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Horimoto Y, Hayashi E, Ito Y, Iida A, Goto Y, Kato S, Okita K, Kako T, Sato C, Tajima T, Inagaki A, Nokura K, Hibino H, Matsukawa N, Yamada K, Kabasawa H. Dopaminergic function in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 patients with and without parkinsonism. J Neurol 2020; 267:2692-2696. [PMID: 32440919 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pure cerebellar ataxia is usually emphasized as the characteristic clinical feature of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), parkinsonism has been repeatedly described in patients with genetically confirmed SCA6. METHODS We conducted a positron emission tomography study using a combination of [18F]fluoro-L-dopa for dopamine synthesis and [11C]raclopride for dopamine D2 receptor function on six genetically confirmed SCA6 patients, both with and without parkinsonism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dopamine receptor imaging study of patients with SCA6. RESULTS Most patients had somewhat decreased dopaminergic function, and this decrease was significant in the caudate nucleus. In addition, one SCA6 patient with parkinsonism had whole striatal dysfunction of both dopamine synthesis and dopamine D2 receptor function. CONCLUSIONS The pathology of SCA6 may not be restricted to the cerebellum, but may also be distributed across various regions, including in both presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons to some degree. Patients with SCA6 may show apparent parkinsonism after the progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Horimoto
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan.
| | - Emi Hayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Planning and Research, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Planning and Research, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iida
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Goto
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kato
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Okita
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuharu Kako
- Department of Neurology, Bantane Hospital, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikako Sato
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tajima
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan.,Department of Planning and Research, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aki Inagaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nokura
- Department of Neurology, Bantane Hospital, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hibino
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kabasawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2, Mikan-yama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8622, Japan
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Tsou WL, Qiblawi SH, Hosking RR, Gomez CM, Todi SV. Polyglutamine length-dependent toxicity from α1ACT in Drosophila models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Biol Open 2016; 5:1770-1775. [PMID: 27979829 PMCID: PMC5200913 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a neurodegenerative disease that results from abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat. SCA6 is caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion in the gene CACNA1A, resulting in a polyQ tract of 19-33 in patients. CACNA1A, a bicistronic gene, encodes the α1A calcium channel subunit and the transcription factor, α1ACT. PolyQ expansion in α1ACT causes degeneration in mice. We recently described the first Drosophila models of SCA6 that express α1ACT with a normal (11Q) or hyper-expanded (70Q) polyQ. Here, we report additional α1ACT transgenic flies, which express full-length α1ACT with a 33Q repeat. We show that α1ACT33Q is toxic in Drosophila, but less so than the 70Q version. When expressed everywhere, α1ACT33Q-expressing adults die earlier than flies expressing the normal allele. α1ACT33Q causes retinal degeneration and leads to aggregated species in an age-dependent manner, but at a slower pace than the 70Q counterpart. According to western blots, α1ACT33Q localizes less readily in the nucleus than α1ACT70Q, providing clues into the importance of polyQ tract length on α1ACT localization and its site of toxicity. We expect that these new lines will be highly valuable for future work on SCA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sultan H Qiblawi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ryan R Hosking
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA .,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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