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Yella VT, Pareek S, Meena B, Sasanka KSBSK, Thangaraju P, T Y SS. A Systematic Review of the COVID Vaccine's Impact on the Nervous System. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:CDS-EPUB-137813. [PMID: 38275049 DOI: 10.2174/0115748863273931231121072231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS & OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research pertaining to the COVID-19 vaccine and its association with neurological complications. METHOD We performed a comprehensive search of the literature using Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI databases from December 2021 to December 2022. For Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI databases we used the following key search terms: "neurological adverse effects", "COVID-19 vaccination", "SARS-CoV-2", CNS complications, and CNS adverse effects. Two reviewer authors individually searched and assessed the titles and abstracts of all articles. The third reviewer resolved the disagreement between them. Data were documented regarding title, study location, type of study, type of COVID-19 vaccine, type of neurological complications/adverse effects, and sample size. RESULTS From our findings, it is confirmed that these neurological complications like GuillainBarre syndrome (23.6%), Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (5.5%), Neuropathy (6.9%), Transverse Myelitis (8.3%) and Acute disseminated Encephalomyelitis (4.1%) are majorly affected in most of the people. The increase in risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection far outweighs any previously reported associations with vaccination. CONCLUSION We found no safety signal was observed between COVID-19 vaccines and the immune-mediated neurological events. Before assuming a causal relationship, the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine should first be carefully examined to rule out known associated factors. Symptom onset was within two weeks of vaccination in the majority of cases; as such, this seems to be a high-risk period warranting vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Pareek
- Medical Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Bhumika Meena
- Medical Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | | - Sree Sudha T Y
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
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Gupta SL, Goswami S, Anand A, Naman N, Kumari P, Sharma P, Jaiswal RK. An assessment of the strategy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in India. Immunol Res 2023; 71:565-577. [PMID: 37041424 PMCID: PMC10089693 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease continues to cause devastation for almost 3 years of its identification. India is one of the leading countries to set clinical trials, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccination. Recent COVID-19 vaccine tracker record suggests that 12 vaccines are approved in India, including protein subunit, RNA/DNA, non-replicating viral vector, and inactivated vaccine. Along with that 16 more vaccines are undergoing clinical trials to counter COVID-19. The availability of different vaccines gives alternate and broad perspectives to fight against viral immune resistance and, thus, viruses escaping the immune system by mutations. Using the recently published literature on the Indian vaccine and clinical trial sites, we have reviewed the development, clinical evaluation, and registration of vaccines trial used in India against COVID-19. Moreover, we have also summarized the status of all approved vaccines in India, their associated registered clinical trials, manufacturing, efficacy, and their related safety and immunogenicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surbhi Goswami
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ananya Anand
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Namrata Naman
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Rishi K. Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
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3
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Borchers P, Winnersbach P, Kraemer S, Beckers C, Buhl EM, Leonhardt S, Rossaint R, Walter M, Breuer T, Bleilevens C. Comparison of the Hemocompatibility of an Axial and a Centrifugal Left Ventricular Assist Device in an In Vitro Test Circuit. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3431. [PMID: 35743501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemocompatibility of left ventricular assist devices is essential for preventing adverse events. In this study, we compared the hemocompatibility of an axial-flow (Sputnik) to a centrifugal-flow (HeartMate 3) pump. METHODS Both pumps were integrated into identical in vitro test circuits, each filled with 75 mL heparinized human blood of the same donor. During each experiment (n = 7), the pumps were operated with equal flow for six hours. Blood sampling and analysis were performed on a regular schedule. The analytes were indicators of hemolysis, coagulation activation, platelet count and activation, as well as extracellular vesicles. RESULTS Sputnik induced higher hemolysis compared to the HeartMate 3 after 360 min. Furthermore, platelet activation was higher for Sputnik after 120 min onward. In the HeartMate 3 circuit, the platelet count was reduced within the first hour. Furthermore, Sputnik triggered a more pronounced increase in extracellular vesicles, a potential trigger for adverse events in left ventricular assist device application. Activation of coagulation showed a time-dependent increase, with no differences between both groups. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study confirms the hypothesis that axial-flow pumps may induce stronger hemolysis compared to centrifugal pumps, coming along with larger amounts of circulating extracellular vesicles and a stronger PLT activation.
