently used to produce non-essential amino acids and support osteoblast differentiation and bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
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Shen L, Sharma D, Yu Y, Long F, Karner CM. Biphasic regulation of glutamine consumption by WNT during osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs251645. [PMID: 33262314 PMCID: PMC7823158 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are the principal bone-forming cells. As such, osteoblasts have enhanced demand for amino acids to sustain high rates of matrix synthesis associated with bone formation. The precise systems utilized by osteoblasts to meet these synthetic demands are not well understood. WNT signaling is known to rapidly stimulate glutamine uptake during osteoblast differentiation. Using a cell biology approach, we identified two amino acid transporters, γ(+)-LAT1 and ASCT2 (encoded by Slc7a7 and Slc1a5, respectively), as the primary transporters of glutamine in response to WNT. ASCT2 mediates the majority of glutamine uptake, whereas γ(+)-LAT1 mediates the rapid increase in glutamine uptake in response to WNT. Mechanistically, WNT signals through the canonical β-catenin (CTNNB1)-dependent pathway to rapidly induce Slc7a7 expression. Conversely, Slc1a5 expression is regulated by the transcription factor ATF4 downstream of the mTORC1 pathway. Targeting either Slc1a5 or Slc7a7 using shRNA reduced WNT-induced glutamine uptake and prevented osteoblast differentiation. Collectively, these data highlight the critical nature of glutamine transport for WNT-induced osteoblast differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Xue M, Hong W, Jiang J, Zhao F, Gao X. Circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 serves as an oncogene to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression by upregulating SLC1A5 through sponging miR-137. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1811-1822. [PMID: 32658600 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1789819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is still unclear whether circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 participated in the regulation of NSCLC progression. In this study, we found that circ-LDLRAD3 was high-expressed and miR-137 was low-expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts, which showed negative correlations in NSCLC tissues. Further experiments validated that miR-137 could be sponged and inhibited by circ-LDLRAD3 in NSCLC cells. In addition, knock-down of circ-LDLRAD3 and miR-137 overexpression promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Similarly, upregulation of circ-LDLRAD3 or miR-137 ablation had opposite effects on the above cell functions. Besides, the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 was validated to be the downstream target of circ-LDLRAD3 and miR-137, and upregulated circ-LDLRAD3 increased SLC1A5 expression levels by downregulating miR-137. Furthermore, the effects of downregulated circ-LDLRAD3 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and mobility were all reversed by knocking down miR-137 and overexpressing SLC1A5. Taken together, this in vitro study found that knock-down of circ-LDLRAD3 inhibited the development of NSCLC by regulating miR-137/SLC1A5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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Sengupta D, Cassel T, Teng KY, Aljuhani M, Chowdhary VK, Hu P, Zhang X, Fan TWM, Ghoshal K. Regulation of hepatic glutamine metabolism by miR-122. Mol Metab 2020; 34:174-186. [PMID: 32180557 PMCID: PMC7044666 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well established that the liver-specific miR-122, a bona fide tumor suppressor, plays a critical role in lipid homeostasis. However, its role, if any, in amino acid metabolism has not been explored. Since glutamine (Gln) is a critical energy and anaplerotic source for mammalian cells, we assessed Gln metabolism in control wild type (WT) mice and miR-122 knockout (KO) mice by stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) studies. Methods Six-to eight-week-old WT and KO mice and 12- to 15-month-old liver tumor-bearing mice were injected with [U–13C5,15N2]-L-Gln, and polar metabolites from the liver tissues were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC-MS). Gln-metabolism was also assessed in a Gln-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line (EC4). Expressions of glutaminases (Gls and Gls2) were analyzed in mouse livers and human primary HCC samples. Results The results showed that loss of miR-122 promoted glutaminolysis but suppressed gluconeogenesis in mouse livers as evident from the buildup of 13C- and/or 15N-Glu and decrease in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) levels, respectively, in KO livers. Enhanced glutaminolysis is consistent with the upregulation of expressions of Gls (kidney-type glutaminase) and Slc1a5, a neutral amino acid transporter in KO livers. Both Gls and Slc1a5 were confirmed as direct miR-122 targets by the respective 3′-UTR-driven luciferase assays. Importantly, expressions of Gls and Slc1a5 as well as glutaminase activity were suppressed in a Gln-dependent HCC (EC4) cell line transfected with miR-122 mimic that resulted in decreased 13C-Gln, 13C-á-ketoglutarate, 13C-isocitrate, and 13C-citrate levels. In contrast, 13C-phosphoenolpyruvate and 13C-G6P levels were elevated in cells expressing ectopic miR-122, suggesting enhanced gluconeogenesis. Finally, The Cancer Genome Atlas—Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) database analysis showed that expression of GLS is negatively correlated with miR-122 in primary human HCCs, and the upregulation of GLS RNA is associated with higher tumor grade. More importantly, patients with higher expressions of GLS or SLC1A5 in tumors exhibited poor survival compared with those expressing lower levels of these proteins. Conclusions Collectively, these results show that miR-122 modulates Gln metabolism both in vitro and in vivo, implicating the therapeutic potential of miR-122 in HCCs that exhibit relatively high GLS levels. miR-122, the most abundant liver specific microRNA and a potent tumor suppressor, regulates glutamine metabolism. SIRM analysis showed enhanced glutaminolysis and impeded gluconeogenesis in the livers of miR-122 KO mice. Gls, a key enzyme involved in glutaminolysis and a miR-122 target is upregulated in miR-122 KO livers. Ectopic miR-122 expression suppressed glutaminolysis but enhanced gluconeogenesis in a glutamine dependent HCC cell line. Expression of MIR-122 negatively correlated with that of GLS in human primary HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Sengupta
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Teresa Cassel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kun-Yu Teng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Mona Aljuhani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Vivek K Chowdhary
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Peng Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB)/Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Kaplan E, Zubedat S, Radzishevsky I, Valenta AC, Rechnitz O, Sason H, Sajrawi C, Bodner O, Konno K, Esaki K, Derdikman D, Yoshikawa T, Watanabe M, Kennedy RT, Billard JM, Avital A, Wolosker H. ASCT1 (Slc1a4) transporter is a physiologic regulator of brain d-serine and neurodevelopment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9628-33. [PMID: 30185558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722677115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
d-serine is a physiologic coagonist of NMDA receptors, but little is known about the regulation of its synthesis and synaptic turnover. The amino acid exchangers ASCT1 (Slc1a4) and ASCT2 (Slc1a5) are candidates for regulating d-serine levels. Using ASCT1 and ASCT2 KO mice, we report that ASCT1, rather than ASCT2, is a physiologic regulator of d-serine metabolism. ASCT1 is a major d-serine uptake system in astrocytes and can also export l-serine via heteroexchange, supplying neurons with the substrate for d-serine synthesis. ASCT1-KO mice display lower levels of brain d-serine along with higher levels of l-alanine, l-threonine, and glycine. Deletion of ASCT1 was associated with neurodevelopmental alterations including lower hippocampal and striatal volumes and changes in the expression of neurodevelopmental-relevant genes. Furthermore, ASCT1-KO mice exhibited deficits in motor function, spatial learning, and affective behavior, along with changes in the relative contributions of d-serine vs. glycine in mediating NMDA receptor activity. In vivo microdialysis demonstrated lower levels of extracellular d-serine in ASCT1-KO mice, confirming altered d-serine metabolism. These alterations are reminiscent of some of the neurodevelopmental phenotypes exhibited by patients with ASCT1 mutations. ASCT1-KO mice provide a useful model for potential therapeutic interventions aimed at correcting the metabolic impairments in patients with ASCT1 mutations.
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