A Critical Review on Therapeutic Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Privileged Scaffold

Benzimidazole nucleus is a predominant heterocycle displaying a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. The privileged nature of the benzimidazole scaffold has been revealed by its presence in most small molecule drugs and in its ability to bind multiple receptors with high affinity. A literature review of the scaffold reveals several instances where structural modifications of the benzimidazole core have resulted in high-affinity lead compounds against a variety of biological targets. Hence, this structural moiety offers opportunities to discover novel, better, safe and highly potent biological agents. The goal of the present review is to compile the medicinal properties of benzimidazole derivatives with a focus on SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships).

An overview of thrombin inhibitors in the perspective of structure-activity relationships

Thrombosis is one of the most important pathogenic factors that related to cardiovascular diseases. Presently, thrombin inhibitors have gradually gained prominence in clinical practice due to their unique potential, such as dabigatran. Nevertheless, the risk of bleeding is not completely eliminated, and the threats of gastrointestinal bleeding are even increased in some cases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new oral thrombin inhibitors with low side effects. In this paper, we summarized recent advances on the newly synthesized and isolated thrombin inhibitors from 2000 to 2019 and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) along with structure-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters, providing guidance for next generation of oral thrombin inhibitors.

Synthesis of nature product kinsenoside analogues with anti-inflammatory activity

Kinsenoside is the major bioactive component from herbal medicine with a broad range of pharmacological functions. Goodyeroside A, an epimer of kinsenoside, remains less explored. In this report we chemically synthesized kinsenoside, goodyeroside A and their analogues with glycan variation, chirality inversion at chiral center(s), and bioisosteric replacement of lactone with lactam. Among these compounds, goodyeroside A and its mannosyl counterpart demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory efficacy. Furthermore, goodyeroside A was found to suppresses inflammatory through inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway, effectively. Structure-activity relationship is also explored for further development of more promising kinsenoside analogues as drug candidates.

Novel N-2-(Furyl)-2-(chlorobenzyloxyimino) Ethyl Piperazinyl Quinolones: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation and Structure-Activity Relationship

Quinolone antibacterials are one of the most important classes of pharmacological agents known as potent inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV that efficiently inhibit DNA replication and transcription by generating several double-stranded DNA break. Some quinolone derivatives demonstrated inhibitory potential against eukaryote topoismarase II and substantial dose-dependent cytotoxic potential against some cancerous cells. In present study, synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of new series of N-pipearzinyl quinolones containing N-2-(furyl-2 or 3-yl)-2-(chlorobenzyloxyimino) ethyl moiety 7a-i have been studied. Reaction of quinolone, with 2-bromo-1-(furan-2 or 3-yl)ethanone-O-substituted chlorobenzyloxime in DMF in presence of NaHCO3 at room temperature, gave the title compounds N-2-(furan-2 or 3-yl)-2-(chlorobenzyloxyiminoethyl) quinolone 7a-i. Synthesized compounds were further evaluated in-vitro against three human breast tumor cell lines. Preliminary screening indicated that compound 7 g demonstrated significant growth inhibitory potential against all evaluated cell lines. The results of structure-activity relationship study exhibited that quinolone derivatives are superior in cytotoxic potential compared to 1, 8-naphthyridone series. Furthermore, ethyl quinolone derivatives were more potent cytotoxic agents comparing with cyclopropyl quinolones.