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Li L, Zeng X, Williams PN, Gao X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Shan H, Su S. Arsenic resistance in fungi conferred by extracellular bonding and vacuole-septa compartmentalization. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123370. [PMID: 32650107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbes play a crucial role in arsenic (As) biogeochemical cycling and show great potential for environmental detoxification and bioremediation. Efflux, transformation, and compartmentalization are key processes in microbial As resistance. However, organelle specific As detoxification and fate during intracellular transfer and compartmentalization is not well understood. We conducted a time course experiment (2-5 days) of the organelle separation for fungal strains to explore subcellular As distributions. After exposure to 10 mg L-1 of arsenate (As(V)), the As accumulation among fungal organelles was generally in the order of extracellular (65 %) > cell wall (15 %) > vacuole (10 %) > other organelles (8 %). The vacuole As accounted for 55 % of the protoplast As. Extracellular bonding and vacuole compartmentalization were the main mechanisms of As resistance in the fungal strains tested. Glutathione (GSH) increases in fungal protoplast in response to As toxicity, acting as a reasonable indicator of As tolerance. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that carboxyl and amines groups within fungal cell walls potentially bind with As preventing As influx. Further analysis using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) identified that fungal septa besides vacuole could also immobilize As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xibai Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, PR China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Hong Shan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.
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