1
|
Troxell K, Ceccopieri M, Gardinali P. Unraveling the chemical fingerprint of the Miami River sources: Insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry and nontarget analysis. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140863. [PMID: 38052314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical composition of waters in the heavily urbanized and historically polluted Miami River, Florida. The goal was to assess the different water sources and anthropogenic influence in this managed area using nontarget analysis (NTA) combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Surface water samples were collected from 10 sites during five sampling events in the wet season of 2021 and 2022. The HRMS data was processed using Compound Discoverer™ version 3.3, and the results were analyzed using techniques including Principal Component Analysis and Kendrick Mass Defect plots. Results showed a gradient change in the chemical composition from the Everglades to Biscayne Bay endmembers. The Seybold Canal, an adjacent canal, was consistently identified as a unique source of contaminants, contributing its own specific set of tracers. Increased presence and intensity of organic contaminants along the waterway was observed, indicating significant anthropogenic influence in the area. The NTA and post-processing were evaluated for reproducibility, demonstrating robustness with a 71.2% average reproducibility for compounds detected in 3 out of 5 sampling trips. A detection frequency of 80% (4 out of 5) was the set criterion for detected compounds suggested as tracers. To prioritize samples, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed, and potential tracers for each water source were determined. Tracers included natural products and agricultural herbicides and insecticides for the Everglades, anthropogenic contaminants for the Seybold Canal, and a lack of unique tracers for Biscayne Bay. Additionally, urban-influenced contaminants such as flame retardants, insect repellents, pharmaceuticals, and non-agricultural herbicides were identified along the river. This study highlights the impact of human activities on the Miami River and demonstrates the effectiveness of NTA in differentiating and tracking water sources. The results emphasize the importance of reproducibility in NTA and provide guidance on implementing monitoring strategies by prioritizing samples based on chemical compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy Troxell
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 230/232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Environmental Analysis Research Laboratory, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Milena Ceccopieri
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 230/232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Environmental Analysis Research Laboratory, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 230/232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Environmental Analysis Research Laboratory, Florida International University, 300 NE 151th Street, Marine Science Building 232, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie X, Liu Y, Qiu H, Yang X. Quantifying ecological and human health risks of heavy metals from different sources in farmland soils within a typical mining and smelting industrial area. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:5669-5683. [PMID: 33026582 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality of food crops and human health is threatened by heavy metals (HMs) accumulated in farmland soils for a long time. In this study, we selected 148 soil samples randomly from farmlands in a region featuring abandoned lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mining activities with the aim to quantify the pollution risk and identify potential sources of heavy metals, based on a case in the southwestern of China. The median contents of metals, such as Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Cu and Cr, are above the background values for Chinese soils and prescribed pollution threshold guide values (GB15618-2018), except Hg and Ni. The farmland soils in sites surrounding areas with previous Pb-Zn mining and smelting activities were classified as seriously polluted. Pollution sources were evaluated using GIS-based geostatistical methods, multivariate statistical analyses and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. Four sources were quantitatively apportioned, which were industrial sources such as mining and smelting (53.1%), agricultural practices (11.6%), natural source (21.6%) and other industrial sources such as electroplating (13.7%). The potential risks of contamination associated with the heavy metals were evaluated using several indices including the Nemerow, geoaccumulation (Igeo) and ecological risk (RI) indices. Based on the Igeo index, As and Pb were the most severe pollutants among all of those measured. With the combination of the potential ecological risk index (RI) and human health risk (HHR) assessment models, the ecological risk and HHR from different sources were analyzed quantitatively. Industrial activities such as mining and smelting were the greatest contributors to ecological risk, non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, accounting for about 86.9%,73.9% and 81.9%, respectively. Additionally, the health risks of children were more serious relative to those of adults from the perspective of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuexian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hui Qiu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wadsworth E, Rynard V, Driezen P, Freeman TP, Rychert M, Wilkins C, Hall W, Gabrys R, Hammond D. Legal sourcing of ten cannabis products in the Canadian cannabis market, 2019-2021: a repeat cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36803833 PMCID: PMC9936931 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the objectives of cannabis legalization in Canada is to transition consumers from the illegal to the legal market. Little is known about how legal sourcing varies across different cannabis product types, provinces, and frequency of cannabis use. METHODS Data were analyzed from Canadian respondents in the International Cannabis Policy Study, a repeat cross-sectional survey conducted annually from 2019 to 2021. Respondents were 15,311 past 12-month cannabis consumers of legal age to purchase cannabis. Weighted logistic regression models estimated the association between legal sourcing ("all"/ "some"/ "none") of ten cannabis product types, province, and frequency of cannabis use over time. RESULTS The percentage of consumers who sourced "all" their cannabis products from legal sources in the past 12 months varied by product type, ranging from 49% of solid concentrate consumers to 82% of cannabis drink consumers in 2021. The percentage of consumers sourcing "all" their respective products legally was greater in 2021 than 2020 across all products. Legal sourcing varied by frequency of use: weekly or more frequent consumers were more likely to source "some" (versus "none") of their products legally versus less frequent consumers. Legal sourcing also varied by province, with a lower likelihood of legal sourcing in Québec of products whose legal sale was restricted (e.g., edibles). CONCLUSION Legal sourcing increased over time, demonstrating progress in the transition to the legal market for all products in the first three years of legalization in Canada. Legal sourcing was highest for drinks and oils and lowest for solid concentrates and hash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elle Wadsworth
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 75 Albert St, Suite 500, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5E7, Canada. .,RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 1YG, UK.
