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Stagg A, Giglia TM, Gardner MM, Shustak RJ, Natarajan SS, Hehir DA, Szwast AL, Rome JJ, Ravishankar C, Preminger TJ. Feasibility of Digital Stethoscopes in Telecardiology Visits for Interstage Monitoring in Infants with Palliated Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1702-1709. [PMID: 37285041 PMCID: PMC10246546 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infants with staged surgical palliation for congenital heart disease are at high-risk for interstage morbidity and mortality. Interstage telecardiology visits (TCV) have been effective in identifying clinical concerns and preventing unnecessary emergency department visits in this high-risk population. We aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing auscultation with digital stethoscopes (DSs) during TCV and the potential impact on interstage care in our Infant Single Ventricle Monitoring & Management Program. In addition to standard home-monitoring practice for TCV, caregivers received training on use of a DS (Eko CORE attachment assembled with Classic II Infant Littman stethoscope). Sound quality of the DS and comparability to in-person auscultation were evaluated based on two providers' subjective assessment. We also evaluated provider and caregiver acceptability of the DS. From 7/2021 to 6/2022, the DS was used during 52 TCVs in 16 patients (median TCVs/patient: 3; range: 1-8), including 7 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Quality of heart sounds and murmur auscultation were subjectively equivalent to in-person findings with excellent inter-rater agreement (98%). All providers and caregivers reported ease of use and confidence in evaluation with the DS. In 12% (6/52) of TCVs, the DS provided additional significant information compared to a routine TCV; this expedited life-saving care in two patients. There were no missed events or deaths. Use of a DS during TCV was feasible in this fragile cohort and effective in identifying clinical concerns with no missed events. Longer term use of this technology will further establish its role in telecardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Stagg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Therese M Giglia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monique M Gardner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel J Shustak
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shobha S Natarajan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Hehir
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anita L Szwast
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rome
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chitra Ravishankar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamar J Preminger
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nakamoto K, Horimasu Y, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Ohshimo S, Sadamori T, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Shime N, Hattori N. Usefulness of Quantification and Serial Monitoring of Fine Crackles for Early Detection of Treatment-related Lung Injury: A Report of Two Cases. Intern Med 2023:2387-23. [PMID: 37866919 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2387-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and appropriate management of treatment-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) are important in cancer treatment. We established an algorithm for quantifying fine crackles using machine learning and reported that the fine crackle quantitative value (FCQV) calculated by this algorithm was more sensitive than chest radiography for detecting interstitial changes. Using this algorithm, we periodically analyzed respiratory sounds in two patients with lung cancer who developed treatment-related ILDs and found that the FCQV was elevated before the diagnosis of ILD. These cases may indicate the usefulness of the FCQV in the early diagnosis of treatment-related ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takuma Sadamori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shime
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
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Kevat A, Kalirajah A, Roseby R. Artificial intelligence accuracy in detecting pathological breath sounds in children using digital stethoscopes. Respir Res 2020; 21:253. [PMID: 32993620 PMCID: PMC7526232 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manual auscultation to detect abnormal breath sounds has poor inter-observer reliability. Digital stethoscopes with artificial intelligence (AI) could improve reliable detection of these sounds. We aimed to independently test the abilities of AI developed for this purpose. Methods One hundred and ninety two auscultation recordings collected from children using two different digital stethoscopes (Clinicloud™ and Littman™) were each tagged as containing wheezes, crackles or neither by a pediatric respiratory physician, based on audio playback and careful spectrogram and waveform analysis, with a subset validated by a blinded second clinician. These recordings were submitted for analysis by a blinded AI algorithm (StethoMe AI) specifically trained to detect pathologic pediatric breath sounds. Results With optimized AI detection thresholds, crackle detection positive percent agreement (PPA) was 0.95 and negative percent agreement (NPA) was 0.99 for Clinicloud recordings; for Littman-collected sounds PPA was 0.82 and NPA was 0.96. Wheeze detection PPA and NPA were 0.90 and 0.97 respectively (Clinicloud auscultation), with PPA 0.80 and NPA 0.95 for Littman recordings. Conclusions AI can detect crackles and wheeze with a reasonably high degree of accuracy from breath sounds obtained from different digital stethoscope devices, although some device-dependent differences do exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kevat