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Seirafianpour F, Pourriyahi H, Mesgarha MG, Pour Mohammad A, Shaka Z, Goodarzi A. A systematic review on mucocutaneous presentations after COVD-19 vaccination and expert recommendations about vaccination of important immune-mediated dermatologic disorders. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15461. [PMID: 35316551 PMCID: PMC9111423 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With dermatologic side effects being fairly prevalent following vaccination against COVID-19, and the multitude of studies aiming to report and analyze these adverse events, the need for an extensive investigation on previous studies seemed urgent,in order to provide a thorough body of information about these post-COVID-19 immunization mucocutaneous reactions. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive electronic search was performed through the international databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, Web of science, and Google scholar on July 12, 2021, and all articles regarding mucocutaneous manifestations and considerations after COVID-19 vaccine administration were retrieved using the following keywords: COVID-19 vaccine, dermatology considerations and mucocutaneous manifestations. A total of 917 records were retrieved and a final number of 180 articles were included in data extraction. Mild, moderate, severe and potentially life-threatening adverse events have been reported following immunization with COVID vaccines, through case reports, case series, observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and further recommendations and consensus position papers regarding vaccination. In this systematic review, we categorized these results in detail into five elaborate tables, making what we believe to be an extensively informative, unprecedented set of data on this topic. Based on our findings, in the viewpoint of the pros and cons of vaccination, mucocutaneous adverse events were mostly non-significant, self-limiting reactions, and for the more uncommon moderate to severe reactions, guidelines and consensus position papers could be of great importance to provide those at higher risks and those with specific worries of flare-ups or inefficient immunization, with sufficient recommendations to safely schedule their vaccine doses, or avoid vaccination if they have the discussed contra-indications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Seirafianpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Pourriyahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Pour Mohammad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoha Shaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Hatami P, Balighi K, Nicknam Asl H, Aryanian Z. COVID vaccination in patients under treatment with rituximab: A presentation of two cases from Iran and a review of the current knowledge with a specific focus on pemphigus. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e15216. [PMID: 34811862 PMCID: PMC9011959 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐COV2 vaccines were approved without long‐term monitoring due to emergent situations. This has raised some issues about the timing and protocol of receiving vaccines in specific situations such as patients receiving immunomodulatory agents including rituximab, which is widely used for various disorders such as multiple sclerosis, pemphigus, and many rheumatologic disorders. We described two cases of pemphigus vulgaris (a new case and one with flare‐up) following vaccination with Astrazeneca in Iran and reviewed the existing data in this regard through searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. All of the relevant papers published until June 28, 2021, which we could access their full‐texts were included. We found some recommendations made by rheumatologists, neurologists, and dermatologists in regard to vaccination timing in this group of patients and tried to summarize them to provide a practical guide for clinicians. Clinicians should perform a careful, individualized risk–benefit assessment for their patients and consider a delay in rituximab administration after completion of COVID vaccination if there is not any considerable risk of disease relapse or organ failure. Moreover, choosing vaccines with potential of providing protection after single dose, especially in countries with limited access to vaccines may be a reasonable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hatami
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Nicknam Asl
- Department of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS), Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aryanian
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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6
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Zahid MN. Unfolding the Mild to Moderate Short-Term Side Effects of Four COVID-19 Vaccines Used in Bahrain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1369. [PMID: 34835300 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has resulted in massive health and economic losses. The current unavailability of treatments leaves vaccination as the only way to control this disease. There are four vaccines (Sinopharm, Pfizer—BioNTech, Sputnik, and AstraZeneca) available in Bahrain. This project aimed to study the most common side effects resulting from the first and second doses of these four vaccines. Data were collected through an online questionnaire answered by 311 individuals who received both doses of one of these four vaccines. The results of this study revealed that regardless of the vaccine identity, participants experienced more side effects from the second dose. Among the different side effects, pain at the site of injection was primarily observed after the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine (43%), which was followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (31%). Moreover, fever was observed in participants after the first dose of the Sputnik vaccine (37%), while headache was mainly observed after the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine (32%). It is important to note that fatigue was observed after the first dose of all four vaccines but was reported by the highest proportion of respondents in the Pfizer group (28%). Interestingly, there are some side effects, such as pain at the site of injection, that are correlated with fever (r = 0.909). Similarly, headache is correlated with fever (r = 0.801) and pain at the site of injection (r = 0.868). Overall, it was observed that recipients of the Sinopharm vaccine reported the mildest side effects among all four vaccines. The crucial finding of this study is that the first and second dosage post-vaccination side effects were modest and predictable with no occurrences of hospitalization; this information can assist in lessening vaccine apprehension.
