Influence of MgO nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of coated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffolds produced via space holder technique: Fabrication, characterization and simulation

In the current study, hydroxyapatite (HA)-MgO scaffolds are fabricated with the aid of the space holder technique using NaCl as the spacer type. After that, the fabricated samples are deposited in gelatin (GN) with ibuprofen (IBO) substitution to create GN-IBO thin surface coating. The samples are then synthesized chemically and the associated properties are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scan electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The compressive strength, fracture toughness, hardness, porosity, bioactivity, degradation rate, wettability, and roughness of the manufactured HA-MgO bio-nanocomposite scaffolds containing different weight fractions of MgO nanoparticles are predicted. Accordingly, nonlinear mechanical behaviors including nonlinear free vibration and nonlinear vibrations associated with the prebuckling and postbuckling domains of an axially loaded plate-type bone implant made of the HA-MgO bio-nanocomposites coated with the GN-IBO thin layers are investigated analytically via a sandwich plate model. The obtained results reveal that magnesium has no considerable effect on the porosity, however it causes to enhance the compressive strength significantly. The presence of magnesium ions also leads to reduce the crystallinity of HA about 30-100 nm due to entering MgO nanoparticles into the network. The results related to the sample with 10 wt% MgO nanoparticles indicate that the microscopic structure of the fabricated bio-nanocomposite scaffold is three-dimensional with porous architecture. Also, it is shown that the solubility of the HA composed with MgO nanoparticles decreases with higher bioactivity.