| | - Vicki Rynard
- grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Pete Driezen
- grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada ,grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Tom P. Freeman
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Marta Rychert
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris Wilkins
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Hall
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert Gabrys
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 75 Albert St, Suite 500, Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 Canada
| | - David Hammond
- grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boulanger MT, Adler M, Sommer E, Jorgeson I. Dynamics of obsidian procurement at Pot Creek Pueblo (LA 260), Northern New Mexico. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 2022; 14:124. [PMID: 35729920 PMCID: PMC9189273 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-022-01590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present obsidian sourcing data from Pot Creek Pueblo (LA 260), one of the northernmost Puebloan settlements in the Northern Rio Grande, occupied from at least 1260 ce until ca. 1320 ce when much of the pueblo was burned and the site was depopulated. Although the occupation of Pot Creek Pueblo was short, it occurred during a pivotal period in the Northern Rio Grande. The population of the region increased rapidly at this time, possibly due to an influx of migrants from the Mesa Verde/San Juan area to the west, and locally people living in relatively small villages comprised of pithouses and above-ground unit pueblos begin to coalesce into fewer, but much larger above-ground pueblos. Obsidian-source choices throughout the region may provide insight into how the proposed migration impacted existing resource-procurement patterns. Our data demonstrate that despite the diverse histories of the settlement's inhabitants, the exchange system supplying obsidian to Pot Creek Pueblo remained stable throughout its occupation. We argue that exchange dynamics of the local community remained the primary means of obtaining obsidian despite potential for new avenues that might have been available through the addition of new community members from outside the region and despite population growth and changing settlement patterns in the broader Northern Rio Grande. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-022-01590-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Boulanger
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Heroy Hall, Dallas, TX 75211 USA
| | - Michael Adler
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Heroy Hall, Dallas, TX 75211 USA
| | - Evan Sommer
- Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Minalloy House, 10-16 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 3NJ UK
| | - Ian Jorgeson
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Heroy Hall, Dallas, TX 75211 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiili C, Bråten I, Strømsø HI, Hagerman MS, Räikkönen E, Jyrkiäinen A. Adolescents' credibility justifications when evaluating online texts. Educ Inf Technol (Dordr) 2022; 27:7421-7450. [PMID: 36039156 PMCID: PMC9402913 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-10907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that students differ in their abilities to evaluate the credibility of online texts, and, in general, many perform poorly on online evaluation tasks. This study extended current knowledge by examining students' abilities to justify the credibility of online texts from different perspectives, thus providing a more nuanced understanding of students' credibility evaluation ability. We examined how upper secondary school students (N = 73; aged 16 to 17) evaluated author expertise, author intention, the publication venue, and the quality of evidence when reading four texts about the effects of sugar consumption in a web-based environment. Additionally, we examined how students' prior topic knowledge, Internet-specific justification beliefs, and time on task were associated with their credibility justifications. Students evaluated author expertise, author intention, the venue, and the quality of evidence for each text on a six-point scale and provided written justifications for their evaluations. While students' credibility evaluations were quite accurate, their credibility justifications lacked sophistication. Inter-individual differences were considerable, however. Regression analysis revealed that time on task was a statistically significant unique predictor of students' credibility justifications. Instructional implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carita Kiili
- Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, P.O. Box 700, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ivar Bråten
- Department of Education, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1092 Blindern, 0137 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge I. Strømsø
- Department of Education, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1092 Blindern, 0137 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michelle Schira Hagerman
- Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, 145 Jean-Jacques-Lussier Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Eija Räikkönen
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014 Finland
| | - Anne Jyrkiäinen
- Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, P.O. Box 700, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays are important tools in basic research and diagnostics. The ability to accurately quantify the presence of several antigens within an individual sample all at once has been useful in developing a proteomics view of biology. This in turn has enabled the development of disease-associated immunodiagnostic panels for better prognosis and well-being. Moreover, it is well understood that such multiplexing approaches lend themselves to automation, thereby reducing labor while providing the ability to dramatically conserve both reagent and sample all of which will reduce the cost per test. Here we describe various methods to create and use multiplex immunoassays in the wells of microtiter plates or similar formats.