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Dutta D, Ravichandiran V, Sukla S. Virophages: association with human diseases and their predicted role as virus killers. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6380487. [PMID: 34601577 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating discovery of the first giant virus, Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV), belonging to the family Mimiviridae in 2008, and its associated virophage, Sputnik, have left the world of microbiology awestruck. To date, about 18 virophages have been isolated from different environmental sources. With their unique feature of resisting host cell infection and lysis by giant viruses, analogous to bacteriophage, they have been assigned under the family Lavidaviridae. Genome of T-27, icosahedral-shaped, non-enveloped virophages, consist of dsDNA encoding four proteins, namely, major capsid protein, minor capsid protein, ATPase and cysteine protease, which are essential in the formation and assembly of new virophage particles during replication. A few virophage genomes have been observed to contain additional sequences like PolB, ZnR and S3H. Another interesting characteristic of virophage is that Mimivirus lineage A is immune to infection by the Zamilon virophage through a phenomenon termed MIMIVIRE, resembling the CRISPR-Cas mechanism in bacteria. Based on the fact that giant viruses have been found in clinical samples of hospital-acquired pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis patients, virophages have opened a novel era in the search for cures of various diseases. This article aims to study the prospective role of virophages in the future of human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrupa Dutta
- National Institute of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, PIN-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, PIN-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumi Sukla
- National Institute of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, PIN-700054, West Bengal, India
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Karimi N, Boostani R, Fatehi F, Panahi A, Asghar Okhovat A, Ziaadini B, Basiri K, Abdi S, Sinaei F, Rezaei M, Shamsaei G, Ansari B, Nafissi S. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19 Vaccine: A Report of Nine Patients. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:703-710. [PMID: 35173924 PMCID: PMC8818119 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3565.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy usually elicited by an upper respiratory tract infection. Several studies reported GBS associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In this study, we described nine GBS patients following the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: In this study, nine patients were introduced from six referral centers for neuromuscular disorders in Iran between April 8 and June 20, 2021. Four patients received the Sputnik V, three patients received the Sinopharm, and two cases received the AstraZeneca vaccine. All patients were diagnosed with GBS evidenced by nerve conduction studies and/or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Results: The median age of the patients was 54.22 years (ranged 26–87 years), and seven patients were male. The patients were treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) or Plasma Exchange (PLEX). All patients were discharged with some improvements. Conclusion: The link between the COVID-19 vaccine and GBS is not well understood. Given the prevalence of GBS over the population, this association may be coincidental; therefore, more studies are needed to investigate a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karimi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Panahi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Okhovat
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Ziaadini
- Department of Neurology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Keivan Basiri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siamak Abdi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Sinaei
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shamsaei
- Neurology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ansari
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, AL-Zahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Suli A, Pujol R, Cunningham DE, Hailey DW, Prendergast A, Rubel EW, Raible DW. Innervation regulates synaptic ribbons in lateral line mechanosensory hair cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2250-60. [PMID: 27103160 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to form proper synapses in mechanosensory hair cells, the sensory cells responsible for hearing and balance, leads to deafness and balance disorders. Ribbons are electron-dense structures that tether synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic zone of mechanosensory hair cells where they are juxtaposed with the post-synaptic endings of afferent fibers. They are initially formed throughout the cytoplasm, and, as cells mature, ribbons translocate to the basolateral membrane of hair cells to form functional synapses. We have examined the effect of post-synaptic elements on ribbon formation and maintenance in the zebrafish lateral line system by observing mutants that lack hair cell innervation, wild-type larvae whose nerves have been transected and ribbons in regenerating hair cells. Our results demonstrate that innervation is not required for initial ribbon formation but suggest that it is crucial for regulating the number, size and localization of ribbons in maturing hair cells, and for ribbon maintenance at the mature synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arminda Suli
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Remy Pujol
- V.M. Bloedel Hearing Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA INSERM-Unit 1051, Université Montpellier, France
| | - Dale E Cunningham
- V.M. Bloedel Hearing Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dale W Hailey
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA V.M. Bloedel Hearing Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinère 47, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Edwin W Rubel
- V.M. Bloedel Hearing Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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