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Anaath Kalirajah
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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Weldegebreal F, Admassu D, Meaza D, Asfaw M. Non-critical healthcare tools as a potential source of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections in eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312118822627. [PMID: 30693084 PMCID: PMC6317151 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118822627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Outbreaks of healthcare-acquired infections have been linked to contaminated medical devices such as electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, stethoscopes, latex gloves, masks, neckties, white coats and other. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess non-critical healthcare tools as a potential source of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections and associated factors in public health hospitals of Harar, eastern Ethiopia from March 2016 to February 2017. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 non-critical healthcare tools owned by different health professionals. The data were collected from each owner using self-administered questionnaire. Swab specimens were collected from 187 stethoscopes and 25 sphygmomanometers using sterile cotton tips. Bacterial investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using standard culture tests. The data were double entered into EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of non-critical healthcare tool contamination was 53.8%. A total of 137 bacterial strains were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolate (35%). Resistance to two or more different classes of antimicrobial was found to be 19.3%. The proportion of stethoscopes or sphygmomanometers contamination owned by the health professionals who were not cleaned regularly before and after examining each patient was found to be high (77%). The majority of non-critical healthcare tools used by health professionals working in the intensive care unit were contaminated (75%) followed by medical wards (73.5%). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the majority of the stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria known to be associated with healthcare-acquired infections. Most of the healthcare workers did not practice stethoscope and sphygmomanometers disinfection. Strict and careful decontamination of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers need to be in place before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Weldegebreal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Admassu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Meaza
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Asfaw
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Kevat AC, Kalirajah A, Roseby R. Digital stethoscopes compared to standard auscultation for detecting abnormal paediatric breath sounds. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:989-992. [PMID: 28508991 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our study aimed to objectively describe the audiological characteristics of wheeze and crackles in children by using digital stethoscope (DS) auscultation, as well as assess concordance between standard auscultation and two different DS devices in their ability to detect pathological breath sounds. Twenty children were auscultated by a paediatric consultant doctor and digitally recorded using the Littman™ 3200 Digital Electronic Stethoscope and a Clinicloud™ DS with smart device. Using spectrographic analysis, we found those with clinically described wheeze had prominent periodic waveform segments spanning expiration for a period of 0.03-1.2 s at frequencies of 100-1050 Hz, and occasionally spanning shorter inspiratory segments; paediatric crackles were brief discontinuous sounds with a distinguishing waveform. There was moderate concordance with respect to wheeze detection between digital and standard binaural stethoscopes, and 100% concordance for crackle detection. Importantly, DS devices were more sensitive than clinician auscultation in detecting wheeze in our study. CONCLUSION Objective definition of audio characteristics of abnormal paediatric breath sounds was achieved using DS technology. We demonstrated superiority of our DS method compared to traditional auscultation for detection of wheeze. What is Known: • The audiological characteristics of abnormal breath sounds have been well-described in adult populations but not in children. • Inter-observer agreement for detection of pathological breath sounds using standard auscultation has been shown to be poor, but the clinical value of now easily available digital stethoscopes has not been sufficiently examined. What is New: • Digital stethoscopes can objectively define the nature of pathological breath sounds such as wheeze and crackles in children. • Paediatric wheeze was better detected by digital stethoscopes than by standard auscultation performed by an expert paediatric clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Kevat
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Anaath Kalirajah