Collapse
|
7
|
Amit Aharon A, Ruban A, Dubovi I. Knowledge and information credibility evaluation strategies regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Outlook 2020; 69:S0029-6554(20)30661-8. [PMID: 34756383 PMCID: PMC7494280 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has not only caused significant challenges for health systems worldwide, but also fueled a surge in misinformation. Nurses as frontline health care providers should be equipped with the most accurate information on COVID-19. PURPOSE This study examines nurses' knowledge and strategies of information credibility sourcing. METHOD A cross-sectional survey among nurses and laypersons with no health care background. The questionnaire dealt with knowledge and ability assess credibility of COVID-19 information. FINDINGS Nurses' knowledge of COVID-19 preventative behaviors was significantly higher than that of laypersons; however, there was no difference in science-based knowledge of COVID-19. In contrast to laypersons, nurses in this study were better able to discern the credibility of health-related information about COVID-19 than laypersons. Yet they rarely used scientific criteria in evaluating conflicting information. DISCUSSION Given the importance of assessing the credibility of information, both information literacy skills and science-based knowledge about COVID-19 should be offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Amit Aharon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angela Ruban
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Dubovi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Validation of text information as a general mechanism for detecting inconsistent or false information is an integral part of text comprehension. This study examined how the credibility of the information source affects validation processes. Two experiments investigated combined effects of source credibility and plausibility of information during validation with explicit (ratings) and implicit (reading times) measurements. Participants read short stories with a high-credible versus low-credible person that stated a consistent or inconsistent assertion with general world knowledge. Ratings of plausibility and ratings of source credibility were lower when a credible source stated a world-knowledge inconsistent assertion compared with a low-credible source. Reading times on target sentences and on spillover sentences were slower when a credible source stated an assertion inconsistent with world knowledge compared with a low-credible source, suggesting that source information modulated the validation of implausible information. These results show that source credibility modulates validation and suggest a bidirectional relationship of perceived plausibility and source credibility in the reading process.
Collapse
|
9
|
Conway-Silva BA, Ervin JN, Kenski K. "Reliable Sources" in Cable News: Analyzing Network Fragmentation in Coverage of Reform Policy. Journal Stud 2020; 21:838-856. [PMID: 34084087 PMCID: PMC8172089 DOI: 10.1080/1461670x.2020.1724184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
News coverage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and President Obama's announced Clean Power Plan (CPP) served as data for two case studies. Social network analysis was used to investigate the sources used by cable giants CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. Both case studies show the extent of sourcing varies across the three news outlets, with CNN using the smallest network, MSNBC using the largest, and Fox falling somewhere in between. Ultimately, the source networks of the three cable outlets were highly fragmented with the exception of high-profile politicians. While the number of sources used in PPACA coverage stayed relatively stable, sourcing of the CPP decreased over time. Results suggest different sourcing patterns and contextually driven agenda-building processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Anne Conway-Silva
- Department of Communication Studies, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Ervin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate Kenski
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Foy JE, LoCasto PC, Briner SW, Dyar S. Would a madman have been so wise as this?" The effects of source credibility and message credibility on validation. Mem Cognit 2017; 45:281-95. [PMID: 27726095 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-016-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Readers rapidly check new information against prior knowledge during validation, but research is inconsistent as to whether source credibility affects validation. We argue that readers are likely to accept highly plausible assertions regardless of source, but that high source credibility may boost acceptance of claims that are less plausible based on general world knowledge. In Experiment 1, participants read narratives with assertions for which the plausibility varied depending on the source. For high credibility sources, we found that readers were faster to read information confirming these assertions relative to contradictory information. We found the opposite patterns for low credibility characters. In Experiment 2, readers read claims from the same high or low credibility sources, but the claims were always plausible based on general world knowledge. Readers consistently took longer to read contradictory information, regardless of source. In Experiment 3, participants read modified versions of "The Tell-Tale Heart," which was narrated entirely by an unreliable source. We manipulated the plausibility of a target event, as well as whether high credibility characters within the story provided confirmatory or contradictory information about the narrator's description of the target event. Though readers rated the narrator as being insane, they were more likely to believe the narrator's assertions about the target event when it was plausible and corroborated by other characters. We argue that sourcing research would benefit from focusing on the relationship between source credibility, message credibility, and multiple sources within a text.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
In this study, lyophilized and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms were evaluated for their potential to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. The results showed potent inhibitory effect of Aloe vera gel extracts on L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant differences in % inhibition of tyrosinase among the extraction methods and the germplasms were observed. The relative performance of the germplasms was evaluated with the help of posthoc multicomparison test. The methanolic extract was more effective than the lyophilized crude gel in all the germplasms. The inhibitory effect of the lyophilized gel and methanolic extract tested from five germplasms followed the order: RM > TN > S24 > OR > RJN. The germplasm RM showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition, and the maximum % inhibition noted was 26.04% and 41.18%, respectively for the lyophilized and methanolic extracts at 6 mg · mL(-1) concentration. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the different concentrations of L-DOPA in the absence and presence of lyophilized gel extract showed competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in all the germplasms. This study suggests that the germplasm RM could potentially be used for the isolation and identification of the effective tyrosinase inhibitory component, and ascertains the critical role of selecting the best source of germplasm for natural product isolation and characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dutta Gupta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
| | - S K Masakapalli
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|