Malgaroli M, Hull TD, Calderon A, Simon NM. Linguistic markers of anxiety and depression in
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Observational study of a digital intervention.
J Affect Disord 2024;
352:133-137. [PMID:
38336165 PMCID:
PMC10947071 DOI:
10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.012]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSRD), including chronic pain, result in frequent primary care visits, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diminished quality of life. Treatment access remains limited due to structural barriers and functional impairment. Digital delivery offers to improve access and enables transcript analysis via Natural Language Processing (NLP) to inform treatment. Therefore, we investigated asynchronous message-delivered SSRD treatment, and used NLP methods to identify symptom reduction markers from emotional valence.
METHODS
173 individuals diagnosed with SSRD received interventions from licensed therapists via messaging 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from baseline every three weeks. Symptoms trajectories were identified using unsupervised random forest clustering. Emotional valence expressed and use of emotional words were extracted from patients' de-identified transcripts, respectively using VADER and NCR Lexicon. Valence differences were examined using logistic regression.
RESULTS
Two subpopulations were identified showing symptoms Improvement (n = 72; 41.62 %) and non-response (n = 101; 58.38 %). Improvement patients expressed more positive valence in the first week of treatment (OR = 1.84, CI: 1.12-3.02; p = .015) and were less likely to express negative valence by the end of treatment (OR = 0.05; CI: 0.30-0.83; p = .008). Non-response patients used more negative valence words, including pain.
LIMITATIONS
Findings were derived from observational data obtained during an ecological intervention, without the inclusion of a control group.
CONCLUSIONS
NLP identified linguistic markers distinguishing changes in anxiety and depression symptoms over treatment. Digital interventions offer new forms of delivery and provide the opportunity to automatically collect data for linguistic analysis.
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