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Raghubanshi BR, Sapkota S, Adhikari A, Dutta A, Bhattarai U, Bhandari R. Use of 90% ethanol to decontaminate stethoscopes in resource limited settings. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017. [PMID: 28638595 PMCID: PMC5472973 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developing countries like Nepal, 90% ethanol is cheap and is available in most hospitals. The unavailability of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in these settings led us to compare the efficacy between 90% ethanol and isopropyl alcohol pads in reducing the bacterial contamination of diaphragm of stethoscope. Methods A randomized blinded experimental study was carried out to determine the difference between cleaning stethoscopes with 90% ethanol and IPA. Cultures of diaphragm were taken before and after cleaning with one of the cleaning agent. Colony forming units (CFU) count and organism identification was done by a blinded investigator. CFU before and after cleaning were compared using Wilcoxon signed–rank test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the decrease in CFU count between the cleaning agents. Results About 30% of the stethoscopes harbored potential pathogens. Significant reduction in CFU was observed with both IPA (Wilcoxon signed–rank test, P value <0.001) and 90% ethanol (Wilcoxon signed–rank test, P value <0.001). Comparing median decrease in CFU between cleaning with IPA and with 90% ethanol, no significant difference was found (Mann Whitney U test; U = 1357, P value >0.05). Conclusions Both 90% ethanol and IPA are equally effective in decontaminating the diaphragm of stethoscope. Selection of agent should be done on the basis of cost and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supriya Sapkota
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Arjab Adhikari
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Aman Dutta
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Utsuk Bhattarai
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Schmidt MG, Tuuri RE, Dharsee A, Attaway HH, Fairey SE, Borg KT, Salgado CD, Hirsch BE. Antimicrobial copper alloys decreased bacteria on stethoscope surfaces. Am J Infect Control 2017; 45:642-647. [PMID: 28302430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stethoscopes may serve as vehicles for transmission of bacteria among patients. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial copper surfaces to reduce the bacterial concentration associated with stethoscope surfaces. METHODS A structured prospective trial involving 21 health care providers was conducted at a pediatric emergency division (ED) (n = 14) and an adult medical intensive care unit located in tertiary care facilities (n = 7). Four surfaces common to a stethoscope and a facsimile instrument fabricated from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-registered antimicrobial copper alloys (AMCus) were assessed for total aerobic colony counts (ACCs), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci for 90 days. RESULTS The mean ACCs collectively recovered from all stethoscope surfaces fabricated from the AMCus were found to carry significantly lower concentrations of bacteria (pediatric ED, 11.7 vs 127.1 colony forming units [CFU]/cm2, P < .00001) than their control equivalents. This observation was independent of health care provider or infection control practices. Absence of recovery of bacteria from the AMCu surfaces (66.3%) was significantly higher (P < .00001) than the control surfaces (22.4%). The urethane rim common to the stethoscopes was the most heavily burdened surface; mean concentrations exceeded the health care-associated infection acquisition concentration (5 CFU/cm2) by at least 25×, supporting that the stethoscope warrants consideration in plans mitigating microbial cross-transmission during patient care. CONCLUSIONS Stethoscope surfaces fabricated with AMCus were consistently found to harbor fewer bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Rachel E Tuuri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Arif Dharsee
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Group, North Shore University Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Hubert H Attaway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sarah E Fairey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Keith T Borg
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Bruce E Hirsch
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Group, North Shore University Hospital, New York, NY
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Fafliora E, Bampalis VG, Lazarou N, Mantzouranis G, Anastassiou ED, Spiliopoulou I, Christofidou M. Bacterial contamination of medical devices in a Greek emergency department: impact of physicians' cleaning habits. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42:807-9. [PMID: 24775562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the bacterial contamination of physicians' stethoscopes, electrocardiography machines, cardiac monitors, and pulse oximeters, as well as physicians' self-reported cleaning habits in the emergency department of a university hospital. Among 100 devices evaluated (stethoscopes included), 99% developed a positive bacterial culture. Coagulase-negative staphylococci predominated (80.3%). Only 13% of physicians reported cleaning their stethoscope after each patient examination; multinomial regression analysis found less contamination on those stethoscopes (P < .001). Studies on the implementation of hygiene measures are needed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Description for using stethoscopes adapted to hearing aids. AIM To describe the adaptation of HAs to stethoscopes used by 2 students in the health field with bilateral hearing impairment. CASE REPORTS Two subjects with hearing loss had their stethoscopes coupled to HAs because of the individual requirements of their professions (healthcare) to perform auscultation. CONCLUSION The improvement was measured in situ, and satisfaction was evaluated using a subjective questionnaire. The use of a stethoscope coupled to an HA allowed students with hearing loss to perform auscultation.
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